初中英语被动语态复习要点.doc

初中英语被动语态复习要点
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被动语态是是初三年级学习的重点语法内容。学好被动语态的结构有助于提高阅读理解能力，学会使用被动语态的句子尤其重要。在此，我们为基础较好的学生提供这方面的例句，希望对初中英语教学有所裨益。英语老师要鼓励学生浏览以下内容，接触各种形式含被动语态的句子。只要学生能看懂意思，教师不必要作任何讲解。在教学中，要依据学生能力水平，关注教材中对被动语态下的定义。基础好的学生不会有多少负担，是培养用英语做简单思维的重要媒介。

一、被动语态的基本定义
1.1 We use active voice when it is important to know who performs the action.
1.2 We can use the passive voice when
· it is obvious when performs the action.
· we do not know or do not want to know who performs the action.
· we think the action is more important than the person who performs the action.
1.3 We form the passive voice in different tenses like this: subject +  be  + past participle
· We use ‘am’, ‘is’ or ‘are’ + past participle to form the passive voice in the simple present tense.
· We use  ‘was’ or ‘were’ + past participle to form the passive voice in the simple past tense.
· We use ‘will be’ or ‘be going to be’ + past participle to form the passive voice in the simple future tense.
· We use ‘can / may / must / should’ + past participle to form the passive voice with modal verbs.
· We use ‘have been’ or ‘has been’ + past participle to form the passive voice in the present perfect tense.
· We can also introduce the person who performs an action with the passive voice using ‘by’. We put ‘by’ and name(s) of the person(s) at the end of a passive sentence.

二、讲解与例句
2.1 To form the passive, take the following steps:  Take the object of the active verb and make it the subject of the passive verb. Add the verb b to be in the same tense as the verb in the active sentence.  Add the past participle of the active verb. If the subject of the active verb has to be expressed, it is usually introduced with by.

2.2 We use the passive when who or what causes the action is not important or is not known,or when we want to focus on the action.

· The rubbish is taken out every day. (We don't know who takes the rubbish out, or maybe it's not important.)
· The Great Wall of China was built thousands of years ago. (It's not important exactly who built it, we want to focus on the action of building)
· The money has been stolen.  (We don't know who stole it, and we want to emphasise the       action of stealing)
· My windows are cleaned once a month.  (It's not important who cleans them. The action of cleaning is more important)

2.3 If there are two objects in the active sentence, two passive sentences are possible.
Active: They gave me 500 dollars to do the work. 
Passive: I was given 50 dollars to do the work or 500 dollars was given to me to do the work.

2.4 Get is often used instead of be in informal spoken English.
I got offered the promotion. / The table got damaged in the fire. / I got asked to present the award.

2.5 The subject of the active verb is not usually expressed in passive sentences, because it is  unknown or unimportant. However, if it is used, it is usually preceded with by.
The painting was done by Picasso.

2.6 When we talk about a tool used by an agent, it can be preceded by with.
The painting was done with oils on canvas.

三、教材要求
1. Rice is grown in China.
2. Coke is sold all over the world.
3. Activities for the Computer Club are organized by Mr Lin.
4. Educational CD-ROMs are sold in many countries.
5. Word processing skills are taught in our computer lessons.
6. The places you have visited are marked in bright purple.
7. The game is sold in all computer shops and bookshops.
8. What is the game called? It is called ‘Around the World in eight Hours’.
9. When the witch is caught, you win the game.
10. The printer was sold already.
11. That CD-ROM was designed by Nancy Jackson.
12. This picture was painted by Millie.
13. Some money was stolen from the bank yesterday.
14. The thieves were caught by the police.
15. This newsletter article was written by Daniel.
16. All the snacks were eaten before the party ended.

四、扩充内容
1. English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。
2. A class meeting is held every Thursday. 在每周四都举行班会。
3. The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。
4. The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打破了。
5. He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。
6. My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
7. A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。
8. A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。
9. I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。
10. The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。
11. The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。
12. A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。
13. Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。
14. The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。
15. Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。
16. They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。
17. She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。
18. He had been tortured by the illness for years before he died. 他在去世前已被疾病折磨多年了。
19. The room hasn't been cleaned yet. 房间还没有打扫。
20. The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他猎杀。
21. The window was blown by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。
22. The whole village has been washed away by the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
23. It is said that Lucy has gone abroad. 据说露茜已经出国了。
24. It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.) 大家相信他是个间谍。

五、注意变化
.1 Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成这项工作。
The job can be finished only by him.
Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
We were told the truth by Jack. / The truth was told (to) us by Jack.

.2 happen，cost，take，have, look, feel, smell等动词没有被动式：　
An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起事故。  
The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。  
The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。   
This book sells well.这本书畅销。

六、补充练习,把下列句子改为被动语态：
1. I saw the boy run yesterday.
2. He told me that he would come back soon.
3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages.
4. Do you water your flowers every day?
5. The wind blew down the big tree last night.
6. I think that he is right.
7. He had not thrown the bad food.
8. Mother was not mending the trousers.
9. They would not take him to Beijing.
10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.

第六题参考答案：
1. The boy was seen to run by me yesterday.
2. I was told that he would come back soon.
3. A lot of differences can be found by you between the two languages.
4. Are your flowers watered every day?
5. The big tree was blown down last night.
6. It is thought that he is right.
7. The bad food had not been thrown.
8. The trousers were not being mended by my mother.
9. He would not be taken to Beijing.
10. I was known by nobody in this town at that time.

本项被动语态的作业与反馈可以分为：
a.学生在家预习，阅读与理解本篇材料，划出自己有疑问或不懂的部分，特别是不理解句意的情况，到校与同学互帮互学；
b.课堂检查，以汉译英的形式，或者直接听写,10句为限；
c.要求会默记其中的10个句子（含不同的时态），随后课堂口头/书面检查；
d.提供一组动词，让学生用被动语态的形式进行口头/书面的造句。

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