碳化硅基陶瓷密封材料的制备技术-毕业设计(论文).pdf
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1、摘要随着工况条件的更为苛刻,工业设备对机械密封的要求更加严格。碳化硅陶 瓷性能优越,已经成为基本机械密封材料。目前,碳化硅陶瓷密封材料制备中存 在粉体颗粒度大、团聚严重、粒度分布宽、杂质含量高,粉体流动性及成型性能 差,陶烧材料的烧结性能及力学性能较差,较大尺寸陶瓷密封件制备困难等问题。为此,有必要对碳化硅原料进行细化、提纯、表面改性等综合处理提高粉体质量;采用新的添加剂引入方式制备碳化硅复合粉体,改善陶瓷烧结性能和组织结构,提高碳化硅复合陶瓷密封材料的综合性能:优化原料配方、成型及烧结工艺,制 备得到较大尺寸的碳化硅陶瓷密封环制品。主要研究内容及成果如下:采用流化床对撞式气流粉碎超微化处理S
2、i c粉体,分级轮频率愈高,工作压 力愈大,超微化处理效果愈明显。适宜的工艺参数为研磨压力0.7MPa,分级轮 频率40Hz,1次研磨;在此条件下碳化硅粉体取得较好的超微化效果,提高了 素坯特性及均匀性,降低了坯体烧结温度,改善了碳化硅陶瓷的性能及组织结构。采用混合酸洗进行碳化硅粉体的酸洗提纯处理,适宜的酸洗提纯工艺条件 为:超微化碳化硅粉体,酸洗液组成(HF:HNO3)1:1,酸洗液浓度0.1m ol/L,酸洗时间2h.在此条件下,碳化硅粉体中Si C含量达98.8%,游离Si由0.25%降至0.017%,游离C由1.10%降至0.05%,游离Si 6由0.17%降至0.027%,Fe2O3
3、由0.14%降至0.007%,粉体获得较为理想的除杂提纯效果。利用空间位阻机制,在碳化硅粉体浆料中加入表面活性剂PEG(或PEI)进 行表面改性。对于表面活性剂为PEG时,加入量为Iwt%,液体介质为乙醇时,改性粉体获得较好的流动特性;而对于PEI来说,添加3wt%PEI,pH为6.5时,改性粉体获得很好的流动特性,并获得较大的饱和吸附量0.435wt%.调节PEG(或PED的pH值,改变PEG(或PED的加入量,增加了颗粒之间的静电排 斥能,提高了 Si C颗粒分散性和流动性.采用离心式喷雾造粒设备进行碳化硅粉体的喷雾造粒,有效改善了碳化硅粉 料的流动性。同未经喷雾造粒的粉料相比,喷雾造粒后
4、碳化硅粒料的松装密度提 高了 30%50%,休止角降低了 10。15。当固相含量、粘合剂含金和出口热风 温度分别为70%、05%和90C时,碳化硅素坯的密度最高,断面更为均匀,碳 化硅陶镒的烧结、力学性能及显微结构都有所提高和改善。但由于烧结温度过高 的原因,喷雾造粒在改善材料性能方面的效果并不十分显著。采用无机盐前驱体溶胶一凝胶法在Si c粉体中引入烧结助剂YAG,YAG凝 胶呈网状结构,Si C颗粒嵌入在凝胶网络中,并在Si C颗粒表面形成一层包裹膜:YAG的形成过程为为Y2O3+A12O3-YAM-*YAP-*YAG,干凝胶在920C左右已 完全转变成YAG相,Y与A1的原子比约为3:5
5、,最终获得YAG粒径小、均匀 分散的Si C/YAG复合粉体。采用真空无压烧结进行碳化硅复合粉体的烧结致密化。在1950c下的液相 烧结中,机械共混法制备的碳化硅复合陶瓷材料可以获得较高的烧结性能、力学 性能及晶粒尺寸细小、相分布均匀较理想的显微结构,说明机械共混法制备碳化 硅复合粉体适宜的烧结温度为1950-C:而此温度下溶胶一凝胶法制备的碳化硅 材料明显存在过烧现象,故有必要降低其烧结温度。通过适当降低烧结温度,延 长烧结时间,制备出性能更为优越、组织结构更为致密的不同直径(30(D400m m)碳化硅陶瓷密封环。在碳化硅复合粉体的液相烧结中,超微化处理Si C 粉体有助于促进烧结初期的致
6、密化;YAG液相的提前形成及均匀分布促进了快 速致密化。组织致密与晶粒细小、裂纹偏转与沿晶断裂、YAG晶粒桥联是碳化 硅复合陶瓷增韧的三个主要特征。AbstractWi th the work envi ronm ent becom i ng m ore ri gourous,there i s a m uch m ore seri ous stri ct requi rem ent of i ndustri a l equi pm ent for i ts m echa ni ca l sea li ng.The si li con ca rbi de cera m i cs wi th s
7、uperi or perform a nces ha s been one of the four ba si c sea li ng m a teri a ls.The i m provem ent of si li con ca rbi de cera m i cs perform a nces a re li m i ted by ra w m a teri a ls wi th bi g gra nula ri ty,wi de pa rti clc-si ze di stri buti on,seri our reuni ti ng,m ore i m purti es,worse
8、m ouldi ng a nd si nteri ng beha vi ours,a nd i t i s di ffi cult to prepa re la rger si ze si li con ca rbi de sea l products.It i s necessa ry to i m prove powder qua li ty of si li con ca rbi de ra w m a teri a l through ultr-fi ne trea tm ent,puri fi ca ti on a nd surfa ce m odi fi ca ti on,prep
9、a re com posi te powder wi th a ddti ve led by new m ethods to hei ghten the si nteri ng a nd m echa ni ca l properti es of Si C cera m i cs sea l m a teri a ls,a nd prepa re the la rger si ze si li con ca rbi de sea l ri ngs through opti m i zi ng proporti oni ng,m ouldi ng technology a nd si nteri
10、 ng process.The super-fi ne trea tm ent of Si C powder wa s ca rri ed out by flui di zed bed opposed jet m i ll(QLM-100K),a nd the results showed tha t the effects of super-fi ne trea tm ent i ncrea sed wi th the i ncrea se of sorter frequency a nd crushi ng pressure.A better gri ndi ng effects wa s
11、 a chi eved by usi ng a hi gher sorter frequency(40 Hz),a hi gher crushi ng pressure(0.7 MPa)a nd few m i lli ng ti m s(only once);the com pa cts ha d rela ti vely hi gh densi ty a nd m i crostructure hom ogenei ty;the si nteri ng tem pera ture of the com pa ct decrea sed;a nd the surfa ce m i crost
12、ructure,densi fi ca ti on a nd m echa ni ca l properti es of the si ntered body ca n be a m eli ora ted obvi ously by proper control of the si nteri ng tem pera ture.The puri fi ca ti on trea tm ent of Si C powder wa s ca rri ed out by m i xed pi ckli ng m ethod,i t showed tha t the puri fi ca ti on
13、 effects wa s perfect under the condi ti ons wi th 1:1 of pi ckli ng soluti on proporti on(HF:HNO3),0.1 m ol/L of concertra ti on a nd 2h of pi ckli ng ti m e.The Si C content i n si li con ca rbi de powder beca m e 98.8%a fter m i xed pi ckli ng,wi th di ssoci a ti ve Si content decrea si ng from 0
14、.25%to 0.017%,di ssoci a ti ve C content from 1.10%to 0.05%,di ssoci a ti ve Si O?content from 0.17%to 0.027%a nd Fe203 a om 0.14%to 0.007%.Wi th spa ce posi ti on hi ndera nce m echa ni sm,the surfa ce a cti va tor Polyethylene glyco(PEG)or Polycthylenei m i ne(PEI)wa s a dded i nto the slurry of s
15、i li con ca rbi de to rea li ze the surfa ce m odi fi ca ti on.The phy-chem i ca l cha ra cteri sti cs of Si C powder wa s i ni m proved by the surfa ce m odi fi ca ti on wi th Iwt%PEG a nd a lcohol of quli d m edi um a nd a lso obvi ously a m eli ora ted wi th 0.435%of stura ti on a dsorpti on by t
16、he surfa ce m odi fi ca ti on wi th 3wt%PEI a nd 6.5 of pH.The a djustm ent of wei ght content a nd pH va lue of PEG(or PEI)ca n cha nge the surfa ce a dsoi pti on of Si C pa rti cles a nd i ncrea se the m utua l electrosta ti c repelli ng force of pa rti ces to i ncrea se the phy-chem i ca l cha ra
17、 cteri sti cs of Si C powder.The spra yi ng gra nula ti ng of Si C powder wa s ca rri ed out by centri fuga l spra yi ng dryi ng equi pm ent to i m prove the fluxi on of Si C powder.Com pa red wi th those wi thout spra yi ng,the loose densi ty of the Si C gra nula r powder i ncrea sed by 30350%a fte
18、r spra yi ng,a nd the a ngle of repose decrea sed by 10015.When the soli d pha se content,bi nder content a nd outlet tem pera ture of ga s were 10wt%0.5wt%a nd 90C respecti vely,the densi ty of green body of si li con ca rbi de wa s the hi ghest,the fra cture wa s m ore uni form a nd the si nteri n
19、g beha vi our,m echa ni ca l properti es a nd m i crosructure of si li con ca rbi de were a ll i m proved.The effect of spra yi ng gra nula ti ng of Si C powder on i m provi ng the properti es of m a teri a ls i s not prom i nent beca use of the m uch hi gh si nteri ng tem pera ture.The Y3AI5O12(YAG
20、)si nteri ng a ddi ti ves were a dded i nto Si C powder by sol-gel m ethod wi th i norga ni c sa lt a s precusor.The YAG gel a ssum ed network structure,the Si C pa rti cle beca m e em bedded i n the gel,a nd a thi n fi lm form ed on the surfa ce of Si C pa rti cle;the form a ti on procedure of YAG
21、wa s YzCh+AhOjf YAM-*YAP-*YAG;the com plete YAG pha se could be a tta i ned a fter the dri ed gel bei ng hea t-trea ted a t 920 C,the a tom ra ti o of Al a nd Y i s a bout 3:5;a nd Si C/YAG com posi te powder wi th sm a ll gra nula ri ty a nd uni form di stri buti on of YAG pha se wa s prepa red.The
22、 densi fi ca ti on of Si C com posi te powders wa s ca rri ed out by va cuum pressureless si nteri ng.Under the si nteri ng tem pera ture of 1950*C for 40m i n,the si li con ca rbi de cera m i c wi th the com posi te powders prepa red by m echa ni ca l co-m i xed m ethod showed hi gher si nteri ng p
23、roperti es,m echa ni ca l properti es,a nd m ore i dea l m i crostructure wi th fi ne crysta l a nd pha se uni form di stri buti on tha n those wi th the com posi te powders prepa red by sol-gel m ethod.The sui ta ble tem pera ture for the com posi te powders to be prepa red by m echa ni ca l co-m i
24、 xed m ethod wa s 1950C.The si nteri ng tem pera ture of the com posi te powders prepa red by sol-gel m ethod could decrea se beca use i t exi sted“oversi nteri ng“phenom ena a t 1950C.The cera m i c sea li ng m a teri a ls(30400m m)wi th prefera ble properti ed a nd i dea l m i crostructure could b
25、e prepa red by lower si nteri ng tem pera ture a nd longer si nteri ng ti m e.The ultra-fi ne trea tm ent of Si C powder a nd the pre-fbrm a ti on a nd uni form di stri buti on of YAG could i m prove the si nteri ng densi fi ca ti on of the Si C com posi te powders.The dense m i crostructure a nd fi
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