A-Comparison-of-the-Connotation-between-English-and-Chinese-Animal-Words--英汉动物词汇的文化内涵对比.doc

Abstract
Both English culture and Chinese culture have a large number of words related with animals. The same animal words may have the same or different connotations in English and Chinese, and different animal words may have similar connotations in English and Chinese. In addition, animal words have semantic gaps in English and Chinese. This paper is intended to contrast and analyze the connotation between English and Chinese animal words from these aspects and discuss the causes of discrepancy in the connotation between English and Chinese animal words form the angles of religion, history, geographical environment and aesthetic orientation. Moreover, this paper analyzes the influences of the connotation of animal words on intercultural communication. Then this paper gives some suggestions for intercultural communication. At last, it draws a conclusion that language is the carrier of culture. Languages of different nations present rich cultural properties. We should pay more attention to the discrepancy in the connotation between English and Chinese animal words during the process of intercultural communication and enrich our knowledge of different cultures as much as possible. In the age of globalization, communication between the Chinese culture and the English culture is on the increase day by day. With the help of this paper, people can understand the cultural difference of English and Chinese animal words further and achieve perfect intercultural communication.
Key words: Animal words; English and Chinese; Connotations; Comparison

Opinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in the city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's education practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.
英汉动物词汇的文化内涵对比
摘要
在英汉两种文化中有许许多多与动物相关的词汇。同一动物词汇在英汉语言中可能具有相同或者不同的文化内涵，不同的动物词汇在英汉语言中可能会有相似的文化内涵。另外，动物词汇在英汉语言中存在语义空缺现象。本文旨在从这几个方面对比和分析英汉动物的文化内涵，并从宗教、历史、地理环境、审美取向的角度探讨英汉动物词汇的文化内涵存在差异的原因。此外，本文分析了动物词汇的文化内涵对跨文化交流的影响。然后，本文为跨文化交流提出了一些建议。最后，得出结论：语言是文化的载体，不同民族的语言呈现出丰富多彩的文化特性。在跨文化交流过程中，我们应该更加重视英汉动物词汇的文化内涵差异，尽可能丰富我们在不同文化领域的知识。在全球化的时代，中西文化交流日益频繁。通过本文，人们能够进一步了解英汉动物词汇的文化差异，顺利进行跨文化交流。
关键字：动物词汇；英语和汉语；文化内涵；对比

Contents
1. Introduction 1
2. Connotations of English and Chinese Animal Words 1
2.1 Connotation of animal words in Chinese and English 1
2.1.1 Animal words with the same connotations 2
2.1.2 Animal words with different connotations 3
2.1.3 Animal words with similar connotations 6
2.2 Semantic gaps 7
2.2.1 Animal words with rich connotations in Chinese 7
2.2.2 Animal words with rich connotations in English 8
3. The Causes of Discrepancy in the Connotation between English and Chinese Animal Words 9
3.1 Religion 10
3.2 History 10
3.3 Geographical environment 11
3.4 Aesthetic orientation 11
4. Influences of the Connotation of Animal Words on Intercultural Communication 12
5. Suggestions for Intercultural Communication 13
6. Conclusion 14
Bibliography 16

A Comparison of the Connotation between English and Chinese Animal Words
1. Introduction
The intimate relationship with animals makes human beings have complex emotions, such as fondness, sympathy, disgust and horror, etc. Humans often place their feelings on animals and use animals to express feelings as well. Many animal words and phrases are endowed with connotations in English and Chinese. Therefore, learning about the different connotations of English and Chinese animal words can help English learners to correctly understand this language. Animal words have the same, different or similar connotations in English and Chinese. In most cases, although both English and Chinese have the same referential meanings of animal words, the connotations of these animal words are different (Shang Qi, 2006). This is caused by religion, history, geographical environment and aesthetic orientation. This paper starts with the comparison of English and Chinese animal words. Afterwards, this paper discusses the causes of discrepancy in connotations between English and Chinese animal words. In the end, this paper discusses the influences of cultural connotations of animal words on intercultural communication.
2. Connotations of English and Chinese Animal Words
2.1 Connotation of animal words in Chinese and English
The same animal words may have the same or different cultural connotations in English and Chinese. In addition, different animal words may have similar cultural connotations in English and Chinese.
2.1.1 Animal words with the same connotations
Living in a similar ecological environment, people may have a same imagination about animals. Therefore, animal words will be endowed with the same cultural connotation. In Chinese and in English, the fox is cunning; the ass is stupid; the lamb is docile; the wolf is always hungry; the rabbit can run rapidly; the bee is busy; the snake is crafty; the hen is associated with woman. For example, when we say “he is a fox”, Chinese people and Native English speakers will realize that he is cunning. To the native English speakers and Chinese people, “pig” stands for dirtiness, laziness and stupidity. Therefore, there are some sayings like “as fat as a pig”, “eat like a pig”, “make a pig of oneself”, etc. In Chinese culture and English culture, “bee” always gives us the impression of an extremely hard worker. We can use “as busy as a bee” to describe someone who is diligent. A “parrot” (a type of tropical bird with hooked beak and brightly colored feathers) can be trained to imitate human voice. In Chinese culture and English culture, it is used to describe someone who repeats the words or actions of others without understanding the meaning. In Chinese culture and English culture, “ass” is always used to describe a stupid person. The saying “make an ass of ass of oneself” means that one behaves stupidly and ridiculously. In Chinese culture and English culture, “dove” is a symbol of peace. To the native English speaker and Chinese people, “sheep” is one kind of docile animal. When it comes to the sheep, people will have a gentle and meek image in mind. Therefore, “sheep” is always used to describe a gentle and meek character.
2.1.2 Animal words with different connotations
In Chinese culture and English culture, different cultural backgrounds can result in different connotations.
In Chinese culture, “dragon” is a kind of mythic animal which has scales, claws and legs and which can fly in the sky, swim in the sea and create cloud and rain. “Dragon” is something sacred and is used to represent the ancestor of Chinese nation. This is why the Chinese people call themselves descendants of dragon. In ancient China, “dragon” was a symbol of imperial power. Ancient emperors called themselves as “真龙天子” (the son of dragon). Their clothes were embroidered with dragon and were called as “龙袍” (dragon robe); their chairs were called as “龙椅” (dragon throne); their posterities were called as “龙种” (dragon children). In China, we may often hear that Chinese parents expect their son become a “dragon” (expect one’s child can have a bright fut