用ADS设计功率放大器.pdf
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用ADS设计 功率放大器EEsofCheng-cheng,Xie Application EngineerEEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieFeb,16,20060:Agilent TechnologiesPage 1主要内容:PA的主要指标 DC分析 偏置电路的建立 稳定性分析 输入输出匹配电路设计 优化设计 Layout PI4DQPSK调制下测试ACPREEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieFeb,16,2006,0;Agilent TechnologiesPage 2PA的主要指标 工作频带 稳定性 稳定系数K 输出功率 饱和功率(Psat 1dB压缩点输出功率(P.O 增益、增益平坦度 效率 功率效率=射频输出功率-射频输入功率功率附加效率”闻一 直流输入功率 线性度 三阶交调系数IM3五阶交调系数IM5二次、三次谐波ACPR AltCPR Alternate CPR,输入输出驻波比EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie,0;Agilent TechnologiesPage 3Feb,16,2006指标实例 输出功率:50 W(47dBm)输入功率:1 W 效率(n)50%二次谐波抑制:40dBC 偏置电压:28 V 选用放大器:MRF9045MEEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieFeb,16,2006,0;Agilent TechnologiesPage 4DC仿真FET Curve Tracer+VARVAR1VDS=0 VVGS=0 VLDC SRC1 Vdc=VDSQ ftVdc=VGSFSL_MRF_MET_MODELMRF1MODEL=MRF9045M工PARAMETER SWEEPHaram bweepSweeplSweepVar=VGSSimlnstanceName1=DC1SimlnstanceName2=SimlnstanceName3=SimlnstanceName4=Sim lnstanceName5=ceName6DisplayTemplate disptempl FET_curve_tracerStart=2.5Stop=5.0Step=0.1Vd扫描范围EEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieFeb,16,20060:Agilent TechnologiesPage 5DC仿真0)pl B OEqnEqnEqnPout=50Vsat=indep(VDsat)Vq=indep(IQ)Vmax=indep(m3)EqnImin=m3Eqnlq=IQVDsat VDS=0.600 IDS.i=0.562VGS=3.800000IQ VDS=28.000 IDS.i=0.717 VGS=3.800000m3 VDS=33.000 IDS.i=0.055 VGS=3.100000gnEqnEqnRL=0.5*(Vq-Vsat)*2)/PoutLoad_Li ne=(V m ax-V DS)/RL+1 m i nPq=lq*VqPqRL20.0897.508从负载曲线可以看出,此 放大器工作于AB类。EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie:决 Agilent TechnologiesPage 6Feb,16,2006按DC仿真结果添加偏置电路、封装放大器MLINTL20Subst=MSub1W=63.668898 milL=100 milMLINTL21Subst=MSub1W=63.668898 milL=100 milo-PortP3Num=3sc spr 293D A025 X9 19960828C19PART_NUM=293D474X9025A2 0.47uFsc_mrt_MC_G RM40C0G050_D_19960828C20P ART_NUM=G RM40C0G100D050 10pFsc_mrt_MC_G RM40C0G 050_J_19960828 C25PART_NUM=G RM40C0G 330J050 33pFMLINTL1Subst=MSub1 W=63.670079 mil L=2194.444882 milsr_avx_CR_10_K_19960828R13PART_NUM=CR10-150K 15 OhmTl-sc_mrt_MC_G RM40CX)G050J_1996082808PART_NUM=G RM40C0G330J050 33pFVDoPortP2Num=2OHI-Port sc_mrt_MCjG RM40C0G050J_19960828P1 C7Num=1 PART_NUM=G RM40C0G 330J050 33pFVGsc_mrt_MC_G RM40C0G050J _19960828C3PART_NUM=G RM40C0G330J050 33pFDVJsr_avx_CR_10_K_19960828R12PART_NUM=CR10-680K 68 OhmFSL_MRF_MET_MODELMRF1MODEL=MRF9045MTSNK=25RTH=-1CTH=-1MLINTl_22Subst=MSub1W=63.668898 milL=100milMLINTL23Subst=MSub1W=63.668898 milL=100 milslJok_LI_2012-F J_19960828l.2PART_NUM=LL2012-F82NJ 82 nHMSUBMSublH=33.6 milEr=4.2o-PortP4Num=4-I-l=ksc_spr_293D_A025_X9_19960828C24*PART_NUM=293D474X9025A2 0.47uF-i-l=k-sc_mrt_MC_G RM40C0G050_D_19960828 C23;PART_NUM=GRM40C0G100D050 10pFsc_mrt_MC_G RM40C0G050_J_19960828C17PART_NUM=G RM40C0G 330J050 33pFMur=1Cond=5.8E+08Hu=3.9e+034 milT=2.8 milTanD=0.002 Rough=0 milMRF9045M_AMIX4EEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieFeb,16,20060:Agilent TechnologiesPage 7稳定性测试Term R3 Num=2Z=50 Ohm函 S-PARAMETERSS ParamSP2Start=1 MHzStop3000 MHzStep=.0 WUhlUFSL TKH 1NCLUOEFSL_TECH_NCLUDEF71喙I 值I1 I VDD 1 I VLobeDDLProbe tGG1*IStabFact StabFact!;tabMeas1=stab_meas(S)MuRrime/AMMrtel=mu_prime(S)n=V_DC SRC1 Vdc=VDSimV_DC SRC2 Vdc=VGSVARVAR3VDS-28 VVGS=3.8 V两组稳定性判定函 数任取一组即可、;.EEsol.Cheng-cheng.Xie营Agilent TechnologiesPage 8Feb.16.2006稳定性判定1freo.GHzAgilent TechnologiesEEsof,Cheng-cheng,XiePage 9Feb,16,2006输出阻抗匹配电路要求 损耗低 谐波抑制度高 改善驻波比 提高输出功率 增加放大器效率 改善非线性EEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieFeb,16,2006,0;Agilent TechnologiesPage 10LoadPull Setup插入DesignGuide/LoadPull/One Tone LoadPull Simulation,并替换放大器模型One Tone Load Pull Simulation;output power and PAE found at each fundamental load impedance&V_DC JF SRC2Vdc=Vlowl_ProbeI ProbeVs_highV_DC SRC1 Vdc=VhighSpecify desired Fundamental Load Tuner coverage:s11_rho is the radius of the circle of reflection coefficients simulated.However,the radius of the circle will be reduced if it would otherwise go outside the Smith chart.If you want to override this and allow reflection coefficients outside the Smith chart,edit the SweepEquations VAR block,and set max_rho=mag(s 11 _rho)s11_center is the center of the circle of simulated reflection coefficients pts Is total number of reflection coefficients simulatedZO is the system reference impedanceVARSweepEq uations s11_rho=0.75 s11_center=-0.6+j*0.2 pts=100 Z0=50rriP_1Tone L*JPORTI|F|Num=1 Z=Z_s P=dbmtow(Pavs):rea=RFfreaC1C=1.0uFVADS_MOS ADSMOS1小C2C=1.0uFI I l_Probe 1 I 110aM o adSet these values:rm VAR 1STIMULUSPavs=10_dBmRFfreq=850 MHzVhigh=5.8Vlow=2M odel=ads mosWtot=(704e-6)*cellsN=8*cellsS1P_EqnS1S1,1=LoadTunerZ1=Z0PARAMETER SWEEPSweep2HARMONIC BALANCElOmcbalanceHB1Freq 1=RFf req Order1=9ADS_MOS_Model ads mosFile=motorol a_mosfet_hVAR1cells=28Set Load and Source impedances at harmonic frequencies rwi VAR kflJVAR2ZJ_2=Z0+j*0ZJ_3=Z0+j*0ZJ_4=Z0+j*0ZJ_5=Z0+j*0 Z_s_fund=10+j*0 Z_s_2=Z0+j*0 Z_s_3=Z0+j*0 Z_s_4=Z0+j*0 Z_s_5=Z0+j*0global ImpedanceEquationsRefer to the PowerPoint(TM)presentation LoadPullPres.ppt within this example project directory for a detailed explanation of these load pull simulation setups.EEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieFeb,16,2006,0;Agilent TechnologiesPage 11综合PAE、PdeL选取最佳输出匹配阻抗Simulated LoadReflection CoefficientssgdEBS。Move Marker m3 to select impedance value and corresponding PAE and delivered power values.Impedance at marker m32.264+j3.833PAE,%5048Power Delivered(dBm)44.44m3realjndexsl 1=-0-.Q3surf ace_samples=0.914/171.215 imagjndexsl 1=0.139568impedance=Z0*(0.045+j0.077)、;EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie*:,Agilent TechnologiesPage 12*:*Feb,16,2006在SmithChart上进行输出阻抗匹配2.3-j*3.8EEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieFeb,16,2006.a:决 Agilent TechnologiesPage 13验证输出阻抗匹配653Term Terml Num=1Z=50 OhmDA_Sm ithChartMatch 1 _output_m atch_designDA_SmithChartMatch1F=760 MHzZs=50 OhmZI=(2.300-j*3.900)OhmTerm Term2 Num=2 Z=2.3-j*3.8S-PARAMETERScC1C=12.975203 pFO-PortP1Num=1TLINTL1Z=50 Ohm 38.891F=760 MHzy2TLINTL2Z=50 OhmE=32.25F=760 MHz0=2.307137 pFS_ParamSP1Start=0.11 GHzStop=3.0 GHzStep=0.025 GHzCC3TLINTL3Z=22.85 OhmE=25.92F=760 MHzoPortP2Num=2C=27.689016pFEEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie0:Agilent TechnologiesPage 14Feb,16,2006输出阻抗匹配仿真结果可见,在760MHz时,对已知的阻抗匹配良好freq(110.0MHz to 3.000GHz)1711freq=760.0MHzS(2,2)=0.013/136.415 impedanceJ910Tx01869EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie,0;Agilent TechnologiesPage 15Feb,16,2006在输出阻抗匹配情况下进行SourcePullSimulated Source ImpedancessgdluBS晅 nsrealjndexsl 1(-0.993 to-0.507)Move Marker m3 to select impedance value and corresponding PAE and delivered power values.Impedance at marker m30.924+j2.600PAE,%5143Power Delivered(dBm)4607m3realjndexsl 1=-D9ffiB9surf ace_samples=0.964/174.044imag_indexs11=0.100000impedance=Z0*(0.018+j0.052)、;EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xiep$:决 Agilent TechnologiesFeb,16,2006将输入输出匹配网络替换为真实值MSubMSUBMSublH=33.6 milEr=4.2Mur=1Cond=5.8E+08Hu=3.9e+034 milT=2.8milTanD=0.002Roug h=0 milMLINTL16Subst=MSub1W=63.670079 milL=205.546063 milMLINTL18Subst=MSub1W=63.670079 milL=802.433071 milMLINTL17Subst=MSub1W=199.971654 milL=414.385827 milO-If-HZZFsc_mrt_MC_GRM40C0G050_D_19960828Q24Num=1 PART_NUM=GRM40C0G090D050 9pFsc_mrt_MC_GRM40C0G050_C_19960828Q25 PART_NUM=GRM40C0G020C0502pF,sc_mrt_M C_G R M 40C0G050_J_19960828 C26*PART_NUM=GRM40C0G220J050 22pFoPortP2Num=2EEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieFeb,16,20060:Agilent TechnologiesPage 17扫描输入功率V_DC SRC1 Vdc=VDSQP J Tone PORT1 Num=1 Z=50.0 OhmP=dbmtow(Pin)Freq=foVdc=LProbe linVARVAR2fo=760.0 MHzFSL.TECHJNCLUDEFSL_TECHJNCLUDEFTIinput_match 上X5 MR:9045M.AMPX4nVARVAR1VDS=28 VVGS=3.8 VPin=30 ioutput.matchX3fLI_ProbeHoad vioadV_DC SRC2 Vdc=VGSHARMONIC BALANCEHamnonicBalanceHB1Freq1=foRR1R=50 OhmEEsof.Chengcheng.XieAgilent TechnologiesPage 18Feb.16.2006输出功率曲线EqnPdel_Watts=real(0.5*Vload1*conj(lload.i1)EqnPdel_dBm=10*log10(Pdel_Watts)+30EmpopdOutput Pin=30,000 Pdel dBmPin输出功率尚未 达到指标要求EEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieAgilent TechnologiesPage 19Feb,16,2006增益压缩曲线EqnGp=Pdel_dBm-PinLinearGain1816LinearGain Pin=-10.000 Gp=17.341d。ln、;EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xiep 20:决 Agilent TechnologiesFeb,16,2006功率附加效率曲线EqnEqnPavs_Watts=10*(Pin-30)/10)PAE=100*(Pdel_W atts-Pavs_W atts)/Pdc山4dml Pin=30.000 PAE=49,618EEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieAgilent TechnologiesPage 21Feb,16,2006输出电压、电流曲线可以观察到 一定的失真二V(将。)slo000c 40-000000m4-30-20-10 0 10 20 30EqnPin_idx=find_inSex(Pin5m4)Fundfreq=760.0MHzdBm(VloadPinJdx/J)=4515ToP2Tfreq=1.520GHzdBm(VloadPinJdx,:)=-7.032(7:EmpEEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieAgilent TechnologiesPage 23Feb,16,2006完善匹配网络为减小传输线的不连续性,加入MTaperMTAPERTaperiSubst=MSub1”W1=199.971654 milW2=63.670079 milL=100.0 milEEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieFeb,16,2006,0;Agilent TechnologiesPage 24电路优化设置津|TIM|Optim Optiml OptimType=Gradient Maxlters=25DesiredError=00 FinalAnalysis=wNoneH NormalizeGoals=no SetBestValues=yes SaveSolns=yes SaveGoals=yes SaveOptimVars=no UpdateDataset=yes SaveNominal=no SaveAIIIterations=no UseAIIOptVars=yes UseAIIGoals=yes SaveCurrentEF=noGOAL|GOAL|GoalGoallExpr=0dBm(Vload1rSimInstanceName=,HB1Min=47.0Max=Weight=RangeVar1=RangeMin1=RangeMax(1=GoalGoal2Expr=dBm(Vload2)dBm(Vload)”SimInstanceName=,HB1,Min=Max=-40Weight=RangeVar1=RangeMin1=RangeMax1=EEiof.Chengcheng.XieFeb.16.2006Page 25母Agilent Technologies优化变量设置设置电路原理图中所有微带线长度为优化变量MLINTL15Subst=MSub1nW=63.670079 milL=247.144 mil opt 50 mil to 500 milEEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieFeb,16,2006,0;Agilent TechnologiesPage 26观察优化结果InitialEFFinalEF67.1870.000optlterGoallGoal21047.003-40.017Initial and optimal transmission line lengths,in meters:optlter.TIM.TL10.L.TIM.TL15.L.TIM.TL30.L.TIM.TL31.L.TIM.TL32.L.TIM.TL39.LOPTIM.TL7.LOPTIM.TL8.LOPTIM.TL9.L100.0060.0060.0060.0060.0200.0210.0110.0050.0050.0050.0560.0140.0070.0080.0110.0160.0060.006Optimal transmission line lengths,in mils:optlter.TL10.L*CF.TL15.L*CF.TL30.L*CF/TTL31,CCF.:TL32.L*CF L1=二=Ewp必Eoopfreq,KHzModulator Ouput Trajectory Diagramtime(O.OOOOsec to 4.115msec)、;EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie90:Agilent TechnologiesPage 37Feb,16,2006升余弦滤波器输出频谱、轨迹图Raised Cosine Filter Output Spectrum(CSB4=EEU必EcnpRaised Cosine Filter Ouput Trajectory Diagram.;.EEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieAgilent TechnologiesPage 38Feb,16,2006功放输出频谱、轨迹图Power Amplifier Output Spectrumo o o2 4(cSQ工二宣no)SJ)wcop-60一-80-100 一-120-150-100-50 050 100 150等0freq,KHzPower Amplifier Ouput Trajectory Diagram、;EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie90:Agilent TechnologiesPage 39Feb,16,2006信道频谱EqnUpperChSpectrum=dBm(fs(mix(Vupper5151)EqnMainChSpectrum=dBm(fs(mix(Vmain5151)EqnLowerChSpectrum=dBm(fs(mix(Vlower5151)EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie,0;Agilent TechnologiesPage 40Feb,16,2006频谱图Post Raised Cosine Filter Spectra-20luruo d s u。d d n Lurul。ds5-u-s.Luruo d s&M o,EEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieAgilent TechnologiesPage 41Feb,16,2006计算信道功率|寄|MeasEqnChannel_PowersCh_power_Upper_dBm=10*log(channel_power_vr(mix(VupperJ1,1),50,13.6 kHz,46.4 kHz,Kaiser)+30Ch_power_Main_dBm=10*log(channel_power_vr(mix(Vmain,1,1),50,-16.4 kHz,16.4 kHz,Kaiser)+30Ch_power_Lower_dBm=10*log(channel_power_vr(mix(Vlower,151),50,-46.4 kHz,-13.6 kHz,Kaiser)+30计算左右信道ACPR雷 MeasEqnAC PR_Measu re meritsACPR_upper_dB=Ch_power_Upper_dBm-Ch_power_Main_dBmACPR lower dB=Ch power Lower dBm-Ch power Main dBm、丁0:Agilent TechnologiesEEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieFeb,16,2006Page 42功率放大器在PI4DQPSK调制下的ACPRC h_p owe r_Lowe r_d B mC h_powe r_Main_d B mCh_power_Upper_dBm-40.437-6.106-41.336ACPRJower_dBACPR_upper_dB-34.331-35.230、;EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie0:Agilent TechnologiesPage 43Feb,16,2006Ptolemy环境下进行 CosimulationSpectrumAnalyzerS9Plot=NoneRLoad=DefaultRLoadStart=DefaultTi meStart Stop=DefaultTimeStop Window=noneWindowConstant=0.0PATimedSinkRFJnPlot=RectangularStart=DefaultTi meStart Stop=DefaultTimeStop ControlSimulation=YESTimedSinkQoutPlot=Rectangular Start=DefaultT i meStartStop=DefaultTimeStop ControlSimulation=YESQAM_srcX2 Pc=PowSplitterRF S10MRF9045M_AMP.X1SplitterRFS7Matched LossM1Loss=17.0PhaseShiftRFP1PhaseShift=360-168一咎 vOutShort 01 OutFreq=FcQAM SourceQAM_DemodQ2RefFreq=FcSensitivity=0.1*(10*(25-Pow)/20)Phase=0.0Gainlmbalance=0.0Phaselmbalance=0.0TimedSinkloutPlot=RectangularStart=DefaultTi meStartStop=DefaultTimeStopControlSimulation=YESTimedSinkRF_outPlot=RectangularStart=Def aul tT i meStartStop=DefaultTimeStop ControlSimulation=YESSpectrumAnalyzerS8Plot=NoneRLoad=DefaultRLoadStart=DefaultTimeStart Stop=DefaultTimeStop Window=noneWi ndowConstant=0.0EEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieFeb,16,20060:Agilent TechnologiesPage 44Cosimulation 频谱图Carrier Power25 dBmCarrier Power30 dBmfreq,MHzEEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieFeb,16,2006,0;Agilent TechnologiesPage 45Cosimulation 星座图Carrier PowerCarrier Power25 dBm30 dBmEEsof,Cheng-cheng,XieFeb,16,2006,0;Agilent TechnologiesPage 46功率变化对EVM的影响国VARVAR3Tstep=1/(bit_rate*oversample)Tstop=num_bits/bit_rateFc=760 MHzPow=30 _dBm同VARVAR2bit_rate=1.0 MHz oversample=4 num_bits=4096*4RESR2R=50 OhmQAM_src SplitterRFX2 S7Pc=PowPARAMETER SWEEPSimeName4Param SweepSweeplSweepVar=PowSimlnstanceName1=DF1SimlnstanceName2=kQlnstanceName3DFDFDF1DefaultNumericStart=ODefaultNumericStop=100DefaultTimeStart=O DefaultTimeStop=Tstop SavedEquationName1=Tstep11-EVM_WithRefE2StartSym=10SymBurstLen=1024SampPerSym=16 SymDelayBound=-1 NumBursts=2MeasType=EVM_rmsSymbolRate=0.25 MHzRESR1R=50 OhmSimlnstanceName5=SimlnstanceName6=Start=18Stop=30Step=1、;EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie90:Agilent TechnologiesPage 47Feb,16,2006功率变化对EVM的影响(2 EVM vs.Carrier PowerPower(dBm)、;EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie*:,Agilent TechnologiesPage 48;Feb,16,2006ADS和VSA的连接VSA_89600_1_SnkV2VSATtle=BeforeFAraep=lstepSanplesFbrSynrbokl 6SetupFUDADRpjectWMQiectWMQiectIVRraQO/LFAJTburjorNdataMDeforeLFA.set”FtetoreHAWSetReqRop=NOX2Fb=Fbw01OutReq=FcARK VSA_89600_1_SnkRI V1ft50Chm VSATtlAfterFAraep=lstepSanplesFbrSyiTbol=16SetupFile=DAD5_RojectWprojectWprQjectl/RF9045l/LFAJk)ur_prjdataR_plemDd.serFtestorel4/JIOSetReqRop=NORSLJHH_INCLUDEFTIDFDF1tefauftNjmericStartO faultNjmericStop=100 MaultTmeStartOfaulfnmeStop=Tstop SavedEquationlhme1=step.VARVAR3lstep=1/(bit_rate*oversanple)lstopumj3its/bit_rate出=760册Fbw=30_dBm.VARVAR2bit_rate=1.0 M-toversairple=4 num_bits=1024*16EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie:0:Agilent TechnologiesPage 49Feb,16,2006分析信号源输出RBW:777,003 HzTimeLen:4.9155 mSecQ-Eye-1200 m/divC:Ch1 16QAM Meas Time1Range:1 VStart:-1 symStop:1 symD:Ch1 16QAM Syms/ErrsRange:1 V=45,324=0.002EVM=403.651.0520Mag Err=287.16mrms991.93Phase Err=310.51mdeg-1.5483 1Freq Err=835.18uHzIQ Offset=-101.154dBSNR(MER)Quad Err=15.344mdegGain I mb力pk m%pk deg pko o o o o 4 8 2 6o o o o o4 8 2 6 02 2 3 3 4197D248A 344C16DD CF05EA90 45873E1B 0F9BF54A AFD7C213D34F5675 9F0FC2D1 9135C08AB8188504 563A04B05BA1DF48 47DC0A81 4A151461 2E63DBB8 F6FD4C17 6E9651F8 6FDD90F4 5A05B661 6E9F2856 8FB45E27 961FF2476C80FB95 B05458M 808C5868 C2F6CE97 E5E1894222EE4D78 2FF2E97E C0063D55 43143224 576B2ED1C804F46954A7D123 CD870DC0 F914EA59 F85652FB2DE7BABD D56760AC D6AE46F0 5FE5B4279CB28DA1 FFA9837E E02A19C70BC308F6 C1D068CA 233818E7 4FDEC3BD D8B3D039 53A31674 D57ACED9 37D5D9AD0DE45976AFBEC4420CAF987AAgilent TechnologiesEEsof,Cheng-cheng,XiePage 50Feb,16,2006分析PA放大后的信号Start:-1$ym Stop:1 symD:Ch1 16QAM Syms/Errs Range:1 VEVM=11.489由ms27.963%pk atMag Err=7.9600为ms21.915%pk atPhase Err=8.6000deg36.100deg pk atFreq Err=192.50mHzIQ Offset=-41.828dBSNR(MER)=16.159Quad Err=-7.8609mdegGain I mb=0.014RBW:777.003 Hz TimeLen:4.9155 mSec0408012016020024028032036040044048066DFFE18 8B8B5A2D 5A232FF6 3ADFA171 0MEA5F6 3CA2F6DF1F82A57A 63FBEB57ED621702 F1820853 7AC35C1B 664B75CD27037750140EE6D9 C68A6CB1 15FFF116 68EAD64B 36542032 6166AB3F 2316A23B EA397E37 27F9CA02 73197FD0 538D6FD0 D6C5AFD9 96AD315E C9F3ACD6 DCDFAC5A 8386B1D2 716603M E31FE0AE 74BEABB7 E377D629 BEB7FD62- 配套讲稿:
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4、如你看到网页展示的文档有www.zixin.com.cn水印,是因预览和防盗链等技术需要对页面进行转换压缩成图而已,我们并不对上传的文档进行任何编辑或修改,文档下载后都不会有水印标识(原文档上传前个别存留的除外),下载后原文更清晰;试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓;PPT和DOC文档可被视为“模板”,允许上传人保留章节、目录结构的情况下删减部份的内容;PDF文档不管是原文档转换或图片扫描而得,本站不作要求视为允许,下载前自行私信或留言给上传者【曲****】。
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1、咨信平台为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,收益归上传人(含作者)所有;本站仅是提供信息存储空间和展示预览,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容不做任何修改或编辑。所展示的作品文档包括内容和图片全部来源于网络用户和作者上传投稿,我们不确定上传用户享有完全著作权,根据《信息网络传播权保护条例》,如果侵犯了您的版权、权益或隐私,请联系我们,核实后会尽快下架及时删除,并可随时和客服了解处理情况,尊重保护知识产权我们共同努力。
2、文档的总页数、文档格式和文档大小以系统显示为准(内容中显示的页数不一定正确),网站客服只以系统显示的页数、文件格式、文档大小作为仲裁依据,个别因单元格分列造成显示页码不一将协商解决,平台无法对文档的真实性、完整性、权威性、准确性、专业性及其观点立场做任何保证或承诺,下载前须认真查看,确认无误后再购买,务必慎重购买;若有违法违纪将进行移交司法处理,若涉侵权平台将进行基本处罚并下架。
3、本站所有内容均由用户上传,付费前请自行鉴别,如您付费,意味着您已接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不进行额外附加服务,虚拟产品一经售出概不退款(未进行购买下载可退充值款),文档一经付费(服务费)、不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
4、如你看到网页展示的文档有www.zixin.com.cn水印,是因预览和防盗链等技术需要对页面进行转换压缩成图而已,我们并不对上传的文档进行任何编辑或修改,文档下载后都不会有水印标识(原文档上传前个别存留的除外),下载后原文更清晰;试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓;PPT和DOC文档可被视为“模板”,允许上传人保留章节、目录结构的情况下删减部份的内容;PDF文档不管是原文档转换或图片扫描而得,本站不作要求视为允许,下载前自行私信或留言给上传者【曲****】。
5、本文档所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用;网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽--等)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
6、文档遇到问题,请及时私信或留言给本站上传会员【曲****】,需本站解决可联系【 微信客服】、【 QQ客服】,若有其他问题请点击或扫码反馈【 服务填表】;文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“【 版权申诉】”(推荐),意见反馈和侵权处理邮箱:1219186828@qq.com;也可以拔打客服电话:4008-655-100;投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100。
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