浅谈高中英语书面表达的教学.doc

浅谈高中英语书面表达的教学

　　一、掌握英语基本句型
　　英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型为：①ＳＶ（主＋谓）；②ＳＶＰ（主＋谓＋表）；③ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）；④ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）；⑤ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)。但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。了解英语中的这五种基本句型后写作时要有意识的注意自己的句子结构使用是否正确，写完作文后，要检查自己的作文是否缺少主语，谓语等这些重要成分。
　　二、积累句型
　　以下是写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，学生需熟记这些句型，应做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。
1.表示原因
a. There are three reasons for this.
b. The reasons for this are as follows.
c. The reason for this is obvious.
d. The reason for this is not far to seek.
e. The reason for this is that...
例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly，... Secondly，...Last but not least，...
2.表示好处
a . I t h a s t h e f o l l o w i n g advantages.
b. It does us a lot of good.
c. It benefits us quite a lot.
d. It is beneficial to us.
e. It is of great benefit to us.
例如Books are like friends. T he y ca n ...，a nd t he y ca n... Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.
3.表示坏处
a. It has more disadvantages than advantages.
b. It does us much harm.
c. It is harmful to us.
例如：However，every coin has two sides. Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if ...
4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
a. It is important (necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb. to do sth.
b. We think it necessary to do sth.
c. It plays an important role in our life.
例如：Computers are now being used everywhere... We havegood reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life.
5.表示措施
a. We should take some effective measures.
b. We should try our best to overcom（e conquer）the difficulties.
c. We should solve the problems that we are faced with.
例如：The housing problem is becomi ng mor e a nd more serious.Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it.
6.表示事实、现状
a. We cannot ignore the fact that...
b. No one can deny the fact that...
c. There is no denying the fact that...
d. However，that’s not the case.
例如：We cannot ignore the fact that our environment is seriously polluted.To solve these problems，we can ...
7.表示比较
a. Compared with A，B...
b. I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
c. There is a striking contrast between them.
例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being easily available.
8.表示数量
a. It has increased（decreased）from...to...
b. The population in this city has now increased（decreased）to ...
c. The output of July in this factory increased by ... percent compared with that of January.
例如：With the improvement of the living standard，the percentage of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.
9.表示看法
a. People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth.
b. People have diff erent opinions on this problem.
c. People take different views of （on）the question.
d. Some people believe that... Others argue that...
例如：People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe t ha t f ailu re leads to success. However，others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.
　　三、鼓励广泛阅读，加强语感
　　大量阅读可以提高阅读速度，扩大词汇量。另一方面，它还可以加强英语语感，对英语写作起着潜移默化的作用。只有当阅读量达到一定程度时，才能真正找到学英语的感觉，学生可以选择适合自己的读物，如英文报纸、杂志、科普文章、英文简写小说、散文、小品文等。在阅读时，指导学生留心复现率高的词、词组以及句型，归纳整理这些词的搭配。如在阅读中发现与impression 一起使用的动词很多，这时我们就要指导学生记下可以和它搭配的动词或短语动词，如make , leave, create等,这种积累有助于学生能在写作中的正确产出。