山东省潍坊市2020年中考英语试题（解析版）.doc

2020年潍坊市初中学业水平考试
英语试题
注意事项：
1.本试题满分90分，考试时间为90分钟；
2.答卷前务必将试题密封线内及答题卡上面的项目填涂清楚。所有答案都必须涂、写在答题卡相应位置，答在本试卷上一律无效。
一、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A

①Amy: Bye, Lucy. I have to bounce!
Lucy: What?
Amy: I have to bounce. You know—I have to go. We say that a lot in San Francisco.
②Lucy: That's cool! What other things do you and your friends say?
Amy: Well, for example, we say someone is 'sketchy' if we think they aren't very nice.
Lucy: Sketchy? All right I like it.
③Amy: What about things you say here in Britain?
Lucy: Well, if I say ‘He's tasty’, do you know what it means?
Amy: Beats me!
Lucy: It means he's good-looking.
④Amy: Look, there's Dave. He's quite tasty, isn't he?
Lucy: Well, he's a bit sketchy sometimes—but I like him!
Dave: Hi! What are you two laughing about?
Amy: I can't tell you now—I have to bounce!
Dave: Huh?
1. The two girls are mainly talking about ________.
A. the boy B. the language C. their friends D. their hometowns
2. The three characters are making a conversation in ________ according to the picture.
A. a school yard B. a supermarket C. a library D. a cinema
3. When they say "A girl is tasty" in Britain, it means she is ________.
A. kind B. smart C. pretty D. happy
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
对话大意：这是Lucy和Amy在谈论英国和美国存在的一些常用语，之后Dave也加入其中。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中“I have to bounce. You know—I have to go. ”“Well, for example, we say someone is 'sketchy' if we think they aren't very nice.”“Well, if I say ‘He's tasty’, ... It means he's good-looking.”提到了一些常用语及其意思，由此可推出两个女孩主要是在谈论语言。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据图片中“PARK SCHOOL”的标志，可知对话发生在校园里。故选A。
【3题详解】
句意猜测题。kind善良的；smart聪明的；pretty漂亮的；happy高兴的。根据文中“Well, if I say ‘He's tasty’, ... It means he's good-looking.”可知tasty在形容人时，意思是好看的，由此可推出在英国说“A girl is tasty”就是说她是漂亮的。故选C。
B
A neighbor called 911 at 11:09 a.m. after seeing smoke coming from a house in the 165 block of 54th Street Southeast.
The man who lives in the home was able to get his older child and the family dog out of the house on fire. Just then Monroe police officers arrived. The father said his younger child was still on the upper level of the house but he didn't know where.
Officers did a quick search of the house but couldn't find the girl. One of them closed the door to the master bedroom, where the fire started, controlling it and slowing its spread. Firefighters arrived and after searching the closet and narrow beds in another bedroom, one firefighter noticed the closed toy box at the foot of the bed.
"She wasn't making sounds," later the firefighter said of the girl, whose exact age he didn't know. "I opened it up and saw her. She was lying in the toy box just balled up."
Firefighters got the girl outside, where she was examined by doctors and found to be fine. The fire was quickly put out. The police officer who managed to shut the master bedroom door was highly praised. And the girl's father was so thankful to firefighters.
4. How did the police officers know a child was still missing?
A. The neighbor called. B. The father told them.
C. The family dog jumped wildly. D. The child was making much noise.
5. Why did the officer try to shut the master bedroom door?
A. To protect the toy box. B. To slow the fire's spreading.
C. To clear the way for firefighters. D. To keep fire from entering the master bedroom.
6. Where was the girl found finally?
A. In a closet. B. Inside a toy box. C. Behind a door. D. Under a narrow bed.
7. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Calling 911 B. A house on fire C. Saving a girl out of fire D. A thankful father
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. B 7. C
【解析】
文章大意：本文主要讲一栋房子着火，父亲把大点的孩子和狗狗救出去后，告诉警察他的小孩子还在楼上不知哪里，详细讲述了警察和消防员是如何救出小女孩的。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第2段中“The father said his younger child was still on the upper level of the house but he didn't know where.”可知是父亲告诉警察还有个小孩没找到。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第3段中“One of them closed the door to the master bedroom, where the fire started, controlling it and slowing its spread. ”可知关闭主卧的门是为了控制火势，减缓火的传播速度。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第2段中“She was lying in the toy box just balled up.”可知小女孩最终是在一个玩具盒里被找到的。故选B。
【7题详解】
标题归纳题。本文主要讲一场大火中警察和消防员救出一个小女孩的过程，用“Saving a girl out of fire”做标题最合适。故选C。
C
Shameem was born in a small village in Pakistan. In her village, it was a tradition to keep girls inside their homes. They were not allowed to get an education.
Fortunately, Shameem's uncle, a university teacher, wanted to give her a chance to see the world. He offered Shameem a chance to attend school. So she became the only girl student in her class.
However, Shameem struggled to complete her schooling. To get permission for college, she went on three-day- hunger strike(抗议). After graduating from college, Shameem got a position in non-profit organization(非营利性组织)working to help women in rural(农村的)areas.
There, she saw a Pakistan that she didn't know. Until then, she thought she had a difficult life. But there, she saw what women in other parts of Pakistan were experiencing. Some women had 11 children, but nothing to feed them. They would walk three hours every day to get water.
Shameem found that the position was more than just a job for her. She discovered her power. By setting an example, her experience could encourage more people to understand the importance of education and send their daughters to school.
Now, Shameem teaches in a rural school in her hometown. "The first day I walked into the school," she said, "I saw all these little Shameems staring at me with dreams in their eyes, the same dream of freedom which I had in my childhood."
Today, there is not a single girl in her village who doesn't go to school.
8. Who played an important role in sending Shameem to school?
A. Her uncle. B. Her parents. C. A workmate. D. A university student.
9. Why did Shameem work for a non-profit organization?
A. To make much money. B. To finish her education.
C. To discover her power as an example. D. To help poor women in the countryside.
10. What's the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A. Shameem walked three hours to get water. B. Shameem used to know her homeland well.
C. Women and children were short of food. D. Women's situation was more awful than expected.
11. What's the influence of Shameem's effort?
A. Girls have the same dream. B. No girl is allowed to attend school.
C. All girls in the school are named Shameem. D. The idea of girls' education in her village has changed.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. D 11. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍巴基斯坦的女孩不允许受教育，Shameem在叔叔的帮助下得到上学的机会，完成大学学业之后，参加非营利性组织帮助农村的女性。发现巴基斯坦的女性比她想象中情况要糟糕得多，于是她鼓励更多的人意识到教育的重要性让他们送自己的女儿去上学。现在她村子里的女孩都受到了教育。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Fortunately, Shameem's uncle, a university teacher, wanted to give her a chance to see the world. He offered Shameem a chance to attend school”可知Shameem 的叔叔帮助她去上学。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Shameem got a position in non-profit organization(非营利性组织)working to help women in rural(农村的)areas”可知她加入组织是为了帮助农村地区的女性。故选D。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据“There, she saw a Pakistan that she didn't know…But there, she saw what women in other parts of Pakistan were experiencing”可知第四段主要讲述的是女性的状况比想象得要更加糟糕。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today, there is not a single girl in her village who doesn't go to school”可知她村子里的女孩子都受到教育，女性教育状况发生了改变。故选D。
D
根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填人文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。
How can we protect the Earth? One problem to solve is climate(气候)change. You might wonder about climate change. What is it, exactly?
Gases surround the Earth. ___12___ Sunlight passes down through the gases. The gases trap(储存)the sun's heat and act like blanket. Without these gases, the Earth would be very cold. The trouble comes when humans add too many gases to the atmosphere. The gases build up and trap even more heat. This causes changes in climate. The Earth becomes too warm.
___13___ There's another gas causing climate change. No one talks about it as much. It is nitrous oxide(氧化亚氮). Many call it laughing gas. Dentists may give patients nitrous oxide so they will not feel pain. The atmosphere has small amounts of nitrous oxide. But nitrous oxide can stay in the atmosphere more than 100 years which can change the climate a lot.
Nitrous oxide forms naturally. ___14___ Bacteria are living organisms(生物)made of single cells. Farmers use nitrogen fertilizer(氮肥)to help grow bigger crops. The bacteria in the soil take the nitrogen from the fertilizer and make more nitrous oxide with it.
So how can we help? "Number one is to not waste food," Wagner Riddle, a scientist from Canada, said. ___15___ That number comes from a U. S. university study. "There is a lot that goes into making food", Wagner Riddle says. "So then if it's wasted, it's for nothing."
A. That's the reason for climate change.
B. It comes from bacteria(细菌)that live in the dirt.
C. Carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)is one gas that traps heat.
D. More than one-third of all food created in the U. S. is wasted.
E. These gases reach high into the sky and are called the atmosphere(大气层).
【答案】12. E 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
本文介绍了什么是气候变化，引起气候变化的原因以及我们如何做能减少氧化亚氮的产生。
【12题详解】
根据Gases surround the Earth“大气环绕着地球”及Sunlight passes down through the gases“阳光通过大气照射下来”，可知，此空讲述与这些大气有关的内容。结合所给选项，此空填E选项，表示“这些大气升到高空，并叫作大气层”。故选E。
【13题详解】
根据There's another gas causing climate change“这是另一个引起气候改变的气体”，可知，此空介绍另一种气体。结合所给选项，此空填C选项，表示“二氧化碳是一种储存热量的气体”。故选C。
【14题详解】
根据Bacteria are living organisms(生物)made of single cells“细菌是由单细胞组成的生物”，可知，此空是讲述与细菌有关的内容。结合所给选项，此空填B选项，表示“它来自生活在泥土里的细菌”。故选B。
【15题详解】
根据So how can we help? "Number one is to not waste food,"“所以我们如何可以帮忙？第一件事情就是不要浪费食物”，可知，此空是讲述与浪费食物有关的内容。结合所给选项，此空填D选项，表示“美国生产的食物中有超过三分之一被浪费了”。故选D。
二、语言知识运用
A
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A group called New Story is working with a company called Icon to quickly build lots of houses for poor people in Tabasco, Mexico. The way they are building the houses is ___16___-by 3D-printing technology.

New Story is a group ___17___ works to bring cheap but good houses to people who can't ___18___ them. The group has built over 2,700 houses in places ___19___ Bolivia, EI Salvador, Haiti and Mexico. In the past, New Story built ___20___ houses in a normal way. But it ___21___ a long time. That's ___22___ New Story began to work with Icon. Icon has developed a way to build houses ___23___ by 3D-printing them with concrete(混凝土). Some areas where New Story wants to build houses suffer from earthquakes, ___24___ Icon's houses have been designed to hold up in earthquake conditions.

The houses in Tabasco have two bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen, and a bathroom. Because the houses are created with a computer design, it's easy to ____25____ the design to suit the needs of different families. They are expected to live in later this year.
16. A. common B. expensive C. unusual D. strong
17. A. these B. those C. this D. that
18. A. clean B. repair C. afford D. borrow
19. A. by B. with C. like D. between
20. A. its B. his C. her D. my
21. A. had B. took C. cost D. spent
22. A. why B. how C. what D. when
23. A. possibly B. quickly C. carefully D. suddenly
24. A. for B. so C. or D. as
25. A. share B. print C. change D. produce
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. C 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍New Story团队和ICON见智科技公司用3D打印技术帮助穷人建造房子。
【16题详解】
句意：他们建造房子的方式很不寻常，是通过3D打印技术。
common普通的；expensive昂贵的；unusual不寻常的；strong强壮的。根据“3D-printing technology”可知3D打印技术建造房子不寻常，用形容词unusual。故选C。
【17题详解】
句意：新故事是一个团队，给那些付不起钱的人带来便宜又好的房子。
these这些；those那些；this这个；that那个。a group后面是定语从句，先行词是group，定语从句缺主语，用关系代词that。 故选D。
【18题详解】
句意：新故事是一个团队，给那些付不起钱的人带来便宜又好的房子。
clean清理；repair修理；afford支付得起；borrow借。根据“bring cheap but good houses to people”可知此处表达的是付不起钱用couldn’t afford。故选C。
【19题详解】
句意：这个团队在像玻利维亚、萨尔瓦多、海地和墨西哥这样的地方建造了超过2700栋房子。
by通过；with和；like像；between在二者之间。根据“Bolivia, EI Salvador, Haiti and Mexico”可知是在举例子，用like。故答案为C。
【20题详解】
句意:在过去，新故事用正常的方式建造它的房子。
its它的；his他的；her她的；my我的。根据“New Story”可知此处用its表示“它的”。故选A。
【21题详解】
句意：但是要花很长时间。
had有；took拿走，做某事花某人多长时间；cost某人花费钱；spent某人花费时间或金钱在某物上或做某事。主语是it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词“建造房子”，谓语动词用took。故选B。
【22题详解】
句意:那是为什么新故事开始用Icon来工作。
why 为什么；how怎样；what什么；when什么时间。前面解释了原因，此处用why来说明“那就是为什么……的原因”。故选A。
【23题详解】
句意：Icon发展了一种方法用3D打印和混凝土来建房子。
possibly可能；quickly迅速地；carefully小心地；suddenly突然。根据“by3D-printing them with concrete”可知此处用副词carefully表示细心地。故选C。
【24题详解】
句意：新故事建造房子的一些地区受到地震的侵袭，因此Icon的房子被设计出来能承受住地震。
for为了；so因此；or否则；as因为。前面讲述的是原因，此处用连词so表示“因此”。故选B。
【25题详解】
句意：因为这些房子用电脑进行创作，很容易改变设计来满足不同家庭的需要。
share分享；print打印；change改变；produce生产。根据“suit the needs of different families”可知此处用动词change表示根据需要对设计进行改变。故选C。
B
阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。
On Saturday morning, every boy in town is happy, except Tom Sawyer. He has to paint the fence because he ___26___ (punish) for the mistakes he made yesterday. The fence is at least nine ___27___(foot) high and runs nearly half the block long. After only a few strokes, he sits down and begins to think of all the fun he has planned for the day. He knows that the painting ___28___(take) up all afternoon. Even ___29___(bad), other boys will come by soon and see him ___30___(do) his chores. Just then, Ben Rogers comes along the road with an apple in his hand. Tom has an idea. He picks up his brush and goes back to work.

"Got to work, hey?" says Ben. "Work? What work are you talking about? It's not every day a boy gets to paint a whole fence by ___31___(he)." Then Tom goes on ___32___(paint). Ben watches Tom in ___33___(silent). He becomes more and more ___34___(interest). After a while, he says, "Say, Tom, let me try."
"No, I'm sorry. Aunt Polly says there isn't one boy in a thousand that's fit to paint the fence."
"Come on, Tom. Let me just try, please...I'll give you my apple!"
Tom considers moment longer. Then very slowly he hands the brush over to Ben. Sitting under a shady tree, Tom eats the apple and watches Ben paint the fence in the hot sun. He thinks he ____35____(discover)something wonderful since then: To make a boy want something, all you have to do is make that something hard to get!
【答案】26. was punished
27. feet 28. will take
29. worse 30. do
31. himself
32. painting
33. silence
34. interested
35. has discovered
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述汤姆·索亚因为犯错被惩罚，他不得不给篱笆刷油漆。刷油漆将会占用整个下午的时间；甚至更糟的是，其他的男孩很快将过来看到他做这件事。所以他想办法让本罗杰斯来代替他刷油漆，而且还得到了一个苹果。他受到启发为了得到什么东西，所有你要做的事情是使这件东西让别人很难得到。
【26题详解】
句意：因为汤姆·索亚昨天犯错被惩罚，他不得不给篱笆刷油漆。
此处缺谓语动词，根据yesterday可知此处讲述是过去的事，动词用一般过去时态；主语he是单数，主语和动词punish之间是被动关系，用was punished。故答案为was punished。
【27题详解】
句意：篱笆至少有9英尺高，长度几乎有半个街区那么长。
根据nine可知此处名词foot需要变成复数feet。故答案为feet。
【28题详解】
句意:他知道刷油漆将会占用整个下午的时间。
此处缺谓语动词，此处讲述的是将来的动作用一般将来时will take。故答案为will take。
【29题详解】
句意：甚至更糟的是，其他的男孩很快将过来看到他做这件事。
此处讲述的是比上文“take up all afternoon”更糟的事情，此处用bad的比较级worse表示“更糟”。故答案为worse。
【30题详解】
句意：甚至更糟的是，其他的男孩很快将过来看到他做这件事。
此处表示“看到某人做某事”用动词短语see sb. do；此处用动词原形do。故答案为do。
【31题详解】
句意：不是每一天一个男孩子靠他自己开始给整个篱笆刷油漆。
此处表达“靠某人自己”用by oneself,此处用himself。故答案为himself。
【32题详解】
句意：然后汤姆继续刷油漆。
此处用动词短语go on doing表示“继续做某事”，此处用动名词painting，故答案为painti