2023年山东省潍坊市中考英语真题（解析版）.docx

2023年潍坊市初中学业水平考试
英语试题
2023. 6
注意事项:
1. 本试题满分110分, 考试时间为90分钟;
2. 答卷前务必将试题密封线内及答题卡上面的项目填涂清楚。所有答案都必须涂、写在答题卡相应位置, 答在本试卷上一律无效。
一、阅读理解 (共15小题; 每小题2分, 满分30分)
阅读下列语篇, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Joel: You’re not going to believe this. My dad is running in this!
Debbie: Your dad? The marathon? I didn’t know he liked doing sport.
Joel: Well, he doesn’t, really. He does a bit of running now and then, and he goes to the gym and that sort of thing. But there’s no way he could finish a marathon.

Three days later
Pete: So Joel, how did your dad do?
Joel: Hahahaha ... it took him 7 hours and 12 minutes.
Jess: So he finished it? That’s fantastic!
Joel: Yeah, but guess what? He was slower than any other runner in the race!

Pete: Still we’re talking about 26 miles here. That’s an awful lot of running. There’s no way I could do that!
Debbie: It would take me more than a month. And honestly, Joel, do you think you could do it?
Joel: That’s not the point. It took him more than 7 hours. So embarrassing!

Jess: So what? He set himself a goal (目标), and he did it. At the end of the day, that’s what matters.
Joel: Well, perhaps you’re right. I’ve never thought about it like that, I suppose.

1. In Picture 2, Joel is laughing because his father ________.
A. won the match B. couldn’t finish a marathon
C. did a bit of running D. was the last one in the race
2. What do Pete and Debbie think of the marathon?
A. Boring. B. Tiring. C. Exciting. D. Relaxing.
3. What’s Jess’s opinion?
A. Whatever you do, set a goal first. B. Give up if you can’t win a competition.
C. Make great efforts to achieve your goal. D. Never take part in difficult competitions.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是Joel向别人介绍自己的爸爸在马拉松中表现的很糟糕，但是Jess认为Joel的爸爸完成了自己设定的目标，这才是最重要的。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Yeah, but guess what? He was slower than any other runner in the race!”可知，他在嘲笑自己的爸爸在比赛中是最后一名，故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Still we’re talking about 26 miles here. That’s an awful lot of running”及“It would take me more than a month”可知，他们俩都认为这很累人，故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“So what? He set himself a goal (目标), and he did it. At the end of the day, that’s what matters.”可知，Jess认为Joel的爸爸努力去完成了自己设定的目标，这才是最重要的，故选C。
B
On a cold January morning, a man sat at a subway station in Washington DC and started to play the violin. He played for about 45 minutes.
Three minutes went by, and a middle-aged man stopped for a few seconds, and then hurried up to take care of his own things.
A minute later, the violinist received his first tip: a woman threw some money without stopping, and walked away.
Only a 3-year-old boy took the music seriously, going over, sitting down and soon losing himself in the wonderful performance. His mother wished to hurry along, but the kid kept looking at the violinist.
When he finished playing, no one noticed it. No one applauded (鼓掌).
No one knew this, but the violinist was Joshua Bell, one of the most talented musicians in the world. He had just played one of the most beautiful pieces ever written, on a violin worth 3.5 million dollars. Joshua Bell played the same music with the same violin and the seats each cost 100 dollars at a theatre two days before.
Joshua Bell’s playing in the subway station was a social experiment. It asks questions: in a common environment at a wrong hour, do we enjoy beauty? Do we stop to make a response (反应) ? If we do not have a moment to stop and listen to one of the best musicians in the world playing the best music. How many other things are we ignoring (忽视)?
4. What’s the man’s purpose of playing the violin at the subway station?
A. To make some money. B. To see people’s response.
C. To practice his skills. D. To teach a music lesson.
5. How many people stopped to listen to the music carefully?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
6. What does the writer suggest in the last paragraph?
A. Don’t be always in a hurry. B. Stop to enjoy street performance.
C. Enjoy beautiful music at a theatre. D. Don’t miss the wonderful moment in life.
7. What is the text mainly about?
A. A subway story. B. A music survey.
C. A social experiment. D. A talented musician.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了世界上最好的音乐家之一Joshua Bell在路边演奏，并不是每个人都停下来听，通过这个实验告诉我们，可能在生活中因为没有停下来而错过了很多东西。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Joshua Bell’s playing in the subway station was a social experiment. It asks questions: in a common environment at a wrong hour, do we enjoy beauty? Do we stop to make a response ”可知，做这个实验的目的是为了看看人们的反应，故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Only a 3-year-old boy took the music seriously, going over, sitting down and soon losing himself in the wonderful performance”可知，只有一个3岁的小孩停下来认真地听他演奏，故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据“If we do not have a moment to stop and listen to one of the best musicians in the world playing the best music. How many other things are we ignoring”可知，最后一段作者建议人们不要错过生活中美好的瞬间，故选D。
7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过世界上最好的音乐家之一Joshua Bell在路边做的一个实验，来告诉读者一个道理，所以“社会实验”能概括本文的宗旨，故选C。
C
Developed by US company OpenAI, ChatGPT has taken the internet by storm, winning 100 million users since it came out in November 2022. People can ask the robot to write stories and emails, create instructions for cooking a certain food, translate languages, and answer all kinds of questions. In its own words, it is “a language model trained in a large amount of internet text to help users get human-like text.”
Compared with Siri or other chatbots, ChatGPT uses a much bigger information center for training. It also uses stronger software (软件) and hardware to learn things by itself. For example, if it provides a wrong answer to your question, you can tell it the right one and it will correct itself. “It’s a totally different chatbot,” computer scientist Liu Xiaoguang from Nankai University told Tianjin Daily. “The knowledge level ChatGPT shows is the same as a university student. That’s why it shocked the world.”
But one big problem with ChatGPT is that it makes mistakes or even gives false information. When Rezza, a 28-year-old from Indonesia, used the robot to write an essay (论文), it “gave out many examples which other writers actually hadn’t mentioned at all”, he told The Guardian. Since the robot is trained using words from the internet, it can also pick up biases (偏见) about certain groups. These are all things that need to be dealt with.
8. Which can replace the underlined part in Paragraph 1?
A. Succeeded greatly online. B. Done harm to the internet.
C. Brought strong wind and heavy rain. D. Caused serious changes of the weather.
9. Why did ChatGPT shock the world?
A. It can find mistakes by itself.
B. It works differently from other chatbots.
C. Its information center is easier to control than Siri’s.
D. Its knowledge level is as high as a university student.
10. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Anybody can make mistakes. B. Anybody may give false information.
C. ChatGPT needs improvement. D. ChatGPT can’t get on well with humans.
11. What might be the best title of the text?
A. ChatGPT is Coming! B. ChatGPT is Catching the World’s Eyes!
C. Can ChatGPT Take the Place of Humans? D. Can ChatGPT Avoid Biases Properly?
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了聊天机器人ChatGPT的功能及其存在的问题。
【8题详解】
句意猜测题。根据“taken the internet by storm, winning 100 million users since it came out in November 2022.”可知，ChatGPT自2022年11月推出以来，已经席卷了互联网，赢得了1亿用户，也就是说在网络上获得了巨大的成功，故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The knowledge level ChatGPT shows is the same as a university student. That’s why it shocked the world”可知，ChatGPT显示的知识水平与大学生相同，这就是它震惊世界的原因，故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据“But one big problem with ChatGPT is that it makes mistakes or even gives false information.... These are all things that need to be dealt with.”可知，ChatGPT还存在一个大问题需要去解决，也就是说还需要完善，故选C。
【11题详解】
最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了聊天机器人ChatGPT自推出以来，已经席卷了互联网，赢得了1亿用户，还介绍了它的功能和存在的问题。B项“ChatGPT正在吸引全世界的目光”最符合文意，故选B。
D
Saying no is not easy, but it is necessary sometimes.
It’s not easy to say no bravely. ___12___ However, sticking to your principles (原则) may not always make people like you, but will surely get you more respect. Have you ever bravely said no to someone?
Wang Shanshan, Beijing
When I was in primary school, two of my classmates always asked me to do many things for them, like buying breakfast or copying the materials, which put me under great anxiety. So I decided to refuse all their unreasonable requests. ___13___ From this experience, I learned to say no to unfair things bravely, because only in this way can I get respect.
Emily London
My classmates used to laugh at me because of my weight. I cared too much about their opinions so I ate less and paid more attention to my appearance (外貌). ___14___ After realizing that everyone was unique, I refused to change myself. Now I have got back my confidence and don’t care about what others say. I think it is necessary to say no and stand up for myself.
Lucas, Rome
___15___ To help me, my classmates showed me their answers directly. However, I still couldn’t work out the problems during the next test. Then I realized that if I want to improve myself, I have to say no to their help. Since then, I refused my classmates’ help and improved math on my own.
根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。
A. Sometimes, we do things that we don’t want to do.
B. I used to have difficulty working out math problems.
C. As a result, they didn’t order me to do anything any more.
D. There is a big difference between pleasing people and helping people.
E. The more I cared about their comments (评论), the more worried I became.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. E 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文分享三个人的经历，告诉我们要适当地说不。
【12题详解】
根据“However, sticking to your principles (原则) may not always make people like you”可知，会发生一些事情，我们不想做，但是坚持自己的原则又会让别人不喜欢，A选项“有时候，我们会做一些我们不想做的事情”符合，故选A。
【13题详解】
根据“So I decided to refuse all their unreasonable requests”可知，此处介绍拒绝之后的结果，C选项“结果，他们不再命令我做任何事了”符合，故选C。
【14题详解】
根据“I cared too much about their opinions so I ate less and paid more attention to my appearance”可知，太在意别人对自己的评价，所以就越感觉不好，E选项“我越在意他们的评论，我就越担心”符合，故选E。
【15题详解】
根据“To help me, my classmates showed me their answers directly”可知，此处谈论自己存在的问题，B选项“我过去做数学题有困难”符合，故选B。
二、语言知识运用 (共 20小题; 满分35分)
A
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When you turn on the tap in your house, water comes out. This water has ____16____ a long way. This water comes from rain in the sky. The ____17____ that water arrives to the tap in your house is called the “water supply”.
Most of the water on the earth is in the ____18____. This water has a lot of salt in it. We cannot drink this water. Salt water makes us ill. But when the sun shines, it ____19____ a part of the ocean. This water rises up to make clouds in the sky. The more water rises up, the heavier and larger the clouds become. The clouds will get so heavy and large that they will change colour from white to ____20____. The water will fall down into rivers and lakes ____21____ rain and travel back to the sea. This is called the “water cycle”. We use half of the rain water ____22____ falls over the earth.
There are parts of the world where there is ____23____ fresh water. In the Arab countries, salt water can be made safe to drink. This is done by freezing or boiling it. The salt is left ____24____ and the clean water is then taken off. This process is very ____25____, but in some areas this is the only way to get clean drinking water.
16. A. pulled B. walked C. rushed D. travelled
17. A. way B. path C. method D. condition
18. A. stream B. ocean C. river D. lake
19. A. takes in B. gives off C. heats up D. cools down
20. A. purple B. grey C. blue D. pink
21. A. through B. with C. as D. by
22. A. it B. that C. this D. what
23. A. few B. much C. enough D. little
24. A. behind B. alone C. off D. out
25. A. rapid B. cheap C. simple D. expensive
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. B 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. D
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了供水的过程，水循环的过程以及在一些地区饮用水短缺的情况。
【16题详解】
句意：这些水经过了很长一段距离。
pulled拉；walked步行；rushed冲；travelled旅行。根据“This water comes from rain in the sky. The…that water arrives to the tap in your house is called the ‘water supply’”可知，水是走了很长距离才到了水龙头里，故选D。
【17题详解】
句意：水到达你家水龙头的方式被称为“供水”。
way方式；path小径；method方法；condition状况。根据“water arrives to the tap in your house is called the ‘water supply’”可知，水到达家里水龙头是一种供水方式，故选A。
【18题详解】
句意：地球上的大部分水都在海洋里。
stream小溪；ocean海洋；river河流；lake湖。根据“This water has a lot of salt in it”可知，大部分水都在海洋里，海洋里的水是有盐的，故选B。
【19题详解】
句意：但当太阳照耀时，它会加热一部分海洋。
takes in吸收；gives off散发；heats up加热；cools down冷却。根据“But when the sun shine”及“This water rises up to make clouds in the sky”可知，温度升高，会加热一部分海水，升在天空形成云，故选C。
【20题详解】
句意：云将变得如此沉重和巨大，它们将改变颜色从白色到灰色。
purple紫色；grey灰色；blue蓝色；pink粉色。根据“The water will fall down into rivers and lakes”可知，云变成灰色之后，就要下雨，然后流入河流和湖泊，故选B。
【21题详解】
句意：水将像雨一样落下到河流和湖泊，并返回大海。
through通过；with带有；as像；by通过。根据“The water will fall down into rivers and lakes… rain”可知，像雨水一样落下来，故选C。
【22题详解】
句意：我们用掉了地球上一半的雨水。
it它；that那个；this这个；what什么。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词rain water是指物，在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句，故选B。
【23题详解】
句意：世界上有些地方几乎没有淡水。
few没有多少的，修饰可数名词；much许多，修饰不可数名词；enough足够的；little没有多少的，修饰不可数名词。根据“but in some areas this is the only way to get clean drinking wate”可知，这些地方几乎没有淡水，修饰不可数名词water，应用little，故选D。
【24题详解】
句意：盐被留下，然后干净的水被带走。
behind在后面；alone独自；off离开；out出去。根据“This is done by freezing or boiling it. The salt is left… and the clean water is then taken off.”可知，把盐留下，带走干净的水，故选A。
【25题详解】
句意：这种方法非常昂贵，但在一些地区，这是获得清洁饮用水的唯一方法。
rapid迅速的；cheap便宜的；simple简单的；expensive昂贵的。根据前文介绍的制作饮用水的方法可知，这个过程很复杂，所以可推断这种方法提炼出来的饮用水一定很贵，故选D。
B
阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。

“I suddenly understood,” Valeria said, “why Mario wanted to buy the farm. He and Pagani were busy ____26____ (work) together during this period, I’m sure. They must have burned the farm down, Roberto. They could have killed you!”
“I can’t believe it,” Roberto said. “My own uncle wouldn’t do that. It’s ____27____ (possible).”
“But it must be true, Roberto,” Valeria said. “It’s the only explanation.”
In the evening, Inspector (警官) Pavone telephoned and asked to speak to Roberto. “So far your uncle ____28____ (tell) us everything. He burned your farm down to make you ____29____ (sell) it. Pagani knew that land prices would go up when a big company moved to the town. Then he and your uncle made a project ____30____ (build) shops and houses on your land so that they could sell them for a profit. They would have become terribly wealthy!”
Roberto could not speak. His own uncle had lied to him and almost killed him.
“Your uncle and Pagani are both criminals (罪犯),” the inspector said. “Your uncle is a foolish and greedy man. He got himself into some ____31____ (danger) business. They must pay for their ____32____ (act).”
Roberto held the telephone ____33____ (quiet) with eyes full of tears.
The inspector was right. Mario and Pagani ____34____ (put) into prison soon. Roberto did not feel happy, sad or angry about them. He was too ____35____ (di