广东省深圳市2021年中考英语试题（解析版）.doc

深圳市 2021年初中毕业生学业水平考试
英语
第一部分选择题（50分）
I. 完形填空 （10分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将相应字母编号涂黑。（共 10 小题, 每小题1分）
It started 30 years ago with a squirrel. A few months after I had moved into a downtown ____1____ my next-door neighbor, Nicole Figaro, knocked, asking for help with a squirrel that had gotten into her flat.
I frightened the unexpected ____2____ away and made a new friend. Soon Nicole was inviting me over for dinner or ____3____ home-made food at my door. When I went to my beach house, Nicole helped ____4____ my mail and water my plants. And when she traveled as a flight attendant, I did the same for her. Wherever she went, she’d ____5____ to bring me wonderful gifts, but her smile has been the greatest of all.
In 1997, I had a lovely child and it was Nicole who took care of me and him. Years later, I returned the favour. I helped out when her husband was sick, ____6____ her and giving her support. More and more, we drew inspiration from each other.
____7____, the pandemic hit. My husband was out of work and my son couldn’t be back to Britain because of the virus. I was ____8____ about them. Nicole helped my family to prepare for the pandemic and shared necessities with me. Without her, I couldn’t go through ____9____ times.
A _____10_____ might separate our flats and masks can separate the viruses, but nothing is able to separate our hearts.
1. A. house B. flat C. street D. area
2. A. customer B. host C. guest D. enemy
3. A. selling B. making C. posting D. leaving
4. A. look for B. copy down C. pick up D. hold out
5. A. forget B. keep C. think D. remember
6. A. helping out B. staying with C. smiling at D. depending on
7. A. Especially B. Actually C. Generally D. Unluckily
8. A. worried B. mad C. nervous D. serious
9. A. exciting B. simple C. difficult D. good
10. A. room B. wall C. yard D. garden
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B
【解析】
【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己在30年前搬进了一套公寓，因为帮助邻居吓跑了她公寓里的松鼠而和邻居成为了好朋友，从此以后彼此互相关心和照顾的故事。
【1题详解】
句意：在我搬进市中心的一套公寓几个月后，我的邻居妮可费加罗(Nicole Figaro)敲了敲门。
house房子；flat公寓；street街道；area区域。根据下文“asking for help with a squirrel that had gotten into her flat.”可知是我搬进了市中心的一套公寓，故选B。
【2题详解】
句意：我把不速之客吓跑了，结交了一位新朋友。
customer客户；host主人；guest客人；enemy敌人。根据上文“asking for help with a squirrel that had gotten into her flat.”可知是邻居的公寓里进入了一只松鼠，因此应是把这位不速之客给吓跑了，unexpected guest“不速之客”，故选C。
【3题详解】
句意：很快妮可就邀请我去吃晚饭，或者把家里做的食物放在我的门口。
selling销售；making制造；posting邮寄；leaving离开、留下。根据后面“at my door.”可知是她会把食物留在我的门口，故选D。
【4题详解】
句意：当我去我的海滨别墅时，妮可帮我取邮件，给我的植物浇水。
look for寻找；copy down抄下；pick up捡起、获取；hold out坚持、伸出。根据后面的“my mail”，可知是当我去我的海滨别墅时，妮可帮我取邮件，故选C。
【5题详解】
句意：无论她走到哪里，她都会记得给我带很棒的礼物。
forget忘记；keep保持；think想；remember记得。根据上文语境及“to bring me wonderful gifts, but her smile has been the greatest of all.”可知此处应是她无论去哪里都记得给我带很棒的礼物，remember to do sth.“记得去做某事”，故选D。
【6题详解】
句意：她丈夫生病时，我帮助她，陪在她身边，给予她支持。
helping out帮助；staying with和……呆在一起；smiling at对……微笑；depending on取决于。根据下文“giving her support.”可知是她丈夫生病时，和她呆在一起，陪在她身边，故选B。
【7题详解】
句意：不幸的是，流行疾病爆发了。
Especially特别；Actually实际上；Generally通常；Unluckily不幸地。根据下文“the pandemic hit.”流行疾病爆发了，可知应该是不幸地，故选D。
【8题详解】
句意：我很担心他们。
worried担心的；mad发疯的；nervous紧张的；serious严肃的。根据上文“My husband was out of work and my son couldn’t be back to Britain because of the virus.”丈夫失业，儿子因为病毒不能回英国，可知作者应是担心的，故选A。
【9题详解】
句意：没有她，我就无法度过困难时期。
exciting令人兴奋的；simple简单的；difficult困难的；good好的。根据“My husband was out of work and my son couldn’t be back to Britain because of the virus”可知，这对作者来说是很困难的时期，故选C。
【10题详解】
句意：一堵墙可以隔离我们的公寓，口罩可以隔离病毒。
room房间；wall墙；yard院子；garden花园。根据上文“my next-door neighbor,”我隔壁的邻居，结合“A … might separate our flats”以及常识，可知墙可以隔开我们的公寓，故选B。
II阅读理解 （40分）
第一节 阅读下列短文, 从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选山最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将相应字母编号涂黑。（共 15 小题, 每小题2分）
A
Shashiyu was once a poor village in Hebei Province, but now it has changed into a rich and livable place.
In the 1940s, villagers in Shashiyu had little food and few clothes, but they had a strong wish for a better life. Zhang Guishun, the Party secretary of Shashiyu, encouraged his villagers to do their best to pull themselves out of poverty. “In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work, why can’t we? Nobody was born to be poor?” Hearing his words, the villagers decided to make a difference.
Led by the Communist Party of China（中国共产党）, the villagers carried water and soil to their village from faraway places to improve their land. From 1966 to. 1971, they reclaimed（开垦）lots of land and greatly improved their life.
However, the village encountered a new problem two decades later as the environment became heavily polluted by chemical plants and mine refineries built in 1990s.
The polluting factories were shut down in 2004, and villagers started grape cultivation, which soon became a main industry in Shashiyu.
In 2009, the city-level government invested over 1 million yuan($152, 723) to change the village’s exhibition hall into a museum in memory of development efforts made by earlier generations.
After 10 years, the village was called “National Forest Village”.
Zhang said that the village started a yearly tourism festival in 2015 to attract travelers to pick grapes. “The grapes could be sold at a better price once Shashiyu becomes famous through this festival. Our villagers can then live even better lives,” he said.
11. Why did Zhang Guishun use the story of Yu Gong to encourage the villagers?
A. Because Yu Gong had strong will and hard work.
B. Because Yu Gong was born poor too.
C. Because the villagers worshiped Yu Gong.
D. Because Yu Gong became rich at last.
12. From 1966 to 1971, what did the villagers do to improve their living situation?
A. They planted grapes to earn money.
B. They carried water and soil to their village to improve their lands.
C. They moved to another place to live a better life.
D. They built a lot of factories.
13. Which word can be used to describe the villagers?
A. Hard-working. B. Lazy. C. Kind-hearted. D. Stupid.
14. When was Shashiyu called "National Forest Village"?
A. In 2009. B. In 2004. C. In 2015. D. In 2019.
15. Where can you probably read the passage?
A. In a storybook. B. In a newspaper. C. Ina sports magazine. D. In a science book
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了河北省的一个贫困村——沙市峪在中国共产党脱贫攻坚的正确领导下，在全体村民的共同努力下，发生了翻天覆地的变化的故事。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中“In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work, why can’t we?”可知，张贵顺用愚公的故事来激励村民是因为愚公意志坚强，工作努力。故选A。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中“Led by the Communist Party of China（中国共产党）, the villagers carried water and soil to their village from faraway places to improve their land.”可知，从1966年到1971年，村民们把水和土壤运到他们的村庄改善土地来改善他们的生活状况。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中“Led by the Communist Party of China（中国共产党）, the villagers carried water and soil to their village from faraway places to improve their land. From 1966 to. 1971, they reclaimed（开垦）lots of land and greatly improved their life.” 和“and villagers started grape cultivation, which soon became a main industry in Shashiyu.”可推理出，沙石峪的村民是很勤奋的。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中“In 2009, the city-level government invested over 1 million yuan($152, 723) to change the village’s exhibition hall into a museum in memory of development efforts made by earlier generations. After 10 years, the village was called “National Forest Village”.”可推理出，沙石峪在2019年被称“国家森林村”。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。短文主要记叙了河北省的一个贫困村——沙市峪在中国共产党脱贫攻坚的正确领导下，在全体村民的共同努力下，发生了翻天覆地的变化的故事,这是一篇新闻报道，故推理出，你可能在报纸上读到这篇文章。故选B。
B
When I was a girl growing up, I cannot once ever remember either my mum or my grandma wasting food.
Anything we didn't eat at one meal was leftovers（剩菜）. I can remember my grandma making a huge pot of potatoes. We would all eat until we were full enough, but there were always about half of the potatoes leftover. A few days later, Grandma would take those potatoes out of the fridge, boil some noodles, add some vegetables and mix them all together. And I also remember when I watched my mum fry bacon （煎培根）for us in the mornings, she would always take the oil carefully and pour it into a bottle. Then she would use it later to add flavor to so many other dishes. I was an adult before I realized that potatoes didn't actually taste like bacon!
I learned their lessons well, and after I grew up, I tried to never waste food myself. I always planned the week’s meals ahead of time and only bought what was on my shopping list so that nothing went to waste. Every meal went into our stomachs and any leftovers were later eaten by either myself my boys, my husband or my dogs. To me, throwing food into the bin was just wrong.
However, when it comes to living, there are no leftovers. Life is just like a feast. Each moment that you don’t live is lost forever. Life cannot be saved or stored. Each day is a fresh beginning. Live each moment of your life to the fullest, then.
16. The writer’s grandma used the leftover potatoes to ________.
A. mix with noodles B. boil some vegetables
C. fry bacon D. throw away
17. Why did the potatoes cooked by the writer’s mum taste like bacon?
A. Because she mixed the bacon with potatoes.
B Because she put potatoes into the containers.
C. Because she was good at cooking.
D. Because she poured the bacon oil into potatoes.
18. According to the passage, how did the writer save food in her way?
A. By shopping ahead of time.
B. By throwing it into the litter bin.
C. By following her mother's shopping list.
D By planning the next week’s food.
19. What does the underlined word "feast" in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Sweat dream. B. Large meal. C. Happy story. D. Beautiful picture.
20. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is never too old to learn.
B. Eat to live, but not live to eat.
C. Neither food nor life should be wasted.
D. There is no such thing as a free lunch.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. D 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【分析】本文介绍了作者的奶奶、妈妈和她都非常节约食物，从中我们知道食物和生命都不应该浪费。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据“A few days later, Grandma would take those potatoes out of the fridge, boil some noodles, add some vegetables and mix them all together.”可知，作者的奶奶用剩下的土豆和面条混合在一起。故选A。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据“And I also remember when I watched my mum fry bacon （煎培根）for us in the mornings, she would always take the oil carefully and pour it into a bottle. Then she would use it later to add flavor to so many other dishes.”可知，作者的妈妈煮的土豆尝起来像培根，是因为她把培根油倒进了土豆里。故选D。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据“I always planned the week’s meals ahead of time and only bought what was on my shopping list so that nothing went to waste.”可知，作者总是提前计划好一周的饮食，来节约食物。故选D。
【19题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“However, when it comes to living, there are no leftovers.”可知，此处表示没有剩菜，因此表示这是盛宴，故选B。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据“I learned their lessons well, and after I grew up, I tried to never waste food myself.”和“Life cannot be saved or stored.”可知，食物和生命都不应该浪费。故选C。
C
Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other.
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to conunicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets atacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!” When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps（黄蜂; 蜜蜂）! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops.
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds; but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Com and chili plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water.
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web” . The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi（霉菌）. It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.
21. What will plants do when they are attacked by insects?
A. They will kill the insects by themselves.
B. They will control the wasps to kill the insects.
C. They will send out signals to ask for help.
D. They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help.
22. How are the wood wide web linked by fungi?
A. By making noises with their roots.
B. By connecting the roots of different plants to each other.
C. By sharing food and information with each other.
D. By spreading chemicals to each other.
23. What is the writer’s intention of the last paragraph?
A. To give people hope for further studies.
B. To praise scientists for their great achievements.
C. To call on people to protect the plants on Earth.
D. To inspire people to communicate with plants.
24. What is the structure of the passage?
A. B.
C. D.
25. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. The Secret Language of Plants
B. The Study about the Plant Warning System
C. The Plants that Give Warnings
D. Why Scientists Do Research about Plants
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. A
【解析】
【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究发现植物会通过化学物质，声音和真菌彼此交流。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据“This happens when a plant gets atacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!””当植物受到昆虫攻击时就会发生这种情况。植物从正在被吃掉的叶子中释放出化学物质。这就像是警告，或者求救:“我被攻击了!”可知，当植物受到昆虫攻击时，它们会产生化学物质作为警告或求助信号，故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi（霉菌）. It links the roots of different plants to each other.”可知，真菌是通过相互连接不同植物的根来连接“the wood wide web”的，故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的信息“Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.”科学家们每天都在更多地了解植物之间的秘密交流方式。也许有一天，我们会对植物的交流有足够的了解，从而能够自己与它们“交谈”。可推知作者是想给人们进一步研究的希望，故选A。
【24题详解】
篇章结构题。通读全文可知，本文第一段主要介绍了植物会说话和交流，第二、三、四段分述了植物主要通过哪几种方式进行交流，第五段又进行了总述给人们对植物进一步研究的希望；因此本文是采用总—分—总的结构来写的，故选B。
【25题详解】
标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了研究发现植物会通过化学物质，声音和真菌彼此交流，结合选项，可知A选项“植物的秘密语言”符合题意，故选A。
第二节 短文填空
以下是一则短文, 请阅读短文, 并从下列六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中, 使原文的意思完整、连贯。并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。（共5 小题, 每小题1分）
If you have pla