芝加哥论文格式.ppt

Chicago Manual StyleChicago Manual Style芝加哥论文格式芝加哥论文格式1 总体介绍论文格式的三大流行范式，关于英文学界论文的格式，目前被国际学术界广泛接受的主要有三种：芝加哥论文格式（Chicago Manual Style，CMS）美国心理学会论文格式（American Psychological Association，APA）现代语言学会论文格式（Modern Language Association，MLA）2历史渊源CMS论文格式源于芝加哥大学出版社在1906年出版的Manual Style，经过100多年的增补、修订、CMS确立了学术论文写作格式的权威地位。The Chicago Manual of Style目前已出至第十五版，书中的“格式指南”部分详细说明撰写论文时需要注意的细节，包括标点符号、人名和数字的写法、缩写、以及注释和书目的编制方法等，是撰写论文时，编写注释和参考书目之必要参考。3This section provides note forms for a wide range of sources,from books and articles to electronic media,based on The ChicagoManual of Style,15th edition,2003.Because types of sources are proliferating rapidly,you may use one that is not mentioned here.In this case,you should look at the closestalternative and construct your own entry according to the basic principlesof Chicago Manual format.4Footnotes and Endnotes脚注和尾注脚注和尾注 The citation of a source in the note-bibliography system is indicated in the text with a superscript(raised)number,which refers to a note providing information about the source.The notesWhen they appear at the bottom of the pagefootnotesWhen they are collected in a section at the end of each chapter or at the end of the entire paperendnotes5Designation of Notes in the TextA note is indicated in the text by a raised arabic numeral.The superscript number should be raise one-half space(not a full space)above the line and should be placed directly after the material(without a space)to which the note refers.The best placement of the number is at the end of a sentence.The number follows all punctuation except the dash,and it should not be italicized,circled,or followed by a period.The following examples demonstrate correct and incorrectplacement of superscript numbers.6Robert Heilbroner explains that“the profit motive as we know it is only as old as modern man.1”Robert Heilbroner explains that“the profit motive as we know it is only as old as modern man.”17Robert Heilbroner1 explains that“the profit motive as we know it is only as old as modern man.”“The profit motive as we know it is only as old as modern man,”according to Robert Heilbroner.18“The profit motive as we know it is only as old as modern man.”-1 ancient civilizations would have found this principle alien.“The profit motive as we know it is only as old as modern man”1-ancient civilizations would have found this principle alien.9“The profit motive as we know it is only as old as modern man”:1 ancient civilizations wouldhave found this principle alien.Both footnotes and endnotes are usually numbered consecutively within a chapter,starting with number one in each new chapter.Some institutions,however,recommend numbering notes throughout the entire thesis.10example1112First Reference and Subsequent Reference 首次引用首次引用和和后续引用后续引用 The first time you cite a source in the notes,give a complete entry in the correct format for the bibliographical style you are using throughout the paper.For a book A complete entry includes the following information(if applicable):complete name of the authortitle of the bookname of the editor,compiler,or translatoredition(other than first)number of volumes or the individual volume numberseries and numbercity and state of publication;publisherdate of publicationpage number(s)13 Leonard Shatzkin,In Cold Type:Overcoming the BookCrisis(Boston:Houghton,1982),plete name of the authortitle of the bookcity and state of publicationdate of publicationpage number(s)14Benjamin Woolley,Virtual Worlds:A Journey in Hype and Hyperreality(Cambridge:Blackwell,1992),100.A:B:C：D:15First Reference and Subsequent Reference 首次引用首次引用和和后续引用后续引用 The first time you cite a source in the notes,give a complete entry in the correct format for the bibliographical style you are using throughout the paper.For a articlein a periodical A complete entry includes the following information(if applicable):complete name of the author(if provided)title of the articlename of the periodicalvolume and number of the issuedatepage number(s)16 C.E.Nwezeh,“The Comparative Approach to Modern African Literature,”Yearbook of General and Comparative Literature,no.28(1979):plete name of the author(if provided)title of the articlename of the periodicalnumber of the issuedatepage number(s)17 After the first complete reference note,use a shortened format for subsequent references to the same work.In most cases,the last name of the author and the page number serve to identify the work.Subsequent reference notes should provide enough information to allow the reader to locate the original note or the bibliography entry,but they should be no longer than necessary.Subsequent Reference 后续引用后续引用18 Leonard Shatzkin,In Cold Type:Overcoming the BookCrisis(Boston:Houghton,1982),45.Shatzkin,45.19 When more than one work by an author is cited,each subsequent reference must include not only the name of the author,but also the title of the article or book(shortened when the title is long).后续引用中的后续引用中的一人多著作一人多著作首次引用文献首次引用文献 Vaclav Havel,Keeping the Faith:Summer Meditations(New York:Knopf,1990),15.Vaclav Havel,Living in Truth(New York:Knopf,1987),43.后续引用后续引用Havel,Keeping the Faith,43.Havel,Living in Truth,72.20 For a work with multiple authors,give the last names of up to three authors.When a work has four or more authors,give the name of the first author followed by et al.后续引用中后续引用中的多人合著的多人合著首次引用文献首次引用文献 Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren,ModernRhetoric,4th ed.(New York:Harcourt,1979),56.后续引用后续引用Brooks and Warren,89.Lauer et al.,80.Janice M.Lauer et al.,Four Worlds of Writing(NewYork:Harper,1981),77.21 When you have more than one author with the same lastname,include first names or initials in subsequent references.同姓作者同姓作者首次引用文献首次引用文献 Helen C.White,The Mysticism of William Blake(New York:Russell,1964),75.后续引用后续引用Helen C.White,77.E.B.White.95.E.B.White,Charlottes Web(New York:Harper,1952),67.22 Some works have the name of an editor,compiler,or translator in place of the name of an author.In subsequent references,you should list the name or names of the editor,compiler,or translator without the accompanying abbreviation (ed.,comp.,or trans.),which should appear in the bibliography.仅署编者或仅署编者或译者名的著作译者名的著作首次引用文献首次引用文献后续引用后续引用Brandon，17.Henry Brandon,ed.,In Search of a New World Order:The future of U.S.-European Relations(Washington,DC:Brookings,1992),231.23 If a multivolume work has one general title,each subsequentcitation must include the volume number.多卷本著作多卷本著作首次引用文献首次引用文献后续引用后续引用Rad,1:76.Gerhard von Rad,Old Testament Theology,trans.D.M.G.Stalker,2 vols.(New York:Harper,1962-65)(This citation refers to material in volume 1,on page 76).24Magazines月刊文章基本形式月刊文章基本形式（附署名）（附署名）Daniel Kleppner,“About Benjamin Thompson,”PhysicsToday,September 1992,9.周刊文章基本形式周刊文章基本形式 “The Bard of Betrayal,”Observer Magazine,September27,1992,44-46.p17825Newspapers基本形式基本形式 Pamela Mercer,“U.S Venture Bets on Colombian Coal,”New York Times,July 27,1995,D7.社论社论 “Potomac Yard Decision,”editorial,Washington Post,October 16,1992,A22.p18026Reviews有署名和标题的杂志评论有署名和标题的杂志评论 Walter Moore,“Great Physicist,Great Guy,”review ofGenius:The Life and Science of Richard Feynman,by James Gleick,New York Times Book Review,October 11,1992,3.p18027Works of Literature戏剧戏剧 William Shakespeare,Othello,in The RiversideShakespeare,ed.G.Blakemore Evans(Boston:Houghton,1974),act 3,sc.2,lines 1-5.p182、18428Electronic Sources计算机程序或软件计算机程序或软件 Adobe Acrobat,computer software,ver.5.0.5,CD-ROM(San Jose,CA:Adobe,2001),Windows,Macintosh.在线期刊文章在线期刊文章 P198,200 Bill Readings,“Notes from the Electronic Underground.”Surfaces 4(1994),53 pars.,November 14,1998,http:/tornade.ere.umontreal.ca/-boudreaj/vol4/readings.htm(accessed March 23,2006).29Thank you！30