高中英语知识点辨析.doc

高中英语知识点辨析

1．because of意为"由于，因为"，强调因果关系，在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。
如：We must not get discouraged because of such a minor setback．
我们决不可因为这样一个小小的挫折而灰心丧气。

2．owing to与because of一样，也强调因果关系，除作状语外，也可作表语。作状语时修饰整个句子，可在句首或句末，用逗号隔开。如：
They decided to cancel the flight，owing to the storm．由于这场暴风雨，他们决定取消航班。
His death was owing to an accident．他死于一场事故。

3．due to引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、状语和定语。作表语和状语时与owing to同义，作状语时，一般不与其他成分隔开。如：
This accident was due to（owing to）his careless driving．
这次车祸是由于他开车疏忽大意造成的。
He arrived late due to（owing to）the storm．由于暴风雨他来晚了。
Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences．
由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。

4．thanks to表示"幸亏,多亏"多用于表达正面意思，相当于感谢，在句中作状语和表语。如：
Thanks to your advice，much trouble was saved． 多亏你的建议，减少了许多麻烦。

一、只能修饰可数名词的词语有:
many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如:
Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.
开张后的头几天,很多人去了那儿。
I have been there dozens of times. 我已去过那儿很多次了。
There’re a number of students reading English in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生在读英语。
Many a student has(=many students have)visited the Great Wall.(谓语动词用单数)
很多学生都游览过长城。
In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow. 冬天很多动物在雪下冬眠。
注意: many所修饰的复数名词前若有限定词,many 后接of, 表示“……中的很多”。 例如:
A great many(of the) graduates have found jobs. 毕业生中很多人已经找到了工作。

二、只能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如:
Is there much water in the bucket? 桶里有很多水吗?
He always has a great amount of work to do. 他总是有很多工作要做。

三、既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三个词语后谓语动词的数依of 后的名词的单复数而定),a great / large quantity of (其后谓语用单数),quantities of (其后谓语用复数)。例如:
There is still lots of snow in the garden. 花园里还有许多雪。
There is plenty of rain here. 这儿的雨水很多。
A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall. 大厅里放了很多鲜花。
There are large quantities of food in the cupboard. 橱柜里有许多食物。
在所有这些表示“很多”的词语中many, much 是最常用的词,它们既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于疑问句和否定句。例如:
Are there many people in the street? 街上有很多人吗?
There isn’t much time left. 剩下的时间不多了。
其它的词语都用于肯定句,日常会话中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of; 正式文体中常用 a great many, a (large) number of, a great deal of, scores of 或 dozens of 等。但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等词修饰时,则必须使用 many, much。例如:
The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000.
无家可归的人数多达250,000人。
There is too much work to do.
要做的工作太多了。

一、关于道谢
【道谢用语】
1. Thank you (very much). / Thanks a lot. / Many thanks.
2. Thanks for your help. / Thank you for the lovely gift / for your invitation.
3. It’s very kind / nice of you.
4. I can never thank you enough. / I really don’t know how I can thank you enough.
5. Thank you all the same.(用于当别人因某种原因没能帮你时。)
【对道谢的应答】
1. Not at all.
2. That’s all right. / That’s OK.
3. You’re welcome.
4. Don’t mention it.
5. It’s my pleasure.
6. I’m very glad you enjoyed it.
注意: 在答复别人的道谢时,不可受汉语习惯的影响回答出诸如This is what I should do或It’s my duty等答语,因为这给人“不是出于自愿,而是为完成任务不得已而为之”的感觉。
二、关于道歉
【道歉用语】
1. Excuse me.(常用来事前道歉。如:向别人打听情况或打断别人的讲话等。)
2. Sorry. / I’m sorry. / Sorry to call you so late. / Sorry to have kept you waiting. / I’m sorry for losing your book. / I can’t tell you how sorry I am.
3. It was my fault. / My mistake. It won’t happen again.
4. Will you forgive me? / Please forgive me.
5. Pardon me for sneezing.
6. I apologize. / Please accept my apologies for what I said just now.
7. I must have caused you a lot of trouble.
8. I didn’t mean to step on your foot.
9. I beg your pardon.
【对道歉的应答】
1. That’s OK. / That’s all right.
2. It doesn’t matter.
3. It’s nothing. 4. Forget it.
5. You’re forgiven. 6. Never mind.
7. Don’t worry about it.
8. No problem. We all make mistakes.
注意: It doesn’t matter或Never mind虽在汉语中翻译成“没关系”,但属于道歉应答语,不属于道谢应答语。

表示“变得”go/get/become/grow/turn作系动词用法区别
go + adj. ,go是系动词,go作为系动词时，常构成go +adj."转变成",这个结构常表示情况变坏。
go bad（指食品）变质go mad疯了go blind失明 go hungry挨饿 go cold发冷；变冷
go wild 发狂 go bad（食物）变质 go red脸发红
These eggs have gone bad. 这些鸡蛋变质了。
The machines go wrong.机器出了毛病。
He went almost mad/crazy when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息几乎发疯了。
His illness is going worse.他的病情正恶化。
Not having enough money, he had to go hungry. 没足够的钱，他得挨饿。
【注意】go, get, become, grow, turn的区别
这些词均可用作连系动词，都有“变，变得”之意，但用法有一定不同。
(1)go通常表示由好变坏或由正常情况变成特殊情况。
go bad/blind/mad/wrong变坏/变瞎/疯了/出毛病。

(2)become和get表示的变化可以是由好到坏，也可以是由坏到好，强调变化过程的完成。become better/worse更好/更糟；get richer and richer变得越来越富

(3)grow有“逐渐变化”的含义，强调变化的过程。
grow tall长高；grow louder（声音）大起来

(4)turn表示变为完全不同的事物，强调变化的结果。
turn yellow变黄；turn gray变灰白
His dreams came true at last.他的梦想最后实现了。
The famous river finally ran dry.这条著名河流最后干涸了。

3