北京市2021年中考英语试题（解析版）.doc

2021年北京市中考真题
英语
姓名_____________准考证号_____________考场号_____________座位号_____________
考生须知
1. 本试卷共10页,共两部分,共39题,满分60分,考试时间90分钟。
2. 在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。
3. 试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。
4. 在答题卡上、选择题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字签字笔作答。
5. 考试结束,请将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。
第一部分
本部分共33题,共40分。在每题列出的四个选项中,选出最符合题目要求的一项。
一、单项填空(每题0.5分,共6分)
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Mary’s birthday is coming. We’ve decided to make a cake for ________.
A. him B. her C. you D. them
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：玛丽的生日快到了。我们决定为她做一个蛋糕。
考查代词辨析。him他；her她；you你/你们；them他们。根据“Mary’s birthday is coming.”可知，此处指Mary，女性，故选B。
2. Space Day of China falls ________ April 24th every year.
A. on B. by C. at D. in
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：每年的4月24日是中国的“航天日”。
考查介词辨析。on用在星期或具体时间前；by到……为止；at其后加点钟等；in其后加早中晚/月份/年份等。根据“April 24th”可知，此处加具体的时间，故选A。
3. —________ shall we meet for the picnic?
—At the school gate.
A. How B. When C. Why D. Where
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——我们野餐在哪里见面？——在学校门口。
考查特殊疑问句。How如何；When何时；Why为什么；Where哪里。根据“At the school gate.”可知，此处对地点提问，故选D。
4. —Sam, ________ I join you in the community service?
—Of course you can.
A. can B. must C. should D. need
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——Sam，我能加入你的社区服务吗？——你当然可以。
考查动词辨析。can可以；must必须；should应该；need需要。根据“Of course you can.”可知，此处请求对方允许，用can，故选A。
5. The doctors worked for ten hours, ________ nobody took a break.
A. so B. for C. but D. or
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】句意：医生们已经工作了十个小时，但是没人休息。
考查连词辨析。so因此；for为了；but但是；or或者。根据前后句句意可知，“连续工作十小时”和“不休息”之间存在转折关系。故选C。
6. The teacher is glad to see that Tony is ________ than before.
A. careful B. more careful C. most careful D. the most careful
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：老师很高兴看到托尼比以前细心了。
考查形容词比较级。根据“than before”可知，此处需用比较级，故选B。
7. —Peter, what are you doing?
—Oh, I ________ a report about national heroes.
A. will write B. am writing C. wrote D. have written
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——彼得，你在干什么？——哦，我在写一篇关于国家英雄的报道。
考查现在进行时。根据“what are you doing”可知，此处强调动作正在发生，使用现在进行时，故选B。
8. My parents and I ________ trees last Sunday.
A. plant B. will plant C. are planting D. planted
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：我的父母和我上星期天种树。
考查一般过去时。根据“last Sunday”可知，时态是一般过去时，故选D。
9. —Lily, what do you usually do after school?
—I ________ exercise with my friends.
A. do B. did C. will do D. was doing
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——莉莉，放学后你通常做什么？——我和我的朋友一起锻炼。
考查一般现在时。根据“what do you usually do after school”可知，时态是一般现在时，主语是I，动词用原形，故选A。
10. Mr. Smith ________ Chinese for two years. He’s much better at it now.
A. learns B. was learning C. has learned D. will learn
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：史密斯先生学汉语已经两年了。他现在做得好多了。
考查现在完成时。根据“for two years”可知，强调时间的延续，用现在完成时，故选C。
11. Today, many winter Olympic sports ________ even by children.
A. enjoyed B. enjoy C. were enjoyed D. are enjoyed
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：今天，许多冬季奥运会项目甚至受到孩子们的喜爱。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Today”可知，是一般现在时，根据“by children”可知，表被动，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。
12. —Could you please tell me ________?
—Next Thursday morning
A. when we visited the Capital Museum B. when did we visit the Capital Museum
C. when we will visit the Capital Museum D. when will we visit the Capital Museum
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我我们什么时候去参观首都博物馆吗？——下个星期四早上。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除BD；根据答语“Next Thursday morning.”可知，对将来时间提问，故选C。
二、完形填空(每题1分,共8分)
阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。

The Picture of Peace
When Mike was seven, he knew his dream was to be a photographer. He kept working on it for years. Recently, he was trying to take a picture of a sunset(日落) to enter the school _____13_____ competition.
“Mom, it has been cloudy these days. I don’t think I can get this picture!” Mike complained.
“Why not use one of your photos on the computer?” suggested Mom.
“I can’t—the rules say the photos have to be taken with a traditional camera. We hand in a roll of film, it gets developed(冲洗胶卷) , and we _____14_____ one photo for the competition. ”
“Why is a sunset so important? ” Mom asked.
“The _____15_____ of the competition is peace,” Mike explained, “and I feel most peaceful seeing a sunset.”
Zach, his six-year-old brother came out of the bedroom. “Hey, you want to take a picture of me? Look! ” He put both arms over his head.
“Not right now,” said Mike, laughing.
That very afternoon, Mike felt excited when he saw clear skies. He carefully lined up his shot(镜头) and waited _____16_____ till the sun reached the ground.
“That’s it! Perfect!” he shouted cheerfully.
The next morning, Mike noticed he could take one more picture to complete the roll of film, so he walked into Zach’s room. Zach was _____17_____ quietly with a teddy bear under his arm. Mike didn’t wake Zach up, and carefully took a picture of him.
A week later, Mike got the photos. The sunset picture was the one he was most _____18_____ to see. There it was! It was as nearly perfect as Mike had expected.
Then, he looked through the other photos. Suddenly, he stopped. His eyebrows(眉毛) rose as he _____19_____ the photo of Zach. He looked back at the photo of the sunset, which seemed less perfect now. He _____20_____ the two choices. Finally, he decided to hand in the photo of Zach for the competition.
13. A. violin B. tennis C. photo D. chess
14. A. choose B. collect C. describe D. design
15. A. prize B. topic C. result D. purpose
16. A. politely B. bravely C. hopefully D. secretly
17. A. playing B. reading C. writing D. sleeping
18. A. afraid B. eager C. surprised D. confused
19. A. studied B. shared C. copied D. fixed
20. A. changed B. offered C. accepted D. weighed
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. B 19. A 20. D
【解析】
【分析】Mike从小就梦想成为一名摄影师，一天学校组办摄影比赛，他希望用日落的照片参赛。之后无意间Zach的一张照片吸引了他的注意了，他改变了主意。
【13题详解】
句意：最近，他尝试拍摄日落的照片参加校摄影比赛。
violin小提琴；tennis网球；photo照片；chess象棋。根据“Recently, he was trying to take a picture of a sunset(日落)...”可知拍摄照片是为了参加摄影比赛。故选C。
【14题详解】
句意：我们上交一卷胶卷，冲洗胶卷后选一张参加比赛。
choose选择；collect收集；describe描述；design设计。根据“...for the competition. ”可知此处指选一张照片参加比赛。故选A。
【15题详解】
句意：比赛的主题是和平。
prize奖励；topic主题；result结果；purpose目的。根据“The ...of the competition is peace”可知此处介绍比赛的主题，摄影比赛通常都有一个主题。故选B。
【16题详解】
句意：他小心地调整镜头，满心希望地等着太阳到达地面。
politely礼貌地；bravely勇敢地；hopefully有希望地；secretly秘密地。根据“Mom, it has been cloudy these days. I don’t think I can get this picture!”可知Mike期待很多天晴天，终于等到了，所以抱有希望地等着。故选C。
【17题详解】
句意：Zach搂着泰迪熊在安静地睡觉。
playin玩；reading读书；writing写；sleeping睡觉。根据“Mike didn’t wake Zach up, and carefully took a picture of him.”可知Zach在睡觉。故选D。
【18题详解】
句意：日落的照片是他最渴望看到的。
afraid害怕的；eager渴望的；surprised惊讶的；confused困惑的。根据“Recently, he was trying to take a picture of a sunset(日落) to enter the school photo competition.”可知Mike想用日落的照片参赛，所以渴望看到日落的照片。故选B。
【19题详解】
句意：在他研究了Zach的照片时眉毛上扬。
studied研究；shared分享；copied复制；fixed维修。根据“ He looked back at the photo of the sunset, which seemed less perfect now. ”可知他对比了两张照片，认真地研究下。故选A。
【20题详解】
句意：他衡量了这两个选择。
changed改变；offered提供；accepted接受；weighed权衡。根据“Finally, he decided to hand in the photo of Zach for the competition.”可知最终Mike选择Zach的照片参赛，因此是经过仔细权衡的。故选D。
三、阅读理解(每题2分,共26分)
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。
A
Young Heroes for the Planet
Nowadays, people around the world are working to help our planet. Check out how the four young adults made a difference.

Saving Pandas
When Jack was 11, he started a group to teach kids about pandas. He also sold toy pandas to raise money to protect pandas in danger. “I hope to encourage more people to care about pandas,” Jack says.

Growing Right
Kathy, 14, set up an organization to educate people about growing right plant in right places. She also wrote a book to help people learn what plants are native to (本土的)their area.

Creating Energy
At the age of 12, Linda invented a machine called SuperE. It collects heat from fields to make electricity(电), Linda says her invention creates electricity in a way that is less harmful to the environment.

Cleaning Up
Patrick, 13, joined the Ocean Heroes Camp last year. He started a project and picked up plastic waste around nearby lakes with his friends. The goal of the project was to fight plastic pollution.

21. Who started a group to teach kids about pandas?
A. Jack. B. Kathy. C. Linda. D. Patrick.
22. How old was Linda when she invented SuperE?
A. 11. B. 12. C. 13. D. 14.
23. What was the goal of Patrick’s project?
A. To fight plastic pollution. B. To protect pandas in danger
C. To learn about native plants. D. To use heat to make electricity.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【分析】现在世界上的人们都在努力保护我们的星球，本文介绍了四位正在改变世界的人。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据“When Jack was 11, he started a group to teach kids about pandas.”可知，Jack创办了一个组织去教孩子们关于熊猫知识。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据“At the age of 12, Linda invented a machine called SuperE.”可知，Linda发明SuperE的时候12岁。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The goal of the project was to fight plastic pollution.”可知，Patrick项目目标是对抗塑料垃圾。故选A。
B
When I was in the eighth grade, my class was assigned(指派) to be friends with the second-grade kids. I got this little girl named Shelley. The first time I saw her, she was silent and cold. She was small for her age, and she didn’t play with the other kids in her class.
I tried all kinds of things to get her to talk to me. I bought her toys, crayons and candies. But try as I might, nothing worked. One time, I gave her a coloring book and said, “Shelley, now you can color at any time.”
Shelley looked at the coloring book and then looked up at me, and finally looked away. By that, I didn’t know how I was going to get through to the little girl, but I knew I wouldn’t give up on her.
One Friday, I decided to tell her a story about my childhood. I told her that I felt lonely when I was with my classmates, and how I thought only my teachers liked me. I also told her that every day was a battle(战役) for me and I fought back tears so people wouldn’t know how much I was hurting.
She sat there just listening, trying to decide whether I was lying or not. Finally, when my story ended, there were tears in her eyes. And then she did the unthinkable. She said, “Thank you.” From then on, Shelley was a different little girl. She started smiling and talking with other kids.
Looking back at this, I’m in awe(惊叹), because all I did was to help her realize that she wasn’t alone. I didn’t ask her to tell her story, because her story is my story.
24. What was Shelley like when the writer first saw her?
A. Cold. B. Lazy. C. Noisy. D. Slow.
25. In order to get through to Shelley, the writer ________.
A. wrote her a book B. made her a toy C. drew her a picture D. told her a story
26. Shelley changed a lot because she realized that ________.
A. her teachers loved her B. her classmates were kind
C. the writer understood her D. she had to study even harder
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者帮助一个不爱讲话的女孩Shelley变得更加开朗的故事，作者惊叹于Shelley的改变，因为作者认为自己所做的就是让Shelley知道自己并不孤单。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The first time I saw her, she was silent and cold.”可知，作者第一次见到Shelley时，她沉默而冷漠。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据“By that, I didn’t know how I was going to get through to the little girl, but I knew I wouldn’t give up on her.”和“One Friday, I decided to tell her a story about my childhood.”可知，为了接近Shelley，作者给她讲了一个故事。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Finally, when my story ended, there were tears in her eyes.”，“From then on, Shelley was a different little girl. She started smiling and talking with other kids.”和“I didn’t ask her to tell her story, because her story is my story.”可知，Shelley改变了很多是因为她意识到作者理解她。故选C。
C

School Gardens Could Help Children Try More Vegetables
It’s not always enjoyable for children to eat vegetables. But what if a garden is built in the school? New research suggests that a gardening program in schools can increase children’s vegetable intake(摄入量) .
How the Study Was Carried Out
The study was carried out in eight schools. Each school was in the gardening program for one school year. Every child in grades 3-5 received a total of eighteen 60-minute lessons across the school year. In the program, each school built a garden, where children learned to grow their own fresh produce, like fruit and vegetables.
The Benefits Children Could Get
The study found that vegetable intake if the children who grew their own produce increased greatly across the year. Related studies show that increased vegetable intake can improve health and cut the risk of chronic diseases(慢性疾病). Not only are there benefits to health, increasing the variety of vegetables children are exposed(接触)to may also make mealtimes much easier.” Children who are often exposed to a variety of vegetables are more likely to try new foods,” explains Dr. Kerry Jones. For children, growing their own food is a powerful tool to increase their intake of the food.
28
Any opportunity to expose children to more vegetables is meaningful. “If children are learning about vegetables at school, it’s important to encourage this interest,” says Jones. Parents can listen to their children about what they have learned and read the handouts they bring home from school. Parents and children can also read books together. Younger children can enjoy reading stories about vegetables with parents who offer useful messages. Older children may enjoy searching through cookbooks with parents to find new dinner ideas to cook vegetables in a tasty way. Besides, a small planter box in a sunny part at home can encourage children to understand more about where their food comes from.
Teaching children to grow their own produce is a great way to increase their preference for the produce. If children are taught to enjoy vegetables early in life, they will probably continue eating vegetables in the long term.
27. What did children do in the gardening program?
A. They did research on new plants. B. They grew fresh produce at school.
C. They took home green vegetables D. They built gardens for their classes.
28. Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragaph4?
A. Ideas to Encourage Children to Cook at Home
B. Ways to Expose Children to Vegetables at Home
C. Reasons Why Parents Should Understand Children
D. Suggestions Which Children Could Get from Parents
29. What can we learn from the program?
A. Parents’ support might improve children’s reading.
B. School programs could develop students’ creativity.
C. Doing studies can prepare students for future learning.
D. Hands-on experience may influence children’s preference.
【答案】27. B 28. B 29. D
【解析】
【分析】本文介绍了在学校花园里让学生自己种植蔬菜的好处。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据“In the program, each school built a garden, where children learned to grow their own fresh produce, like fruit and vegetables”可知，在该项目中，每一所学校都建了一个花园，孩子们在那里学会种植自己的新鲜农产品，故选B。
【28题详解】
句意猜测题。根据“Any opportunity to expose children to more vegetables is meaningful”及整段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了从不同方面鼓励孩子们多吃蔬菜的方法，故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Teaching children to grow their own produce is a great way to increase their preference for the produce”可知，教孩子们自己种植农产品是增加他们对农产品偏好的一个很好的方法，所以实践经验可能会影响孩子的偏好，故选D。
D

Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities an