小学英语语法 比较级和最高级的用法.pdf

小学英语语法比较级和最高级的用法英语语法-比较级和最高级的用法在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词:在形容词或副词前加 more(如 more natural,more clearly)或力口后缀-er(newer,sooner)o典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量 或关系的增加。英语句子中，将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较 句型”。其中，像“A比B更”的表达方式称为比较级；而“A最”的表达方式则称为最高级。组成句子的方式是将形 容词或副词变化成比较级或最高级的形态。一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1.一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词，比较 级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;(1)单音节词如：smallsmallersmallest shortshorter shortesttalltallertallest great-greater-greatest(2)双音节词如：clever-cleverer-cleverest narrownarrower narrowest2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st;如:largelarger-largest nicenicernicest able abler-ablest3.在重读闭音节（即：辅音+元音+辅音）中，先双写末 尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er,最高级加-est;如:bigf bigger-biggest hoWhotter-hottest fat fatterfattest4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i,比 较级加-er,最高级加-est;如:easy-easierf easiest heavyheavier-heaviestbusy-busier-busiest happy-happier-happiest5.其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more,最 高级在前面加most;如:beautiful-more beautiful-most beautifuldifferentmore differentmost differenteasily-more easily-most easily注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词 最高级前可不用。例句：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.（2）形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.6.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必 须熟记。如:good-better-best well-better-bestbad-worseworst ill-worseworstold-bolder/elder-boldest/eldestmany/muchmoremost littlelessleastfar-further/farther-furthest/farthest二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1.“A+be+形容词比较级+than+B”意思为“A比 B 更.”。如:This tree is taller than that one.这棵树比那棵树高。注意：在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是 同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”。如:A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.very,quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。2.“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+原 级”表示“越来越”如:It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。It is getting cooler and cooler.天气越来越凉爽。The wind became more and more heavily.风变得越来越大。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的学校变得越来越美丽。3.在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的 形容词要用比较级形式。如:Who is taller?Tim or Tom?谁更高，Tim 还是 Tom?4.“the+比较级,the+比较级”，表示“越越 The more money you make,the more you spend.钱你赚得越多，花得越多。The sooner,the better.越快越好。5.表示倍数的比较级用法：.A is-times the size/height/length/width of B.如:The new building is three times the height of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。（新楼是旧楼的四倍高），A is times as big/high/long/wide/large as B.如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。（亚洲比欧洲大三倍），A is times larger/higher/longer/wider than B.如:Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上 人或事物的比较，表示“最”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three,in our class等等。如:He is the tallest in our class.他在我们班里是最高的。7.否定词语+比较级，否定词语+soas”结构表示最高 级含义。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.8.比较级与最高级的转换：Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class7.修饰比较级和最高级的词1）可修饰比较级的词.a bit,a little,rather,much,far,by far,many,a lot,lots,a great deal,any,still,even 等。.还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。.以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的 前面。注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。（错）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.（对）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2）下列词可修饰最高级：by far,far,much,mostly,almost oThis hat is nearly/almost the biggest.注意：a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.8.要避免重复使用比较级。（错）He is more cleverer than his brother.（对）He is more clever than his brother.（对）He is cleverer than his brother.9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。（错）China is larger that any country in Asia.（对）China is larger than any other country in Asia.10.要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.11.要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有 名词。比较：Which is larger,Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country,Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.三.典型例题1）Are you feeling?-Yes,Pm fine now.A.any well B.any better C.quite goodD.quite better答案：B.any可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.2)The experiment was easier than we hadexpected.A.more B.much more C.muchD.more much答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B,C都说得通，但 easier本身已是比较级，不需more,因此C为正确答案。3)If there were no examinations,we should have at school.A.the happiest time B.a more happier timeC.much happiest time D.a much happier time答案：Do比较级和最高级的用法1.两者相比(甲=乙)，用“as+原级+as”表示Tom is as tall as Mike.2.两者相比(甲乙)，用“not as(so)+原级+as”或“less than”表示I didn,t do my homework so(as)carefully as you.The picture is less attractive than that one.3.两者相比(甲乙)，用“比较级+than”表示 Our city is more beautiful than any other city in our country.注意：1）为了避免重复，在从句中常用one,that,those等词 来代替前面提过的名词。The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory.2）比较等级应注意避免和包括自己的对象比。比较级+than+any other+单数名词all the other+复数名词anyone elseany of the other+复数名词3）如果形容词作定语修饰一个单数可数名词，一般将不定冠词 a/an放在形容词之后。Our neighbour has ours.A.as a big house asB.as big a house asC.the same big house asD.house the same big as4）比较级前一般不用冠词，但若表示“两者中较时”。比 较级前要加定冠词。若比较级后有名词，常在比较级前加不定冠 词，表示泛指。E.g.他是两者中较高的一个He is the taller of the two.她唱得真动听！我可从未听过比这更好的嗓音了。How beautifully she sings!I have never heard a better voice.4.三者或三者以上相比，表示最高级时，用“the+最高级”的 结构表示，这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.That was the least exciting football game I ve ever watched.This hotel is the most comfortable I ve ever stayed.注意：当最高级的前面无限定词the或有不定冠词a/an时，仅 表示“很，非常”Monday is my busiest day.星期一是我很忙的一天。Qingdao is a most(very)beautiful coastal city.青岛是一个非常美丽的海滨城市。比较级的一些其他用法1倍数表示方法a)倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+asb)倍数+形容词/副词比较级+thanc)倍数+the+n.+ofThis rope is three times longer than that one.This rope is three times as long as that one.This rope is three times the length of that one.2用形容词比较级的否定形式，从反面来表示最高级，通常译为“没有比更”No other book has a greater effect on my life.没有哪一本书比这本书对我的影响更大的了。=This book has the greatest effect on my life.考例：一Go for a picnic this weekend,OK?.I love getting close to nature.A.I couldn,t agree more B.m afraid not.C.I believe not D.I don,t think so.3 more and more 越来越.Our city is getting bigger and bigger.Our city is getting more and more beautiful.4 the morethe more 越.就越.The more you study,the more you know.The busier the old man is,the happier he feels.The more intelligent students are,the more quickly they understand ideas.5可用下列词来修饰形容词的比较级much a lo2010学年度第二学期小学三年级英语期末综合练习卷(全卷共6页，在7。分钟内完成)学校：_ 班别：_ 姓名：_ 学号:项目听力部分60%笔试部分50%总分总分等级题号-三四五六七八九十十十十十四得分一、听读单词或短语三次，将所读内容的大写字母编号写在相应 图下的括号内。(15分)二、听读单词或短语三次，选出所听到的内容，并把其大写字母 编号写在前面的括号内。(15分)()1.A.cow B.mouse C.man()2.A.a lamp B.a wardrobe C.a boardrubber()3.A.English B.England C.America()4.A.between the books B.beside the booksC.behind the books()5.A.pretty gril B.tall man C.strong man()6.A.in the bathroom B.in the bedroom C.in the kitchen()7.A.a short tail B.a long tail C.a short leg()8.A.between the shelf and the stoolB.between the shelf and the tape recorderC.between the chair and the tape recorder()9.A.uncle B.brother C.cousin()10 A.behind B.in front of C.under三、听读句子三次，判断老师所读的内容是否与图一致，如果一 致请在括号内写 T,否则写F”。(1。分)四、听读句子三次，根据首字母提示，写出句子中单词所缺的字母。（5分）1.A:Who,s the girl with short hair?B:She smy a marry.2.A:What s in your 1?sofa and a TV.3.A:Do you have a p?turtle.4.A:Where s he from?B:There s aB:Yes,I have aB:He s CHe s from China.5.This is our playground.Those are our c.五、听问句三次，选出正确的答语，并把其字母编号写在括号内。(1。分)()l.A:He s my brother B:She s my sisterC:It,s a turtle()2.A:Yes,there are.B:Yes,there is.C:There are six.()3.A:He s from Japan B:They re from chinaC:I m Chinese.()4.A:Yes,he is.B:Yes,I do C:Yes,she is.()5.A:NO,there aren,t.B:Yes,they are C:Yes,there is.六、听短文三次，判断下列句子是否符合短文内容，如符合请在 括号内写“T”，否则写“F”o(5分)()1.There is a swimming pool in our school.()2.The teacherJ s room is in the Building 3.()3.The canteen is between the teacherJ room andthe library.()4.The library is opposite the headmasterJ office.()5.We have PE lesson on the playground.七、看图将单词所缺的字母补充完整。(1。分)6.ktch_n 7.rbbit 8.b_Iding 9.c_mputer10.h_se人 找出每组单词中不同类的词 把其字母编号写在括号内。（2.5 分）()l.A.turtleB.chicken C.kitchen D.dog()2.A.inB.under C.nearD.corner()3.A.brother B.family()4.A.mouse B.bedroomC uncle D.auntC.bathroom D.livingroom()5.A:ChinaB.JapanC.GermanD.Amercia九、看图，指出下列句子是否符合图意，如符合，在括号内写，否则写“F”。（5分）()1.There are there ducks.()2.This is a Chinese stamp.()3.I have a cat and a dog.()4.This is a playground.()5.There aren,t any cookies in the box.()6.This is a Japanese flag.()7.That s a bathroom.()8.There are two chairs.()9.Those are geese.()10.She is a slim woman.十、根据题意选择正确选项，并将其字母编号填在括号内。(2.5 分)()1.The flowerbed is front of the building.A.in B.under c.on()2.A:What s on the wall?B:A.A bed B.A chair c.A map()3.classrooms in your school?A.What B.How many c.Where()4.Come and sit me on the sofa.A.with B.near c.between()5.It four legs and a short tail.A.have B.is c.has十一、读小对话三次，将对话的阿拉伯数字编号写在相应图的括号内。(6分)1.A:Is that a goat?2.A:Where is he?3.A:What s that?4.A:Where is the sofa?5.A:Who is she?B:Yes,it is.B:He s in the study.B:It s a house.B:It,s in the living.B:She is my sister.十二、根据实际情况回答问题。（4分）1.Is your hair long?2.Do you have a shelf in your bedroom?3.Where are you from?4.Are there any flowerbeds in your school?十三、选择适当的单词填空将对话补充完整。(5分)(watch kitchen with cookies in)Xiaoling:Come.LetJ s TV in the living room.Janet:OK.Xiaoling:Come and sit me on the sofa.Janet:Thanks.Xiaoling:Mum,Are there any?Mum:Yes,there on the table in the 十四、阅读短文，判断下列句子是否符合短文内容，如符合写，否则写“F”。(5分)My name is Chen Jiamin.I am from china.I have a sister.Her name is Chen Meimei.Meimei is a lovely girl.My mother is a pretty woman.She is a teacher.My father is very tall.He is a teacher too.I have a cute rabbit.we all like it very much.()1.Chen Jiamin is a Japanese boy.()2.Chen Meimei has a brother.()3.JiaminJ s mother is a teacher.()4.JiaminJ s father isn,t tall.）5.They all like the rabbit very much.2010学年度第二学期小学三年级英语期末质量检测卷（听力材料）一、听读单词或短语三次，将所读内容的大写字母编号写在相应 图下的括号内。（15分）A.our kitchen B.in the study C.a cow D.a dictionaryE.my teacher F.a tape recorder G.a bird H.a fridgeI.a big rabbit J.a new computer二、听读单词或短语三次，选出所听到的内容，并把其大写字母 编号写在前面的括号内。（15分）1.a small mouse 2.a board rubber 3.anEnglish teacher4.between the books 5.a tall man 6.in the kitchen7.a long tail 8.between the shelf and the taperecorder9.her uncle 10.in front of三、听读句子三次，判断老师所读的内容是否与图一致，如果一 致请在括号内写“T”，否则写“F”o（10分）l.The house has a long tail.2.This is the bedroom.3.1 have a trutle.5.I am from Canada.7.There are two glasses,pool.9.This is a chair.4.This is a building.6.This is our classroom.8.ThatJ s a swimming10.This is a sofa.四、听读句子三次，根据首字母提示，写出句子中单词所缺的字 母。（5分）1.A:Who s the girl with short hair?B:She s my aunt,marry.2.A:What s in your living room_?B:ThereJ s a sofa and a TV.3.A:Do you have a pet?B:Yes,I have aturtle.4.A:WhereJ s he from?B:He sChinese.He,s from China.5.This is our playground.Those are our classrooms.五、听问句三次，选出正确的答语，并把其字母编号写在括号内。（10 分）l.Who s she?2.How many ducks do youhave?3.Where are they from?4.Is he your uncle?5.Are there any cookies in the box?六、听短文三次，判断下列句子是否符合短文内容，如符合请在 括号内写“T”，否则写“F”。（5分）Hello!Welcome to visit our school!This is our swimming pool.Those are the school buildings.And the teacherJ s room is in the Building 1.That s the canteen.It s between the teacher room and the library.And the library is opposite the headmasterJ office.This is our playground.We often play games on the playground.小狮子找食物(I Am Hungry)角色：雄狮、小狮、小白兔、三只小熊、小松鼠、小女孩。道具：雄狮、小狮、小白兔、三只小熊和小松鼠头套、红萝卜、三碗粥、花生一把、苹果一个。Act 1雄狮：(怒吼)Roar,roar!I am the lion,the king of the forest.No one is stronger than me.Roar,roar!小狮：Daddy!T m hungry.雄狮：You are big now.Be brave!Go and find your own food.小狮：But,I don,t know how.雄狮：Do it like me.Roar,roar!（怒吼）小狮：（小声地）Roar,roar!雄狮：Rush to the animals and bite them with your sharp teeth.（露出尖利的牙齿）Go and do it now.小狮：Yes,daddy.Act 2小白兔：（唱”Rabbit,Rabbit,Carrot Eater）Rabbit,rabbit,carrot eater.He says there is nothing sweeter,Than a carrot everyday,Munch and crunch and run away.小狮：Hi,rabbit!I am hungry.Roar,roar!（小声地）小白兔：Do you want some carrots?小狮：Yes,please.（小白兔递给小狮一根红萝卜）小狮：Thank you.小白兔：Carrots are the best food.小狮：（吃了一 口）Yuck!I dont like it.Anyway,thank you,rabbit.（还红萝卜给小白兔）小 白兔：You are welcome.（边跳边唱 Rabbit,Rabbit,Carrot Eater”离开）Act 3三只小熊：（各拿着一碗粥，并唱着“Pease Porridge Hot）Pease porridge hot,Pease porridge cold,Pease porridge in the pot,Nine days old.Some like it hot,Some like it cold,Some like it in the pot,Nine days old.小狮：Hi,bears!I am hungry.Roar,roar!（小声地）小熊们：Do you want some porridge?小狮：Yes,please.（小熊递给小狮一碗粥）小狮：Thank you.小熊们：Porridge is the best food.小狮：（吃了一口）Yuck!Its too hot.I don,t like it.Anyway,thank you,bears.（将粥还给小熊）小熊：You are welcome.（小熊们边走边唱 Pease Porridge Hot”离开）Act 4小松鼠：（唱着 Found a Peanutn）Found a peanut.Found a peanut.Found a peanut just now.Just now I found a peanut.Found a peanut just now.小狮：Hi,squirrel!I am hungry.Roar,roar!（小声地）小松鼠：Do you want some peanuts?小狮：Yes,please.（小松鼠递给小狮一些花生）小狮：Thank you.小松鼠：Peanut is the best food.小狮：（吃了一颗）Yuck!It,s too hard.I don,t like it.Anyway,thank you,squirrel.（将花生还给小松鼠）小松鼠：You are welcome.（边走边唱 Found a Peanut”离开）Act 5（小女孩边走边唱 Apple Round”）小女孩：Apple round.Apple red.Apple juicy.Apple sweet.Apple apple I love you.Apple sweet I love to eat.小狮:Hi,little girl!I am hungry.Roar,roar!小女孩：Oh,a lion!Help!Help!（苹果掉地上）小狮：What is it?Mmm，delicious!I like it.（小狮很高兴地边走边唱 Apple Round回家）小学六年级数学分数连除应用题教案教学目的：使学生掌握分数连除应用题的结构及数量关系，学会 分析解答分数连除应用题，发展学生的思维能力。教学过程：一、复习1.判断单位“1”的练习。(1)黑羊的只数是白羊只数的2/3。(2)一年级人数占全校人数的1/4O(3)汽车速度相当于飞机速度的20%。2.解答教科书第51页的复习题。“光明小学美术组有30人，生物组的人数是美术组的，航 模组的人数是生物组的。航模组有多少人？”二、新课1.教学例4。(1)指名读题，并引导学生画出线段图。指名找出已知条件和所求问题。教师：这道题里有几个数量？需要用几条线段来表示？(引 导学生出题里有三个数量，需要有三条线段表示。)教师：先根据哪个条件来画线段，表示哪个组的人数？(根 据“生物组人数是美术组的。”可以画出表示美术组和生物组人 数的线段。)教师：根据这个条件确定谁为单位“1”？先画哪个组的人数？(美术组人数为单位“1”，先画美术组人数。)教师画一条线段表示美术组的人数后提问：再画哪个组的人 数？怎样画？（把表示美术组人数的这条线段平均分成3份，再 画一条与其中1份同样长的线段表示生物组的人数。）教师：现在该画表示哪个组人数的线段？根据哪个条件来 画？怎样画？（启发学生说出把表示生物组人数的线段平均分成 5份，画出与这样的4份同样长的线段，表示航模组的人数。）教师：还有什么已知条件没画出来？这道题的问题是什么？谁能在线段图上表示出来？通过以上一系列提问完成下面的线段图。（2）引导学生分析解答。教师：想一想，美术组的人数和哪个组的人数有关系？有什 么关系？（引导学生说出美术组人数的是生物组的人数，也就是:美术组的人数乂=生物组的人数。）教师：生物组的人数还和哪个组的人数有关系？有什么关 系？（生物组人数的是航模组的人数，也就是：生物组的人数X=航模组的人数。）航模组的人数知道吗？（8人。）教师：根据这些条件，你能找出这道题里数量间的相等关系 吗？（美术组人数的是生物组的人数，而生物组人数的是航模组 的人数，航模组的人数等于8。）教师边说边在上面等式上注明。如：教师：根据上面的分析，应该设哪个量为X?（设美术组有 X人。）教师让学生列方程解答，做完后教师再问，我们知道了航模 组有8人和航模组人数是生物组的，能不能求出生物组的人数？（因为生物组人数X=8,根据分数除法的意义，生物组人数=（8;）人。）教师：我们知道了生物组的人数和生物组的人数是美术组 的，能不能求出美术组的人数？教师：8+=?是例4的算术解法，也是为什么我们把例4 这样的题目作为分数连除应用题的理由。大家求出美术组的人数 跟刚才用方程解法求出的得数是否一样。2.做教科书第51页“做一做”的题目。指名说出线段图的画法，教师在黑板上完成下面的线段图：全体学生在练习本上解答，订正时指名分析。三、巩固练习1.做练习十三的第1题。让学生独立完成，集体订正时，指名分析题目的数量关系。2.做练习十三的第2题。教师先让学生审题，教师问：这道题前面学习的和做过的题 目有什么区别？（前面题目中。两个数量之间都是几分之几的关 系，这题中有“停车场里有36辆小汽车，是大汽数量的4倍。）教师：大家分析题目的数量关系后画线段图。教师指名说出线段 图的画法，并在黑板上画出下面的线段图。教师让学生列式计算，做完后集体订正。四、小结教师：今天我们学习的应用题有什么特点？（使学生明确今 天学习的应用题是由以前学过的两道分数除法应用题复合成 的。）教师：遇到这样的应用题，分析解答时应该注意什么？（启 发学生说出要弄清题里有哪三个数量，它们之间有什么样的关 系，找出题目里数量间的相等关系，再确定设哪个量为5并列 出方程或直接用连除算式解答。）五、作业练习十三的第3题。小学各年级家长会材料一年级家长会材料建议：1、请家长帮助孩子学写姓名。2、请家长帮助孩子养成良好的作息时间，尤其是中午，避免下 午打瞌睡，影响学习效果。、3、语文方面读、背部分，请家长给 以督促、检查并及时给以签字。4、家庭作业及时给以督促、检查、签字，养成良好的学习习惯;家庭作业：请家长给以督促和指导，尤其是拼音部分，帮助孩子 练习拼读音节，反复练习，直到熟练为止，为今后学生字、课文 打击下基础。5、帮助孩子写好拼音卡片（包括音节卡片）在家练习拼读、写 好生字卡片（生字表一、二）必须会认会写，生字表一会认、语 文书两横线之间字会认，田字格里字会认会写。6、家长要善于发现孩子的优点，学习上遇到困难时及时与老师 沟通，帮助孩子共同进步。7、