汽车英语(第二版)整套课件电子教案.ppt

汽汽车实用英用英语（第二版）（第二版）项目一项目一 四冲程发动机构造与工作过程介绍四冲程发动机构造与工作过程介绍 BriefIntroductionWordListWordListWordListComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionProperNamesProperNamesProperNamesTextlearning-exampleProject1IntroductiontotheconstructionandoperationofaFour-strokeEngineTheengineassemblyTheengineisthesourceofpowerthatprovidesthetorqueorturningforcewhichisusedtodrivethevehicle.Enginesinmotorvehiclescanbeinternalcombustion,electricoracombinationofthetwo(knownashybrid).Internalcombustionenginesburnthefuelinsidetheengineusingpetrol,distillateorgas.Electricmotorsuseelectricitysuppliedfromstoragebatteriesfittedtothevehicle.Thebatteriescanbechargedusinganinternalcombustionengine,fuelcell,solarcell,powerregenerationandexternalcharging.Theengineassemblyincludestheengineitselfaswellasallthecomponentsandsystemsneededtomakeitstartandrun.Theseincludethestarting,charging,cooling,ignition,lubrication,fuelandtheexhaustsystems(shownasFigure1-1).Translationofdifficultsentence1.Enginesinmotorvehiclescanbeinternalcombustion,electricoracombinationofthetwo(knownashybrid).翻译：翻译：汽车的动力装置可以是内燃机、电动机、或者两者的组合（如所谓的混合动力）。2.Thebatteriescanbechargedusinganinternalcombustionengine,fuelcell,solarcell,powerregenerationandexternalcharging.翻翻译：蓄电池可以用内燃机，燃料电池，太阳能电池，再生能量或外部电源进行充电。3.Thelargeendoftheconnectingrodconnectstothecrankshaftandthesmallendconnectstothepiston.翻译：翻译：连杆大端连接到曲轴，小端连接到活塞。4.Thefiringorderforafour-cylinderengineis1-3-4-2or1-2-4-3.翻翻译：4缸发动机的点火顺序为1-3-4-2或1-2-4-3。5.Foridentificationpurposes,manufacturersclassifyautomobileenginesbytheircylinderarrangement,valvearrangement,andtypeofsystemusedtocooltheengine.翻翻译：发动机制造商将汽车发动机按气缸排列、气门布置以及冷却系统的类型进行分类。Exercises:TranslatethefollowingintoChinese1)intakestroke2)timinggear3)waterpump4)connectingrod5)combustionchamber6)crankpin7)bottomdeadcenter8)cylinderhead9)fanpulleyExercises:TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish1)气缸体 2)太阳能电池 3)曲轴箱4)油底壳 5)正时皮带 6)活塞环7)点火分电器 8)火花塞 9)主轴承轴颈Exercises:Translatethefigure THANK YOU 项目二项目二 发动机燃油供给系认识发动机燃油供给系认识BriefIntroductionWordListWordListComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionProperNamesProperNamesTextlearning-exampleProject2AcquaintancewithenginefuelsystemIntroductionThefuelsystemhasthejobofsupplyingacombustiblemixtureofairandfueltotheengine.Therearetwodifferenttypesofpetrolfuelsystems:systemswithacarburetorandsystemswithelectronicfuelinjection(EFI).CarburetorfuelsystemsandEFIsystemsaredesignedtodeliverthefuelmixturetotheengineinacombustibleform,buteachsystemdoesitinadifferentway.1Onebasicdifferenceisthatcarburetorsatomizethefuel,andinjectorsspraythefuel.CarburetorfuelsystemTheconventionalcarburetorfuelsystemconsistsofthefueltank,fuelpump,fuelfilter,carburetor,fuellines,intakemanifoldandaircleaner(shownasFigure2-1).Aswellasthese,theexhaustsystemissometimesconsideredtobeapartofthefuelsystem.Translationofdifficultsentence1.CarburetorfuelsystemsandEFIsystemsaredesignedtodeliverthefuelmixturetotheengineinacombustibleform,buteachsystemdoesitinadifferentway.翻译：化油器和电子燃油喷射系统都是用于给发动机输送可燃混合物，但是两个系统工作方式不同。2.Therearethreepipes(orlines)betweenthefueltankattherearofthevehicleandthecomponentsintheenginecompartment.翻译：有三根油管，连通汽车后部的油箱和发动机舱内的发动机总成。3.Afinegauzefilterisfittedtothesuctionpipeinthefueltank,andalinefilterisfittedinthesupplylinebetweenthefueltankandthefuelpump,orbetweenthefuelpumpandthecarburetor.翻译：油箱内的吸油管一端装有细滤网油滤器，在油箱和油泵之间的输油管内装有管内滤清器，或者在燃油泵和化油器之间的输油管内安装滤清器。4.Thefuelsupplysystemconsistsofthefueltank,fuelpump,fuelfilter,fuelsupplypipe,fuelinjector,fuelpressureregulator,andfuelreturnpipe.翻译：（电喷）燃油供给装置由油箱、油泵、燃油滤清器、供油管、喷油器、燃油压力调节器及回油管等组成。Exercises:TranslatethefollowingintoChinese1)electronicfuelinjection2)charcoalcanister3)singlepointfuelinjection4)fuelfilter5)enginestartability6)enginecompartment7)pressureregulator8)fuelreturnpipe9)airflowmeterExercises:TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish1)1)燃油供燃油供给系系 2)2)燃油燃油滤清清器器 3)3)空空气气流量流量计4)4)电子燃油喷射电子燃油喷射 5)5)多点燃油喷射多点燃油喷射 6)6)冷起动喷油器冷起动喷油器7)7)节气气门体燃油体燃油喷射射 8)8)空空气气进气气系系统 9 9）输油管油管Exercises:Translatethefigure THANK YOU 项目三项目三 发动机冷却系和润滑系认识发动机冷却系和润滑系认识 BriefIntroductionWordListWordListComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionProperNamesTextlearning-exampleProject3AcquaintancewithEngineCoolingandLubricatingSystemEngineCoolingSystemAcoolingsystemofsomekindisnecessaryinanyinternalcombustionengine.Thecoolingsystemofawater-cooledengineconsistsoftheenginewaterjacket,thermostat,waterpump,radiator,radiatorcap,fan,fandrivebeltandnecessaryhoses(shownasFigure3-1).HeattransferInanautomobileengine,heatflowsortransfersfromtheironoraluminumcylindertothecoolingwater,andfromthecoolanttothecopperoraluminumradiator.1CoolingSystemPumpAutomobileenginewaterpumpsareofmanydesigns,butmostarethecentrifugaltype.Sometimesthefanisinstalledonthewaterpumpshaft.Translationofdifficultsentence1.Inanautomobileengine,heatflowsortransfersfromtheironoraluminumcylindertothecoolingwater,andfromthecoolanttothecopperoraluminumradiator.翻翻译：在汽车发动机里面，铁或铝制的气缸将热量传导到冷却水，再由冷却水将热量传递到铜或铝制的散热器中。2.Itisconstructedtoholdalargeamountofwaterintubesorotherpassageswhichprovidealargeareaincontactwiththeatmosphere.翻翻译：在结构上，散热器要有能容纳大量水的管道，这些管道可提供较大的散热面积，便于与空气接触。语法：法：which引导定语从句，修饰tubesorpassages。3.Inoperation,thethermostatisdesignedtocloseofftheflowofwaterfromenginetoradiatoruntiltheenginehasreachedthedesiredoperatingtemperature.翻翻译：工作时，在发动机还未达到合适的工作温度前，节温器将切断从发动机水套流向散热器的水路。Exercises:TranslatethefollowingintoChinese1)coolingsystem2)thermostat3)radiatorcap4)radiatorcore5)lubricatingsystem6)crankcaseventilation7)viscosityindeximprover8)varnish9)oilsludgeExercises:TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish1)水泵水泵2)防冻液防冻液3)水冷式发动机水冷式发动机4)润滑系润滑系5)滑润剂滑润剂6)抗氧剂抗氧剂7)发动机沉积物发动机沉积物8)机油滤清器机油滤清器9)金属与金属接触金属与金属接触Exercises:Translatethefigure THANK YOU 项目四项目四 汽车底盘构造认识汽车底盘构造认识 BriefIntroductionWordListWordListComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionProperNamesProperNamesProperNamesTextlearning-exampleProject4AcquaintancewithautomotivechassisconstructionMotorvehiclesvarygreatlyindesignandbodystyle,andthetermmotorvehiclecanbeusedtoincludepassengercars,stationwagons,vans,utilities,trucks,busesandcoaches.Forpassengervehiclesandlightcommercialvehicles,therearetwobasicarrangements:front-wheeldriveandrear-wheeldrive.Amotorvehicleconsistsofanumberofsectionswhich,forconvenience,canbeconsideredasfollows:theengineassembly,theframeorchassis,thepowertrain,therunninggear,theelectricalsystemandthebodyofthevehicle(shownasFigure4-1).Translationofdifficultsentence1.Thepowertraincarriespowerfromtheenginecrankshafttothecarwheelssothewheelsrotateandcarmoves.翻译：从发动机曲轴输出的动力经传动系传递给车轮，使车轮转动，驱动汽车前进。2.Sinceallroadsarenotperfectlysmooth,andthetransmissionisfixed,thedriveshafthastobeflexibletoabsorbtheshocksofbumpsintheroad.翻译：由于路面并非全部都是平整的，同时变速器的位置是固定的，所以，传动轴不得不具备一定的弹性，以吸收来自路面的颠簸振动。3.Whenthecarisonstraightroad,theringgear,differentialcase,differentialpiniongears,andtwodifferentialsidegearsallturnasaunitwithoutanyrelativemotion.翻译：当汽车在直线道路上行驶时，齿圈，差速器壳，差速器行星小齿轮以及差速器半轴齿轮等作为无相对运动的整体而转动。4.Spokesextendfromthewheeltothewheelhub,whichisfastenedsecurelyatthetopofthesteeringcolumn.翻译：转向盘辐条从转向盘轮缘延伸到转向盘的轮毂，轮毂则被紧固在转向管柱的顶端。Exercises:TranslatethefollowingintoChinese1)pitmanarm2)automatictransmission3)planetarygearsystem4)chassis5)universaljoint6)steeringsystem7)brakesystem8)servicebrakesystem9)parkingbrakesystemExercises:TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish1)传动系系2)手手动变速器速器3)差速器差速器4)后轮驱动后轮驱动5)转向盘转向盘6)钢板弹簧钢板弹簧7)制制动蹄蹄8)悬架系架系统9)制制动踏板踏板Exercises:Translatethefigure THANK YOU 项目五项目五 汽车电气设备和主动安全系统介绍汽车电气设备和主动安全系统介绍 BriefIntroductionWordListWordListComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionProperNamesTextlearning-exampleProject5IntroductiontotheautomotiveelectricsystemandactivesafetysystemsPartIAutomotiveElectricSystemIgnitionsystemTherearemanydifferenttypesofignitionsystems.Mostofthesesystemscanbeplacedintooneofthreedistinctgroups:theconventionalbreakerpointtypeignitionsystems;theelectronicignitionsystems;andthedistributorlessignitionsystem.Theautomotiveignitionsystemhastwobasicfunctions:itmustcontrolthesparkandtimingofthesparkplugfiringtomatchvaryingenginerequirements,anditmustincreasebatteryvoltagetoapointwhereitwillovercometheresistanceofferedbythesparkpluggapandfiretheplug.Translationofdifficultsentence1.Thepowertraincarriespowerfromtheenginecrankshafttothecarwheelssothewheelsrotateandcarmoves.翻译：从发动机曲轴输出的动力经传动系传递给车轮，使车轮转动，驱动汽车前进。2.Sinceallroadsarenotperfectlysmooth,andthetransmissionisfixed,thedriveshafthastobeflexibletoabsorbtheshocksofbumpsintheroad.翻译：由于路面并非全部都是平整的，同时变速器的位置是固定的，所以，传动轴不得不具备一定的弹性，以吸收来自路面的颠簸振动。3.Whenthecarisonstraightroad,theringgear,differentialcase,differentialpiniongears,andtwodifferentialsidegearsallturnasaunitwithoutanyrelativemotion.翻译：当汽车在直线道路上行驶时，齿圈，差速器壳，差速器行星小齿轮以及差速器半轴齿轮等作为无相对运动的整体而转动。4.Spokesextendfromthewheeltothewheelhub,whichisfastenedsecurelyatthetopofthesteeringcolumn.翻译：转向盘辐条从转向盘轮缘延伸到转向盘的轮毂，轮毂则被紧固在转向管柱的顶端。Exercises:TranslatethefollowingintoChinese1)theelectronicignitionsystem2)Enginecontrolunit3)primarycurrent4)alternator5)oversteer6)thechargingsystem7)relay8)starter9)plungerExercises:TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish1)火花塞火花塞2)点火点火开关开关3)点火模点火模块4)起起动机机5)蓄蓄电池池6)电压调节器器7)电路路8)直流直流电9)驱动皮皮带10)电子子稳定程序定程序11)电子控制子控制单元元12)主主动安全系安全系统Exercises:Translatethefigure THANK YOU 项目六项目六 汽车车身电气设备和被动安全系统的介绍汽车车身电气设备和被动安全系统的介绍 BriefIntroductionWordListComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionComponentscognitionProperNamesProperNamesTextlearning-exampleProject2PassiveSafetySystemsSafetybeltSafetybelt(seatbelt)playsanimportantroleinthis.Ineffect,theyretainyou to the occupant compartment so you decelerate with it instead ofslammingintohardinteriorsurfaces.Butnotallbeltdesignsarethesame.Usuallyincludes:lapbelt,lap-shoulderbelt,childseatrestraintbelt.Airbagsystem(SupplementalRestraintSystem)Theairbagsystem(SupplementalRestraintSystem)hasthefollowingequipment,isshownintable6-1.Table6-1theairbagsystemequipmentTranslationofdifficultsentence1.Thistypeofvalvecansensebothtemperatureandpressure,andisveryefficientatregulatingrefrigerantflowtotheevaporator.翻译：这种类型阀门可以感知温度和压力，同时能非常有效的调节到蒸发器的制冷剂流量。2.Oncetherefrigerantisdrawnintothesuctionside,itiscompressedandsenttothecondenser,whereitcanthentransfertheheatthatisabsorbedfromtheinsideofthevehicle.翻译：一旦制冷剂从吸入端进入压缩机，它就在压缩机中被压缩后输送到冷凝器。在冷凝器中，制冷剂吸收汽车车内的热量。3.Incrashes,peopleneedtoberetainedwithintheoccupantcompartmentandnotbeejected,astoreducethepossibleofseriousinjury.翻译：在碰撞事故中，乘员应该被限制在车内而不是被抛出汽车，这样可以减少严重伤害的可能性。4.Allnewpassengercarshaveshoulderbeltsoninertiareelsthatallowupperbodymovementduringnormaldrivingbutlockduringhardbraking.翻译：所有新的乘用车都有惯性卷筒型自动安全带，它允许上半身在正常的驾驶中移动而在紧急制动时锁止。Exercises:TranslatethefollowingintoChinese1)airbag2)compressor3)powerseat4)6-waypowerseat5)accumulator6)AlarmSystem7)turn-signallamps8)safetybelt9)taillampsExercises:TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish1)1)冷凝器冷凝器 2)2)安全气囊安全气囊 3)3)压缩机压缩机 4)4)牌照牌照 5)5)蒸发器蒸发器 6)6)制冷剂制冷剂7)7)热膨胀阀热膨胀阀 8)8)中控系统中控系统 9)9)倒车灯倒车灯Exercises:Translatethefigure THANK YOU 项目三项目三 新能源汽车新能源汽车 BriefIntroductionWordListAccelerate v.加速，促进Alloy n.合金vt.使成合金，减低成色barring prep.不包括，除非battery n.电池 Component n.成分，adj.组成的，构成的Contrast vt.使与对比，使与对照Conventional adj.惯例的，常规的，习俗 的，传统的Decrease n.减少，减少之量，v.减少Dependence n.依靠，依赖，信任，信赖Emission n.(光、热等的)散发，发射，喷射Energy n.精力，精神，活力，物能量Ethanol n.乙醇，酒精 Excite vt.刺激，使兴奋，使激动Formula n.公式，规则，客套语Fossil adj.化石的，陈腐的，守旧的Gallium n.化镓Generate vt.产生，发生Generation n.产生，发生，一代，一代人Generator n.发电机，发生器Household adj.家庭的，家族的，家属的，普通的Hydrogen n.氢Indium n.化铟Industrial adj.工业的，产业的，实业的，从事工业的Nitrogen n.化氮 Obtain v.获得Overcome vt.战胜，克服，胜过，征服，vi.得胜Oxygen n.化氧Parallel adj.平行的，相同的，类似的，并联的Photon n.光子Pollution n.污染，玷污Potential adj.潜在的，可能的，势的，位的Practical adj.实际的，实践的，实用的，应用的Predict v.预知，预言，预报Propel vt.推进，驱使Reduction n.减少，缩影，变形，缩减量，约简Scheduled adj.预定的Semiconductor n.物半导体Series n.连续，系列，一连串，串联Significantly adv.意味深长地，值得注目地，有效地Silicon n.化硅，硅元素Solar adj.太阳的，日光的Sophisticate n.久经世故的人，多变的人Storage n.贮藏(量)，贮藏库，存储Strike vt.打，撞击，冲击Substantial adj.坚固的，实质的，真实的，充实的Tailpipe n.汽排气管Transmission n.变速箱Proper Namescarbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon-fiber 碳素纤维，碳化纤维compressed air car 压缩空气汽车consulting company 咨询公司electric car 电动汽车electric motor 电动机electrical current 电流fuel cell stack 燃料电池组fuel cell vehicle 燃料电池车fuel tank 燃料罐gas-and-oxygen 汽油和氧气gasoline engine 汽油发动机gasoline-electric hybrid car 油电混合汽车greenhouse gas 温室气体harmful emission 有害排放Honda Insight 本田思域lithium-ion battery 锂离子电池parallel hybrid 并联混合photovoltaic cell 光生伏打电池regenerative braking 制动回收series hybrid 串联混合solar car 太阳能汽车solar panel 太阳能板thermal energy 热能Toyota Prius 丰田普锐斯ElectricCarsAnelectriccarisaplug-inbatterypoweredautomobilewhichispropelledbyelectricmotor(s).Electriccarshavethepotentialofsignificantlyreducingcitypollutionbyhavingzerotailpipeemissions.Vehiclegreenhousegassavingsdependonhowtheelectricityisgenerated.WiththecurrentU.S.energymix,usinganelectriccarwouldresultina30%reductionincarbondioxideemissions.Giventhecurrentenergymixesinothercountries,ithasbeenpredictedthatsuchemissionswoulddecreaseby40%intheUK,19%inChina,andaslittleas1%inGermany.Full Cell VehiclesFuel cell vehicles(FCVs)have the potential to significantly reduce our dependence on foreign oil and lower harmful emissions that cause climate change.FCVs run on hydrogen gas rather than gasoline and emit no harmful tailpipe emissions.These vehicles are in the early stages of development,and several challenges must be overcome before these vehicles will be competitive with conventional vehicles.However,the potential benefits of this technology are substantial.Gasoline-electric Hybrid CarsGasoline-electric hybrid cars contain the following parts.Gasoline engineFuel tankElectric motorGeneratorBatteriesTransmissionSolar CarsA solar car is an electric car powered by solar electricity.This is obtained from solar panels on the surface(generally,the top or window)of the car.Photovoltaic(PV)cells convert the suns energy directly into electrical energy.CompressedAirCarsNotesElectric cars have the potential of significantly reducing city pollution by having zero tail pipe emissions.翻译：电动汽车没有尾气排放，具有明显减少城市污染的潜力。The most obvious difference is the fuel cell stack that converts hydrogen gas stored onboard with oxygen from the air into electricity to drive the electric motor that propels the vehicle.翻译：最明显的不同是燃料电池将车载的氢和空气中的氧转化成电流来驱动电动机，从而驱动车辆前进。Advanced electronics allow it to act as a motor as well as a generator.翻译：先进的电子学让它同时扮演电动机和发电机两个角色。When sunlight(photons)strikes PV cells,they excite electrons and allow them to flow,creating an electrical current.翻译：当阳光照射（光子撞击）光生伏打电池，光子激发电子并让其流动，从而造成一股电流。The car can be powered solely by air,or combined(as