CXCL9在乳腺癌中的表达及其与肿瘤免疫浸润特征的相关性研究.pdf
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1、Vol.43 No.7 Jul.2023上海交通大学学报(医学版)JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY(MEDICAL SCIENCE)Vol.43 No.7 Jul.2023JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY(MEDICAL SCIENCE)CXCL9 在乳腺癌中的表达及其与肿瘤免疫浸润特征的相关性研究杜少倩,陶梦玉,曹源,王红霞,胡孝渠,范广建#,臧丽娟#上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院肿瘤中心,上海 201600摘要 目的探究C-X-C模体趋化因子配体9(C-X-C motif chemokine
2、 ligand 9,CXCL9)表达对乳腺癌患者预后的影响及其与肿瘤浸润免疫细胞(tumor-infiltrating immune cell,TIIC)的相关性。方法从癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库获得乳腺癌患者的1 100例癌组织和112例癌旁组织的转录组数据,并采用CIBERSORT反卷积算法分析乳腺癌免疫微环境中TIIC亚群比例及其对患者的预后影响。分别从TCGA数据库、ImmPort数据库和GEPIA2数据平台下载差异表达基因、免疫相关基因和乳腺癌预后相关基因,运用R语言分析该3类基因集的相交关系,以筛选目的基因。根据已下载的转录组数
3、据,分析CXCL9的正相关基因、CXCL9 mRNA在乳腺癌组织和癌旁组织中的表达差异及其对患者预后的影响。利用STRING数据平台对CXCL9进行蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络分析,利用R语言对CXCL9正相关基因和PPI网络获得的互作蛋白对应的基因行基因本体数据库(Gene Ontology,GO)功能分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome,KEGG)通路分析。运用Spearman相关系数分析CXCL9 mRNA表达与TIIC亚群、免疫检查点相关基因的相关性。收集60
4、例乳腺癌患者的石蜡组织样本并制成组织芯片,采用免疫组织化学染色(immunohistochemistry staining,IHC)分析芯片中CXCL9表达和CD8+T细胞浸润的相关性。采用多重荧光免疫组织化学染色(multiplex immunohistochemistry staining,mIHC)分析芯片中乳腺癌组织间质内CXCL9+细胞的类型。采用Kaplan-Meier(KM)生存曲线分析CXCL9 mRNA表达、CD8+T细胞浸润双因素对乳腺癌患者预后的影响。结果CIBERSORT算法分析显示乳腺癌免疫微环境中TIIC亚群的分布比例差异大,其对患者的预后影响也大不相同。绘制上述3
5、类基因集的韦恩图,筛选出目的基因CXCL9。获得与CXCL9正相关的前150个基因。在乳腺癌4种分子分型中CXCL9 mRNA的表达水平高于癌旁组织(均P=0.000),且其高表达与患者的良好预后相关(HR=0.624,P=0.013)。通过PPI网络分析共获得41个互作蛋白。GO和KEGG分析的结果显示,CXCL9及其相关基因主要富集在免疫调控相关的生物功能和通路。Spearman相关系数分析的结果显示,CXCL9 mRNA表达与CD8+T细胞的浸润比例呈正相关,与M2型巨噬细胞的浸润比例呈负相关,且与多数免疫检查点基因的表达呈正相关(均P0.05)。IHC实验结果显示,相较于癌旁组织,乳腺
6、癌组织中CXCL9的表达较高,且伴随CD8+T细胞浸润比例增加(P=0.000);mIHC结果发现,乳腺癌间质中CXCL9在部分CD68+肿瘤相关巨噬细胞和CD11c+树突状细胞内表达。KM生存曲线显示,当CXCL9高表达时,CD8+T细胞高浸润才能延长乳腺癌患者的生存期。结论CXCL9可作为乳腺癌患者良好预后的生物标志物,在乳腺癌微环境中CXCL9的高表达与CD8+T细胞的浸润比例呈正相关并可能激活其抗肿瘤作用。同时,CXCL9的表达可能与肿瘤组织中募集淋巴细胞至肿瘤微环境发挥抗肿瘤免疫应答功能密切相关。关键词乳腺癌;C-X-C模体趋化因子配体9;肿瘤免疫浸润;生物信息学分析;CD8+T细胞
7、DOI10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2023.07.008 中图分类号R737.9 文献标志码ACXCL9 expression in breast cancer and its correlation with the characteristics of tumor immunoinfiltrationDU Shaoqian,TAO Mengyu,CAO Yuan,WANG Hongxia,HU Xiaoqu,FAN Guangjian#,ZANG Lijuan#Department of Oncology Center,Shanghai General Hospita
8、l,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 201600,China论著 基础研究基金项目 上海申康医院发展中心临床三年行动计划(SHDC2020CR2065B,SHDC2020CR5005);浙江省自然科学基金(LY20H160010)。作者简介 杜少倩(1997),女,硕士生;电子信箱:。通信作者 臧丽娟,电子信箱:。范广建,电子信箱:。#为共同通信作者。Funding Information Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Hospital Development Cente
9、r(SHDC2020CR2065B,SHDC2020CR5005);Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY20H160010).Corresponding Author ZANG Lijuan,E-mail:.FAN Guangjian,E-mail:.#Co-corresponding authors.860杜少倩,等CXCL9在乳腺癌中的表达及其与肿瘤免疫浸润特征的相关性研究http:/上海交通大学学报(医学版),2023,43(7)Abstract Objective To explore the effect of C-X-
10、C motif chemokine ligand 9(CXCL9)expression on the prognosis of breast cancer patients and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells(TIICs).Methods Transcriptome data of 1 100 breast tumor tissues and 112 adjacent tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.CIBERSORT
11、deconvolution algorithm was used to analyze the proportion of TIIC subgroups in breast cancer immune microenvironment and its effect on the prognosis of patients.Differentially expressed genes,immune-related genes and breast cancer prognostic-related genes were downloaded from TCGA database,ImmPort
12、database and GEPIA2 data platform,respectively.The intersection relationships of the three gene sets were analyzed by using R language,and the target genes were screened.Based on the downloaded transcriptome data,CXCL9 positive-related genes,the difference of CXCL9 mRNA expression in breast cancer t
13、issues and adjacent tissues and its effect on the prognosis of patients were analyzed.STRING data platform was used to analyze the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of CXCL9.Gene Ontology(GO)function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome(KEGG)pathway analysis were performed on CX
14、CL9 positive correlation genes and the genes corresponding to the interacting proteins obtained from the PPI network by using R language.Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between CXCL9 mRNA expression and TIIC subgroups and immune checkpoint-related genes.Paraffin
15、tissue samples of 60 clinical breast cancer patients were collected and made into tissue chips.The correlation between CXCL9 expression and CD8+T cells infiltration in the tissue chips was detected by immunohistochemical staining(IHC).The types of CXCL9+cells in breast cancer interstitium were analy
16、zed by multiplex immunohistochemistry staining(mIHC).Kaplan-Meier(KM)survival curve was used to analyze the effect of CXCL9 mRNA expression and CD8+T cell infiltration on the prognosis of breast cancer patients.Results CIBERSORT algorithm analysis showed that the distribution proportion of TIIC subg
17、roups in breast cancer immune microenvironment varied greatly,and their effect on patients prognosis was also different.The Venn diagram of three types of gene sets was drawn,and CXCL9 was screened out.The top 150 positive correlation genes with CXCL9 were obtained.CXCL9 mRNA expression levels in fo
18、ur molecular types of breast cancer were higher than those in adjacent tissues(all P=0.000),and their high expressions were significantly associated with good prognosis of patients(P=0.013).A total of 41 interacting proteins were obtained through PPI network analysis.GO and KEGG analysis showed that
19、 CXCL9 and its related genes were mainly enriched in biological functions and pathways related to immune regulation.Spearman correlation coefficient analysis showed that the expression level of CXCL9 mRNA was positively correlated with CD8+T cells infiltration ratio,negatively correlated with M2-typ
20、e macrophages infiltration ratio,and positively correlated with most immune checkpoint genes expression(all P0.05).IHC experiments showed that CXCL9 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues,accompanied by an increased percentage of CD8+T cells infiltration(P=0.000
21、).mIHC results showed that CXCL9 was expressed in some CD68+tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)and CD11c+dendritic cells(DCs)in the stroma of breast cancer.KM survival curve showed that when CXCL9 was highly expressed,CD8+T cells high infiltration could prolong the survival of breast cancer patients.
22、Conclusion CXCL9 can be used as a biomarker for good prognosis of breast cancer patients.The high expression of CXCL9 in the microenvironment of breast cancer is positively correlated with the infiltration ratio of CD8+T cells and may activate its anti-tumor effect.The expression of CXCL9 may be clo
23、sely related to the recruitment of lymphocytes into the tumor microenvironment for anti-tumor immune response.Key words breast cancer;C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9(CXCL9);tumor immunoinfiltration;bioinformatics analysis;CD8+T cell乳腺癌是女性最常见的癌症之一,也是女性癌症相关死亡的第二大原因1。据统计,2022年全球女性乳腺癌新发病例数约占所有新诊断癌症数的31%1
24、,位居女性恶性肿瘤第1位,因其死亡的人数估计占女性癌症相关死亡总人数的15%。近年来,临床上常采用免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitor,ICI)对乳腺癌患者进行治疗,该方法虽能大幅提升转移性乳腺癌患者的总生存率2-4,但多数患者存在对免疫疗法无响应或在响应治疗后出现复发等问题,缓解率各不相同。因此,探究乳腺癌转移的分子机制并发现有潜力的预后生物标志物和分子靶点对于乳腺癌早期转移过程中的干预和治疗具有重要的科学意义。研究5-6显示,乳腺癌的侵袭性和耐药性可能是由于其肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment,TME)的高度异质性所致。有研究发现,
25、TME由肿瘤细胞、肿瘤浸润免疫细胞(tumor-infiltrating immune cell,TIIC)、细胞因子、趋化因子、细胞外基质等组成7,且各组分间的相互作用是TME异质性的重要原因之一,可直接或间接地促进肿瘤转移8-9。其中,有研究10已证实TIIC的数量和活动状态可决定结直肠癌患者的生存时间。相关研究11-13显示,运输和招募免疫细胞到肿瘤组织中是启动和传递抗肿瘤免疫反应的重要环节,而运输和招募过程需通过特定的免疫细胞受体与趋化因子结合来介导。同时,肿瘤细胞也可以通过免疫检查点抑制T细胞的激活,从而逃避免疫杀伤。与免疫细胞低浸润肿瘤(“冷”肿瘤)的患者相比,免疫细胞高浸润肿瘤(
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