毕业设计(论文)中央环保督察对地方环境法治的影响及环境经济效应研究.pdf
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1、华中科技大学博士学位论文摘要良好生态环境是实现中华民族永续发展的内在要求。为疏通“中央政府一地方 政府一企业”的责任传导链条以改善环境治理效果,中央实施了迄今为止最大规模 和最高规格的环境治理机制,即中央环保督察制度,以期通过“督政”、“督党”的 责任传导,推进包括地方环境法治建设在内的环境保护长效机制。此背景下,政府 部门和实务界迫切需要对中央环保督察的实施效果进行系统评估。同时,囿于数据 和方法,学术界对中央环保督察如何影响环境法治及其经济后果的认识不够深入和 全面,导致对督政环境政策运作机理的理解还很不足。首先,本文从“环境治理中的主体责任与利益博弈”、“督察制度的内涵及实施 效果”、“
2、环境法治的重要性及影响因素”、“环境规制的经济效应”等方面切入系统 梳理总结了相关研究文献。然后,从制度经济学、央地博弈关系、法与经济学等视 角切入,对现有环境治理相关理论进行归纳和整合,并结合中央环保督察实施的背 景、特点以及相关举措,构建了中央环保督察影响地方环境法治及其规制效应的理 论分析框架,以期为理解中央环保督察的运作机理及实施效果提供理论支撑,进而 指导后续实证研究章节。在此基础上,本文利用各省份受到中央环保督察时间呈现错层分布的特点,采 用渐进性双重差分法,依次从“中央环保督察对地方环境法治的影响”和“中央环 保督察引致地方环境法治强化产生的环境经济效应”两个递进视角展开实证研究
3、。其一,本文基于手工搜集整理各省份出台的环保立法数量以及环境违法案件数 量等相关数据,从法制建设和司法制裁视角切入考察了中央环保督察对地方环境法治的 影响。实证结果表明,与未督察进驻地区相比,中央环保督察不仅促使受督察地区环保 立法数量增加和立法质量提升,而且推高了该地区的环境违法案件查处数量。从法制建设视角看,中央环保督察不仅推高了地方环境立法数量(涵括地方性 法规、地方政府规章和地方规范性文件),而且在受到中央环保督察冲击后,地方政 府倾向于出台效力级别更高、严苛程度更强的环保法规;进一步研究表明,在环保 法制基础薄弱、环境污染程度较高、地方财政能力较强的地区,中央环保督察对其 华中科技大
4、学博士学位论文环保法制建设的推动作用相对更大。从司法制裁视角看,中央环保督察不仅通过完善地方环保立法进而推动了违反 督察后新出台法规的案件数明显增加,而且通过增强环境执法的力度和严苛程度,促使违反督察前已有环保法规的案件数也显著增加。进一步研究表明,在司法效率 较高、环境污染程度较高、地方财政能力较强的地区,中央环保督察对环境违法行 为的司法惩治效应越显著。其二,本文综合运用企业层面数据(环保支出、污染物排放、经营绩效等)和 地区层面数据(地级市环境质量、经济增长等),从宏微观结合视角切入实证检验了 中央环保督察产生的“治污减排”效应及其经济后果。实证结果表明,中央环保督 察通过增强地方环境法
5、治这一渠道推动了企业环保投入增加以及污染排放水平降低,进而对地区环境质量及经济增长产生影响。从企业层面看,中央环保督察能够对企业环保决策施加显著影响,通过增强地 方环境法治形成了震慑污染违法行为的长效机制,从而推动企业环保投资显著增加;而且,在企业环境行为改善的作用下,中央环保督察促使其污染物排放水平降低,有利于形成更加绿色清洁的生产方式。然而,由于企业在更严环境约束下付出了更 多合规成本,中央环保督察对企业经营活动及盈利水平产生了一定的负面冲击。从地区层面看,中央环保督察有效改善了以工业污染物减排为衡量指标的城市 环境质量,但短期来看,其并未通过严格的环境规制倒逼地区经济绩效提升,因而 未能
6、实现环境保护与经济发展的“双赢”结果。这也促使本文进一步思考如何补偿 由于规制提高引致的额外成本以促进经济绿色发展的目标。最后,在总结本文核心研究结论的基础上,提出了相关政策建议。本文清晰识 别出了“中央环保督察实施一地方环境法治增强一企业环保行为改善一地方环境及 经济效应”的传导机制,不仅系统评估了中央环保督察的规制效应及实施效果,而 且有助于厘清“督政”环境规制政策的运作机理,也对进一步健全生态文明长效机 制以实现环境质量提升与经济效益改善的协调发展具有启示意义。关键词:中央环保督察;“督政”环境规制;地方环境法治;企业环保投资;地区环 境质量;双重差分法II华中科技大学博士学位论文Abs
7、tractBuilding an ecological civilization is of fundamental importance for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.As a landmark ecological civilization reform measure,on behalf of the central government of China,the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the State Council have initia
8、ted the Central I nspection of Environmental Protection(CI EP).I t is considered to be the highest profile and the largest scale inspection on environment protection to date,aiming to promote the long-term mechanism of environmental protection including the construction of local environmental rule o
9、f law,through the responsibility transmission of inspecting government and inspecting the Party”.Based on this background,it is urgent for government departments and practical circles to systematically evaluate the implementation effect of CI EP.At the same time,limited by data and methods,the acade
10、mic circle has not a thorough and comprehensive understanding of how CI EP affects the environmental rule of law and its economic consequences,resulting in a lack of understanding of the operation mechanism of CI EP.First,this dissertation systematically reviews relevant research literature from asp
11、ects of“subject responsibility and interest game in environmental govemance,connotation and implementation effect of inspection system,importance and influencing factors of environmental rule of law,and economic effect of environmental regulation”.Then,from the perspectives of institutional economic
12、s,the central and local governments game relationship,and law and economics,it summarizes and integrates existing theories related to environmental governance,and provides a theoretical analysis framework for understanding the transmission and implementation effect of environmental regulation.Furthe
13、rmore,in the analysis of the institutional background,this dissertation focuses on the background,characteristics and relevant measures of the implementation of CI EP,and reveals that CI EP has the characteristics of high level,strong authority and externality,which provides a basis for the empirica
14、l discussion in the following part.On this basis,the dissertation adopting a year-by-year progressive diflerence-in-difference(DI D)empirical specification based on the split-layer distribution of times of various provinces inspected by CI EP,carries out empirical research from two progressive persp
15、ectives,namely,the impact of CI EP on local environmental rule of law and the heterogeneity,and“the economic consequences of strengthening local in华中科技大学博士学位论文environmental rule of law caused by CI EP”.For the first perspective,based on manual collection and sorting of the number of environmental pr
16、otection laws and regulations issued by various provinces and the number of environmental violations,this dissertation investigated the impact of CI EP on the construction of local environmental rule of law.The results show that,compared with the areas without central inspection,CI EP not only contr
17、ibuted to the increase of the number of environmental protection legislation and the improvement of the quality of legislation,but also increased the number of environmental illegal cases investigated and dealt with in the locality.From the perspective of the issuance of local environmental protecti
18、on regulations,CI EP contributed to more local environmental legislations(include local regulations,local government rules and normative documents),besides,after being pressured by CI EP,local governments were more inclined to introduce more powerful and stringent environmental protection regulation
19、s;further research shows that,in areas with weak legal basis of environmental protection and high degree of environmental pollution,CI EP can play a greater role in promoting the construction of environmental protection legal system.From the perspective of local environmental illegal cases,the legal
20、 system construction caused by CI EP has begun to produce the effect of judicial punishment,and CI EP has promoted the investigation and handling of environmental criminal and administrative cases in inspected areas.I n particular,there was a significant increase in the number of violations of the n
21、ewly introduced local environmental protection legislation in inspected areas compared to areas without inspection.Further research shows that,in areas with higher judicial efficiency and higher environmental pollution level,the judicial sanction effect of CI EP on environmental violations is more s
22、ignificant.For the second perspective,based on micro-data such as environmental protection expenditure of listed companies and macro-data such as economic growth and environmental quality of prefecture-level cities,this dissertation empirically examines the pollution control and emission reduction e
23、ffect produced by the Central I nspection of Environmental Protection and the economic consequences.The empirical results show that CI EP has promoted a significant increase of enterprise environmental protection investment by strengthening local environmental rule of law,which further influences th
24、e regional environmental quality and economic growth.On the one hand,the empirical results from the perspective of corporate IV华中科技大学博士学位论文environmental behavior show that,CI EP can exert significant influence on enterprises5 environmental decision-making,and by strengthening local environmental rul
25、e of law,a long-term mechanism can be formed to deter pollution violations,thus promoting the significant increase of enterprise environmental protection investment.I n addition,with the improvement of enterprises environmental behavior,CI EP has promoted the reduction of pollutant emission,which is
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