人教版新课标八年级上册英语知识点归纳.doc

人教版新课标八年级上册英语知识点归纳
★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.
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清华大学英语教授研究组提供
八年级上知识点总结
Unit 1: How often do you exercise?
【复习目标】
会使用频率副词及短语；能描述课余时间的活动安排；会描述基本饮食结构。
【语言目标】
● What do you usually do on weekends?   I sometimes go to the beach.
● How often do you eat vegetables?      Every day.
● Most students do homework every day.
【重点词汇】
●  always, usually , often, sometimes , hardly , ever, never.
●  how often, once , twice , three times a week , every day.
【应掌握的词组】
1. go to the movies 去看电影           
2. look after = take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网                
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去滑板      
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼 
8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动          
10. the same as 与什么相同
11. be different from 不同                  
12. once a month一月一次
13. twice a week一周两次                 
14. make a difference to 对什么有影响
15. how often 多久一次                     
16. although = though虽然                 
17. most of the students=most students      
18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物
19. as for至于                     
20. activity survey活动调查
21. do homework做家庭作业                
22. do housework做家务事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉                 
24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 对什么有益                   
26. be bad for对什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事                  
28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 尽量做某事                
30. come home from school放学回家
31. of course = certainly = sure当然         
32. get good grades取得好成绩   
33. some advice                           
34. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不
35. keep/be in good health保持健康  
36.be stressed out紧张的，有压力的
37. take a vacation 去度假                   
48.get back 回来
【应掌握的句子】
1.   How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？
How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times…, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。
翻译：“你们多久到工厂去一次？”“每星期两次。”                                                         
“How often do you go to the factory?” “Twice a week. ”
“他们多长时间举办一次舞会？”“通常每两周举办一次。”                                                           
“How often do they have a dancing party?” “Usually, once every other week.”
“他多久去购一次物？”“一个月一次。”                                                          
“How often does he go shopping?” “He goes shopping once a month.”
2. “What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”
“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”
第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。
翻译：
What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.                                                                
What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.                                                     
3. “What’s your favorite program?” “It’s Animal World.”
=What program do you like best?
      “你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day . 
as for...意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如： As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。
　         As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。
翻译：至于我自己，我现在不想去。 (As for myself, I don’t want to go now. )    
至于那个人，我什么都不知道。(As for the man, I know nothing about him.)
5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her . 
want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”；
want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：
Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？
The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。
6. She says it’s good for my health.
be good for...表示“对……有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for...。（这里for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）
如：It's good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。
Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。
7. How many hours do you sleep every night?
8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .
9. My eating habits are pretty good .　这里pretty相当于very 。
10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。
如:  You’d better try doing the experiment in another way.
你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。
11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.
这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级
13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?
＝Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as … / be different from …
14. What sports do you play ?  
15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health . 
keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy
16. You must try to eat less meat .　
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级
17. That sounds interesting.　
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell
（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get
（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：
It tastes good.  这味道好。
The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。
The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。
【词语辨析】
一、maybe / may be
1. The baby is crying      she is hungry.
 2. The woman       a teacher .
maybe 是副词，意为“大概， 可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be是情态动词，意为“可能是..，也许是..，大概是..”.
二、a few / few / a little / little
 1.       people can live to 100,but          people can live to 150.
 2. There is       time left, I don’t catch the first bus.
3. Could you give me          milk?

a few (少数的，几个，一些)
a little (一点儿，少量)
表示肯定
few (很少的，几乎没有的)
little  (很少的，几乎没有的)
表示否定
修饰可数名词
修饰不可数名词

三、none / no one
1、           of the pens are mine .   
 2、           is in the classroom.
none指人或物，强调数量，用how many提问，常与of连用。no one 多指人，强调“无人”这种状态，用who提问，不可与of连用，作主语时，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
四、hard / hardly
1. The ground is too             to dig
2. I can          understand them.
3. It’s raining            ,the people can              go outside.
    hard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。Hardly意为“几乎不”。
Unit 2 What’s the matter?
【复习目标】
●      掌握身体各部位名称的英文表达方式
●      能表述身体的种种不适以及对他人身体的种种不适给予适当的建议
【语言目标】
●      What’s the matter? I have a headache.
●      You should drink some tea. The sounds like a good idea.
●      I have a sore back.     That’s  too bad .   
●       I hope you feel better soon.
【重点词汇】
● head, nose, eye, ear, tooth, neck, stomach, back, leg, arm, foot, throat
● thirsty, stressed out,/ dentist, lie, rest, honey, water, illness, advice.
● cold, fever, headache, toothache, stomachache, sore throat
【应掌握的词组】
1. Have a cold 感冒      
2. sore back 背痛  
3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进 
4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛
= I have got a stomachache = There is something wrong with my stomach
= My stomach hurts = I have (got) a pain in my stomach
5. What’s the matter? 怎么了？
= What’s the trouble (with you)? = What’s your trouble?= What’s wrong (with you)?
= What’ the matter (with you)? =What has happened to you?
= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what’s up?
6. sore throat 咽喉痛                      
7. lie down and rest 躺下休息   
8. see a dentist 看牙医                    
9. drink lots of water 多喝水          
10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶       
11.That’s a good idea 好主意
12.That’s too bad 太糟糕了               
13.I think so 我认为如此
14. I’m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服
= I’m not feeling fine/all right. = I’m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad.
= I don’t feel well.
15. get some rest 多休息                  
16. I have no idea = I don’t know 我不知道
17. stressed out 筋疲力尽                 
18. I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了
19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式    
20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医
21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和    
22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛
23. to eat a balance diet饮食平衡        
24. healthy food 健康食品
25. stay healthy 保持健康=keep healthy=keep in good health = keep fit
26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快
=have a good time = have a wonderful time  = have fun
27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like doing sth          practice doing sth.练习做某事，
mind doing sth. 介意做某事，                      finish doing sth.完成某事，
give up doing sth.放弃做某事，                    can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事，
keep doing sth. 坚持做某事. （keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. ）
be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事                     be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
make a contribution to doing sth.为..做贡献   
go on doing sth. 继续做某事      forget doing sth.忘记做过某事                      
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事         spend....(in) doing sth. 花（时间）来做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起（做...）来更愿意（做...）   
28. at the moment = now 此刻                       
29. Host family 东道家庭
30. Conversation practice会话练习               
31. I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过
【应掌握的句子】
1． What’s the matter? I have a bad cold. 你怎么了？我得了重感冒。
翻译：他怎么了？他胃痛。                         
魏芳怎么了？她背痛。                                          
2．Maybe you should see a dentist. 或许你应该看牙医。
翻译：我应该上床睡觉。                                              
            李平应该躺下休息。                     
我们不应该上课吃东西。We shoudn’t eat food in class,                                        
3．I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快好起来。
翻译：我希望他明天能来。I hope you will come here tomorrow.                                                                           
4．Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy.
传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。
翻译：老师认为我们应该努力学习以取得好成绩。
        Teachers think we should study hard to get good grade.
         我相信每天晚上睡眠8个小时很重要。
5．Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.
   吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。
翻译：吃一些蔬菜和水果对你的健康有好处。                            
      看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.                                    
6．People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.
   太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。
7．It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and it’s important to eat a balanced diet.
   有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。
翻译：学好英语不是很容易的。It’s not easy to study English.                                        
      上课注意听讲是必要的。                                       
      完成作业也很重要。                                           
8．When you are tired, you shouldn’t go out at night. 疲倦时，晚上你不该外出。
翻译：他小的时候就知道应该努力学习。                                
      他5岁就上学了。                                             
      我们进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。                                                        
9．I believe him, but I can’t believe in him.
他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。
10．I am not feeling very well at the moment. 这段时间我感觉不大好。
I’m tired and I have a lot of headaches. 我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。
11．I’m stressed out because my Mandarin isn’t improving.
我很容易紧张，因为普通话没有长进。
12．I practice playing the piano every day.我每天练习弹钢琴。
翻译：他每天练习踢足球。I practice playing soccer every day.                                            
      我们应该每天练习说英语。                                     
      13．She had finished writing the letter when I went in.
我进去时，她已经写完信了。
翻译：他踢完足球去游泳了。                                         
      我洗完餐具后去商店了。                                        
14．The doctor asked him to give up smoking.医生叫他戒烟。
翻译：不要放弃学英语。Don’t give up studying English.                                             
15．Do you mind closing the window? 请把窗户关上好吗？
翻译：在这里吸烟你介意吗？Do you mind smoking here?                                        
16．Mary couldn’t help laughing at his jokes.对于他的玩笑，玛莉忍不住笑了。
翻译：听到这个消息，我忍不住哭了起来。                                                             
17．They kept working though it was raining.尽管天在下雨，他们仍坚持工作。
翻译：我们应该坚持学英语。

  Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
【复习目标】
●      会使用现在进行时态表示未来计划
●      会使用wh-特殊疑问句
【语言目标】
● What are you doing for vacation?  
I’m spending time with my friends.
● When are you going?               
I’m going next week.
●      How long are you staying?         
We’re staying for two weeks.
【重点词汇】
●      babysitting, going sightseeing, going fishing
●      how long /  plan, decide / at home, get back
【应掌握的词组】
1. babysit one’s sister 照顾妹妹          
2. visit one’s grandmother 看望奶奶
3. spend time with friends 和朋友们一起度过时光 
4. visit cousins 看望表弟等                
5. go to sports camp 去运动野营    
6. o to the beach 去海滩                   
7. go camping 去野营       
8. Go shopping 去买东西               
9. go swimming 去游泳
10. go boating去划船         
11. go skating 去溜冰      
12. go walking去散步                      
13. go climbing 去登山     
14. go dancing去跳舞                 
15. go hiking 去徒步远足
16. go sightseeing 去观光               go bike riding 骑自行车旅行，go fishing 去钓鱼
17. go house-hunting 去找房子   
18. o on a hike 徒步旅行，  
19. do some shopping 买东西                
20. do some washing 洗衣服
21. do some cooking 作饭                  
22. do some reading 读书
23. do some speaking训练口语               
24. do some sewing 做缝纫活
25. that sounds nice 那好极了               
26. at home 在家
27. how about=what about ……怎么样？      
28. how long 多长时间
29. how far 多远                           
30. how often 多长时间一次
31. how much, how many 多少 
32. have a good time
=have fun= have a wonderful time= enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快  
33. show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看
give me the book=give the book to me 给我书，
pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子递给我，
sell me the house=sell the house to me 把房子卖给我
buy me a book =buy a book for me 给我买书，
make me a cake = make a cake for me给我做蛋糕 
34. get back=come back回来                         
35. rent videos租借影碟
36. take walks=go for a walk散步                 
37. think about 考虑
38. decide on= decide upon决定一个计划            
39. something different 不同的事情
40．a great vacation 一个愉快的假期                
41. I can’t wait 我等不及了
42. the famous movie star 著名的影星               
43. an exciting vacation 激动人心的假期
44. Ask her about her plans 向她询问她的计划
ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事
45. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
【应该掌握的句子】
1．What are you doing for vacation? I’m babysitting my sister.
假期你要做什么？我要照顾我的妹妹。
翻译：周末他要做什么？他要去滑划板。                                
      李平假期要做什么？他要去野营。                                
2．Who are you going with? I’m going with my parents.你要和谁一起去？我要和父母一起去。
翻译：王林要和谁一起去观光？他要和他的朋友们一起去。
      我要和同学们一起去游泳。                                      
      我和父母要去游览长城。                                        
3．When is he going camping?   He is going on the 12th of February, 2005.
4．I’m going to Tibet for a week. 我要去西藏一周。
翻译：你要去西藏多长时间？                                           
      他们假期要在家里呆一个月。                                    
5．What are you doing there? I’m going hiking in the mountains.
你在那里要做什么？ 我要在山区里远足。
6．Show me your photos when we get back to school.
我们返回学校时，你把照片拿给我看。
翻译：我来把我的新照片拿给你看看。                                   
      他长大时想当一名时装杂志的记者。                               
7．Where are you going for vacation? I’m going to Hawaii for vac