新人教版八年级英语上册unit3知识点总结.docx

8、铁生锈的原因是什么？人们怎样防止铁生锈？
8、我们把铁钉一半浸在水里，一半暴露在空气中，过几天我们发现铁钉在空气中的部分已经生锈，在水中的部分没有生锈。通过实验，我们得出铁生锈与空气有关。
18、建立自然保护区是保护生物多样性的有效方法，我国的九寨沟、长白山、四川卧龙等地都建立了自然保护区，自然保护区为物种的生存、繁衍提供了良好的场所。
答：火柴燃烧、铁钉生锈、白糖加热等。
答：优点：占地小，避免了垃圾污染地下水，产生的热量还可以用来发电。
9、物质的变化一般分为物理变化和化学变化。化学变化伴随的现象很多，最重要的特点是产生了新物质。物质发生化学变化的过程中一定发生了物理变化。
18、建立自然保护区是保护生物多样性的有效方法，我国的九寨沟、长白山、四川卧龙等地都建立了自然保护区，自然保护区为物种的生存、繁衍提供了良好的场所。
2、1969年7月，美国的“阿波罗11号”载人飞船成功地在月球上着陆。
2、昆虫种类繁多，分布很广，它们有着和其他动物不同的身体构造和本领。
18、建立自然保护区是保护生物多样性的有效方法，我国的九寨沟、长白山、四川卧龙等地都建立了自然保护区，自然保护区为物种的生存、繁衍提供了良好的场所。Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister
Ø 基础单词
Section A

adj.外向的
adj.更好的；较好的
adv.大声地；高声地；花俏地
adv.安静地；悄悄地；平静地
adj.勤勉的；努力工作的
n.竞争；比赛
adj.极好的；了不起的
adj.哪一个；哪一些
adv.清楚地；显然地
v.赢；赢得；获胜；获得n.胜利

Section B

虽然；尽管；
adj.有才能的；有天赋的
adv.真实地；真诚地；正确地
关心(短语)
adj.严肃的；严重的；庄重的
n.镜子；反映
n. 孩子，小孩
只要(短语)
adj.必要的；必然的
和...不同(短语)
adj.两者都pron.两者
拿出；推出(短语)
n. 成绩
应该；可能；应当；将要
与...同样的(短语)

n. 名言
v.到达；伸出；达成；
n.援手
vt.触摸；感动
n.心脏；内心
事实上；实际上；确切地说(短语)
v.打碎；折断；违背；解决；中断
n. 胳膊
v.笑；嘲笑 n.笑声；笑料
vt.分享，共享；分配；共有
adj.大声的；adv.大声地；响亮地______
类似于；与...相似(短语)
小学(短语)
n.信息；情报；资料；通知____________
Ø 重要短语
Section A

1. both A and B A和B都…
2. both of… 两者都…
3. play the drums 敲鼓
4. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗，
5. as+形容词/副词+as... 与……一样，
6. not as/so+形容词/副词+as 不如
7. the singing competition 歌咏比赛
8. the most important 最重要的
9. something new 一些新的东西
10. have fun doing sth. 过得愉快
11. get up 起床
12. work hard 努力工作；学习
13. run fast 跑得快

Section B

1. be talented in… 在……方面有天赋
2. the same as 与……相同
3.(truly) care about (真正)关心/留意/关注
4. make sb. do sth. 使某人笑
5. be different from 与…不同
6. make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友
7. as long as 只要；与…一样长
8. bring out 拿出；推出
9. in fact 事实上；实际
10. primary school 小学
12. get better grades取得好成绩，
13. reach for伸手达到/达到
14. touch one’s heart 感动，
17. be good at 在某方面成绩好，
18. the other另一个，
19. be similar to 与…相似，
20. be good with 与…和睦相处
21. be like a mirror 像一面镜子

22. be friendly with sb. 对某人很友好
23. It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth.  对某人来说，做某事……的。
24. the most important thing is to …… 最重要的事是…….
Ø 重点讲解Section A

形容词与副词的比较级
大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。
1．规则变化
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词末尾加-er，-est
tall（高的）
great（巨大的）
taller
greater
tallest
greatest
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节
词只加-r，-st
nice（好的）
large（大的）
nicer
larger
nicest
largest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅
音字母，再加-er，-est
big（大的）
hot（热的）
bigger
hotter
biggest
hottest
“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，
-est
easy（容易的）
busy（忙的）
easier
busier
easiest
busiest
少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-est
clever（聪明的）
narrow（窄的）
cleverer
narrower
cleverest
narrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级
important（重要的）
easily（容易地）
more important
more easily
most important
most easily
2．不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good（好的）well（健康的）
better
best
bad（坏的）ill（有病的）
worse
worst
old（老的）
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many（多的）
more
most
little（少的）
less
least
far（远的）
farther/further
farthest/furthest
注意：双音节副词的比较级一般在前加 more/最高级在前加 most：
more loudly, clearly, quietly/ most clearly, quietly, loudly.
但是，friendly 和healthy是形容词他们 的比较是：friendlier 和healthier. 最高级是：friendliest, healthiest
talented, crowded 的比较级都是在前加more。more talented, more crowded,
句子结构：
1.A+ be动词/谓语动词+形容词/副词的比较级+than+B
2.A+ be动词/谓语动词+as+形容词/副词的原级+as +B
3.A+ be动词/谓语动词+not+as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as +B
4. the+比较级……；the+比较级…… 越……就越……
Eg: The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have.
5. 比较级 and 比较级 表示越来越……
Eg: It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes.
注：much, a little 修饰比较级，用在比较级之前。
Eg；1. I’m ________ than my little brother. He is always very shy.
A. cleverer B. taller C. quieter D. more outgoing
2. Our school is ________ than their school.
A. much beautiful B. much more beautiful
C. more much beautiful D. a little beautiful
3. Mike always does his homework as ______ as the exams.
A. good B. well C. better D. best
4. ________ friends you have, ________ you will be.
A. More; happier B. The more; the happier
C. More; more happy D. The more; the more happy
5.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。
This dictionary____________ useful _________you think.
2. 区别win和beat。
win 意为“赢，战胜，打败”，后接比赛，战斗，辩论，奖品，钱等。
win a game赢得比赛
beat 意为“打败，战胜”，后接人和集体。beat a team 战胜/打败一队
Eg: ----Who ________ the tennis game yesterday?
---- Jack, he ________ all the others.
A. beat; won B. won; won C .beat ;beat D. won; beat
Section B
1. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
Eg；--- You look so tired.
--- My mother makes me ______ playing the piano for 2 hours every day.
A. practice B. to practice C. practicing
2. 辨析：reach, get to与arrive
① reach为及物动词，后面直接接宾语。
E.g. They reached Hangzhou yesterday.
② get to后接地点名词，如果接there，here或home等地点副词，to必须省略。 E.g. How did you get to the station？
③ arrive到达国家、城市等大的地方用in，到迭学校、商店等小的地方用at。接there，here或home等地点副词时不用介词in或at。
E.g. I___________ the company three hours ago.
They __________ Hangzhou yesterday.
Ø 能力测评
一. 汉译英。
1. 相反的观点________________　　　　 2. 跑得快 ________________
3. 跳得高 ________________　　　　 　 4. 工作努力 ________________
5. 擅长 ________________　　　　 　　 6. 赢得比赛 ________________
7. 使显现 _______________　　 8. 两者都________________
9. 玩得开心______________　　　　　　 　10. 关心，在意__________________
二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. She is a little _________(heavy) than her sister.
2. This book is _________(interest) and I like it very much.
3. He is not funny, and he is always very _________(serious).
4. Is Jack talented in _________(play) soccer?
5. Lucy always _________(beat) me in swimming.
6. A true friend _________ (reach) for your hand and _________ (touch)your heart.
7. She is very funny and often makes me ________(laugh).
8. I enjoy________(sing). I want to be a singer when I grow up.
9. Here are ________(photo) of my brother.
10. There are some ________(different) between the twins.
三．根据题意从括号内选择适当的单词完成下列句子。
1. I am a little __________ (short, shorter) than my brother.
2. Helen is the __________ (young, younger) of the two.
3. The __________ (soon, sooner) you come here, the __________ (good, better) it will be.
4. She studies __________ (well, better) than me.
5. Shanghai is bigger than __________ (any, any other) city in China.
四. 单项选择。
　1. My friend is the same _______ me. We are _______ quiet.
　　A. as; both　　　 B. as; all　　　 C. to; both　　 　 D. to; all
　2. Is Tara shorter than Tina? Yes, she is ______ Tina.
　　A. as tall as　　　 B. not as tall as 　　　C. taller than 　　　D. as taller as
　3. Pedro is quite funny. He often makes us _______ .
　　A. laugh 　　　 B. to laugh 　　　 C. laughing　　　 D. laughed
　4. Tom has _______ than Sam and he is as young as Sam.
　　A. short hair 　　　B. shorter hair 　　　 C. a short hair 　　　D. short hairs
　5. You can go out _____ you promise(许诺) to be back before 11 o’clock.
　　A. as good as 　　　 B. as far as　　　 C. as long as　　　 D. as short as
　6. There are some ________ between Pedro and Paul.
　　A. different 　　 　B．differences 　　 　C. difference　　　 D. differents
　7. I want to find a friend who is similar _____ me.
　　A. with 　　 　B. as 　　　 C. to 　　　 D. for
　8. Who runs _______,Tom or Jim?
　　A. fast　　　 B. faster　　　 C. fastest　　 D. more fast
　9. John is __________ than Peter.
　　A. funnier　　 B. fun　　　 C. funny 　 　 D. more funny
　10. My sister is __________ more outgoing than me.
　　A. more　　　 B. most　　　 C. a little　　 　D. little
11. __________like sports and are outgoing.
A. Both of them B. Both they C. They are both D. They both are
12. The new teacher is quite __________ Mr. Wang. I like her better.
A. different from B. the same as C. difference D. the same to
13. — Who is __________ , Maria or May? — I think May __________.
A. smart; is B. very smart; does C. smarter; does D. smarter; is
14. The tiger __________ the cat.
A. looks the same B. looks the same like
C. looks the same as D. looks like the same
15. Look! Your bag is a little smaller than __________.
A. his B. her C. my D. their
五. 完形填空。
　　I have a twin sister. Kitty. She has ____1____　hair than me. I don’t like long hair. Many people think we ____2____　have lots of things in common. I’m afraid this is not true. When my parents’ friends come to our home, Kitty often sits there and says ____3____, but I like to talk with them. So she is ____4　____　than me. Kitty likes reading, drawing and cooking. I just like swimming and playing basketball. She has ____5____　hobbies than me, but she is not as athletic ____6____　me. Because Kitty does ____7____　than me at school, my parents often say to me, “____8____　Kitty is younger than you, you should learn ____9____　her.” We do have some similarities(相似之处), however. For example, we ____10____　like eating fast food, going shopping and listening to pop music.
　　1. A. longer　　　　　 B. long　 　　　　　 C. short　 　　　 D. shorter
　　2. A. can　　　　　　 B. should　　　　　　 C. must　 　　　 D. need
　　3. A. something　　　 B. nothing　　　　　 C. anything　　　 D. everything
　　4. A. quieter　　　　 B. younger　　　　　 C. wilder　　 　 D. busier
　　5. A. much　　 　　　　 B. more　　　　　　 C. less　　　　　 D. fewer
　　6. A. than　　　　　　 B. as　　　 　　　　 C. to　　　 　　 D. for
　　7. A. worse 　 　 　　 B. bad　　　　　　 　C. better　　　　 D. good
　　8. A. If　　　 　　　　 B. No matter　　　　 C. Although　　　 D.As
　　9. A. with　　　　　　 B. from　　 　　　　 C. as　　　　　　D. by
　　10.A.either　　 　 B. all　　　　　　 　 C. both　　 　　 D. two
六、阅读理解。 A
　　Smith is one of my friends. He can run very fast and he is always ready to show people how fast he can run.
　　One day a thief breaks into his house, takes some things of his and runs off as fast as he can. Smith runs after him and shouts, “Stop! Stop! Don’t you know you can’t run away from me?”
　　But the thief only runs faster. Smith gets angry. He tries his best to run. He is soon a few miles (英里) away from his home. He doesn’t look at anything or anybody and is still rushing(冲) alone when he runs into me.
　　“Why are you in a hurry?” I ask.
　　“I am trying to catch a thief.”
　　“But where is the thief?” I ask.
　　“Far, far behind me.” Says Smith with a smile on the face.
　　“He thinks he can run faster than I, but you see he is wrong.”
　　6. Smith wants everybody to know that ____________.
　　 A. he is good at running　　　 B. he jumps high 　　　C. he is ready to run
7. Someone takes away some things from his house and then __________.
　A. goes out of his house 　　　B. goes into his house　C. runs away quickly
8. Smith gets angry because the thief ___________.
　　A. takes away something good B. does not stop running
　　C. runs faster than before
9. Smith is very glad to tell his friend ___________.
　　A. he catches the thief B. he runs much faster than the thief
　　C. he is miles and miles behind the thief
10. Where is the thief?
　　A. He runs away. B. He runs after Smith. C. He stops to watch Smith running.
B
A little mouse thinks he is the tallest and strongest animal in the world. His mother says to him “Don’t say you are the strongest in front of an elephant. He doesn’t like that.”
　　The little mouse doesn’t listen to his mother. He goes out to look for the elephant, but he doesn’t know who is the elephant. He meets an ant first. He asks her, “Are you an elephant?” “No, I am not,” says the ant.
　　Then the little mouse meets a hare(野兔). He asks her, “Are you an elephant? You are bigger than me.” “No, I am not. An elephant is much bigger,” says the hare. The little mouse goes on.
　　Suddenly he sees four big trees, “Aha, let me climb up one of the trees. Then I can see where the elephant is,” says the little mouse. Then he begins to climb one tree.
　　“Get down! Get down!” someone shouts to him. “I’m the elephant. Go and climb that tall tree nearby. Then you can see me.”
　　“Now I see. The elephant is the tallest and strongest animal in the world,” says the little mouse at last.
　　根据短文内容判断正（T）误（F）。
　　1. The little mouse thinks his mother is the tallest and strongest animal in the world.
　　2. The little mouse knows who is the elephant at first.
　　3. The little mouse meets an ant first.
　　4. The little mouse climbs up one of the four trees.
　　5. The little mouse thinks the elephant is the tallest and strongest animal in the world at last.

七．书面表达。
请根据要求写一篇日记。上个休息日(4月24日，星期日，天气晴朗)，我过得非常有趣。
　上午：去中心动物园，看到一些海豹，一些鲨鱼和海豚表演，然后和朋友一起去打篮球，游泳。
　中午：在肯德基吃午饭 (汉堡包，可乐，水果冰淇淋等）。
　下午：去新华书店看书，买了一些礼物。到中山公园游玩并照相。字数： 60-80词
April 24th Sunday Sunny
Last day off, I had a great time. In the morning, I got up very early. After eating breakfast, I went to Center zoo and saw some seals, sharks and dolphin’s show. I bought some souvenirs. Then I went out playing basketball with my good friend Jim for one hour, and then we swam at the pool. We had some hamburgers and coke for lunch at KFC. We also had some fruit ice-cream. We had a rest for one and a half hours, then we went to Xinhua bookshop and read some books. We went to Zhongshan Park, we bought some gifts, and the park is very beautiful. We took lots of photos there. We enjoyed ourselves very much.