中国传统文化简介-英文教学提纲.ppt

ABriefIntroductiontoChineseTraditionalCulture中国传统文化简介v华中师范大学研究生会国交部v华中师范大学国际文化交流学院The Chinese Zodiac and Dragon（十二生肖和龙）（十二生肖和龙）Clothing（服装）（服装）Emperor Yan and Huang（炎帝和黄帝）（炎帝和黄帝）Chinese Inventions（中国的发明）（中国的发明）Famous Chinese People（中国的名人）（中国的名人）Emperor Yan and HuangEmperor Huang and Yan China has a long history of More than 5,000 years of civilization!The Emperor Yan and Huang are considered as our common ancestors.Emperor Huang and YanEvery year,on the Tomb-sweeping Day(usually on April 5th）,thousands of Chinese people come back from all over the world to the tomb of their oldest ancestors in Shaanxi province to participate the annual memorial ceremony.Chinese Zodiac and DragonChinese ZodiacTheChineseZodiac(生肖)consistsoftwelveanimalsigns,eachrepresentingayearaccordingtothelunarcalendar.Thetwelveanimalsignsare:Rat;Ox;Tiger;Rabbit;Dragon;Snake;Horse;Sheep;Monkey;Chicken;DogandPig.Theorderoftheanimalsisoftenexplainedwithafolk-taleabouthowtheanimalsweresummoned（召唤）toheavenbytheJadeEmperor.Thedragon,astheonlyanimalofthetwelvethatcouldfly,wasexpectedtoarrivefirst.Butthedragonsnatureistobehelpful,andhestoppedtohelpsomevillagersandthentherabbit,sohewasthefifthanimaltoarrivefortheJadeKingsfeast.ThisyearistheyearofMonkey!WhatisyourChineseZodiac?Dragon We also believe that we are the descendants of the Dragon.The images of the mythic Dragon can be found on many objects.Dragon The dragon has nine sons.The nine dragon have different themes,and they all have different versions too.One version is:The 1st son loves music.The head of Number 1 son becomes a decoration for music instrument,such as two-stringed bowed violin(囚牛 huqin).The 2nd son loves fighting.Many different handles of weapons have the symbol of Number 2 son.(睚眦 yazi)The 3rd son loves adventure and keeping guard.He has prestige and is the symbol of safety,harmony and peace.(嘲风 chaofeng)The 4th son loves howling.The image of Number 4 son can be found on the big bells.It is a symbol of protection and alertness.(蒲牢 pulao)The 5th son loves quietness,sitting,fire and smoke.His image is often found in temples,such as on incense burners.(狻猊 suan ni)Dragon The6thsonhasthepowerofstrength.Helovestocarryheavystufftoshowoffhismagicenergy.Heisasymboloflongevityandgoodluck.(霸下baxia)The7thsonlovestoseekjustice.Chineseliketoapplyhissymbolaroundlaw,court,orjail.(狴犴bigan)The8thsonlovesliterature.Chineseliketoputthe8thsonasasymbolaroundsteles（石碑）.Whenusedinthisway,itisasymbolofknowledgeoreducation.(负质fuzhi)The9thsonloveswater.Heisasymboltopreventfiredisasters.(螭吻chiwen)Dragon Dragon in Western CultureCan you make a comparison between Chinese Dragon and Western Dragon?ClothingClothing Chinese garment design has undergone a very long history of evolution,there have been a lots of different styles.Qipao,the typical Chinese womans dress,was originated from Manchurian womens gown,and has been remolded again and again to meet the modern taste.Clothing While most urban Chinese men and women have globalized their daily dressings,some remote ethnic minorities still have kept their beautiful traditional garments.Clothing SilkisaChineseinvention.Silkisoneoftheoldestknowntextilefibersand,accordingtoChinesetradition,wasusedaslongagoasthe27thcenturyBC.ThesilkwormmothwasoriginallyanativeofChina,andforabout30centuriesthegatheringandweavingofsilkwasasecretprocess,knownonlytotheChinese.Clothing 嫘祖（西陵氏之女）Leizu:thefounderofSericulture.Accordingtosomeancientstory,Leizu,thewifeofEmperorHuang,wasthefirstwomanwhobegintoraisesilkworms.Clothing ThehistoricaltraderoutebetweenChinaandtheWestwascalledthe“theSilkRoad.”TheSilkRoadwasnotatraderoutethatexistedsolelyforthepurposeoftradinginsilk;manyothercommoditieswerealsotraded,fromgoldandivorytoexoticanimalsandplants.Ofallthepreciousgoodscrossingthisarea,silkwasperhapsthemostremarkableforthepeopleoftheWest.Chinese InventionsChinese Inventions Compassisveryimportantintravelingoutside,andthisisjustagreatinventionofChinese.Thecompasscomposedofamagneticspoonandacopperplatewithorientationmarks.Turnthespoonandletitrunning,whenitstops,thehandleofitwillpointstotheSouth.Chinese Inventions CaiLun(TsaiLun,蔡伦)(?-121),wasaChineseeunuchwholivedaroundAD105oftheEasternHanDynasty.Heistheinventorofpaper.Forpapermaking,hetriedmaterialslikebark,hemp,andevenfishingnet.TheinventionofpaperisagreatcontributiontotheworldmadebyChinesepeople!Chinese Inventions AnothergreatcontributionofChinaisthetechniqueofprinting.Thestereotypingwasappearedin11thcenturyoftheNorthSongDynasty,whichwas300yearsearlierthanGutenbergstime.WhatisthefouthinventionofChina?Famous Chinese PeopleFamous Chinese People Confucius(孔子)(circa551-479BC）ConfuciuswasaChineseteacher,editor,politician,andphilosopheroftheSpringandAutumnperiodofChinesehistory.ThephilosophyofConfuciusemphasizedpersonalandgovernmentalmorality,correctnessofsocialrelationships,justiceandsincerity.HisfollowerscompetedsuccessfullywithmanyotherschoolsduringtheHundredSchoolsofThoughteraonlytobesuppressedinfavoroftheLegalistsduringtheQinDynasty.FollowingthevictoryofHanoverChuafterthecollapseofQin,ConfuciussthoughtsreceivedofficialsanctionandwerefurtherdevelopedintoasystemknownasConfucianism.Famous Chinese People TheLunY(Analects),aworkcompiledbysomeofConfuciusdisciples,isconsideredtobethemostreliablesourceofinformationabouthislifeandteachings.知者乐水，仁者乐山。知者动，仁者静。知者乐，仁者寿。Thewisemandelightinwater,theGoodmandelightsinmountains.Forthewisemove;buttheGoodstaystill.Thewisearehappy;buttheGood,secure.Famous Chinese People QuYuan(屈原)wasaministeroftheStateofChusituatedinpresent-dayHunanandHubeiprovinces,duringtheWarringStatesPeriod(475-221BC).Hewasupright,loyalandhighlyesteemedforhiswisecounselthatbroughtpeaceandprosperitytothestate.However,whenadishonestandcorruptprincevilifiedQu,hewasdisgracedanddismissedfromoffice.Realizingthatthecountrywasnowinthehandsofevilandcorruptofficials,QugrabbedalargestoneandleaptintotheMiluoRiveronthefifthdayofthefifthmonth.Nearbyfishermenrushedovertotryandsavehimbutwereunabletoevenrecoverhisbody.Thereafter,thestatedeclinedandwaseventuallyconqueredbytheStateofQin.Famous Chinese People TheDragonBoatFestival,alsocalledtheDuanwuFestival,iscelebratedonthefifthdayofthefifthmonthaccordingtotheChinesecalendar.Forthousandsofyears,thefestivalhasbeenmarkedbyeatingzongziwrappedtoformapyramidusingbambooorreedleaves)andracingdragonboats.Thefestivalisbestknownforitsdragon-boatraces,especiallyinthesouthernprovinceswheretherearemanyriversandlakes.Thisregatta commemoratesthedeathofQuYuan,anhonestministerwhoissaidtohavecommittedsuicidebydrowninghimselfinariver.Famous Chinese People NightThoughts(WrittentoMusic)Thebrightmoonshonebeforemybed,Iwondered-wasitfrostupontheground?Iraisedmyheadtogazeattheclearmoon,Bowedmyheadrememberingmyoldhome.Li Po/Bai(李白李白)(A.D.701762),thegreatestromanticpoetofChina,TangDynasty静夜思床前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。Famous Chinese People Dream of the Red Chamber（or The Story of the Stone）Thestoryorbitsaroundawealthybutdecliningfamily,theJiaclan,whooccupiestwolargefamilycompoundsinthecapital.ThemaincharactersarethepowerfulfamilymatriarchGrandmotherJia,thepeculiargrandsonJiaBaoyu(贾宝玉)andhistwogirlcousins,thesocially-gracefulbutinwardlycoldXueBaochai(薛宝钗)andthetemperamentalLinDaiyu(林黛玉).Infact,itwouldbemoreaccurateto say the main character is the family itself:itsmany members,their servants,their mutualobligationsandexpectations,andtheunfoldingfateofeachperson.CaoXueqin曹雪芹（ca.1715-1763）ChinasgreatestnovelistFamous Chinese People Main WorksCallToArms(CheeringfromtheSidelines)呐喊(1922),Wandering(Hesitation)彷徨(1925),WildGrass野草(1926DawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk朝花夕拾(1926),OldTalesRetold故事新编(1935)LuXun鲁迅（1881-1936）thefounderofModernChineseliterature1.DoyouknowanyotherfamousChinesepeople?2.WhatothertraditionalChineseFestivalsdoyouknow?SharewithusyourexperiencewhenspendingoneortwotraditionalChinesefestival(s).Hope You Can Enjoy Your Life in China!