湖南省长沙市2021年中考英语试题（解析版）.doc

2021年长沙市初中学业水平考试试卷
英 语
注意事项∶
1. 答题前, 请考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚, 并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号、考室和座位号;
2. 必须在答题卡上答题, 在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效;
3. 答题时, 请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示;
4. 请勿折叠答题卡, 保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁;
5. 答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸;
6. 本学科试卷中听力材料以中速朗读两遍。
试卷分为四个部分, 共8页, 71小题, 时量 120分钟, 满分120分。
第一部分 听力 （共两节, 满分 20 分）
第一节 （共 5 小题;每小题1分, 满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。
1. Where is the man from?
A. Canada. B. Britain. C. Germany.
2. How was the weather in Changsha yesterday?
A. Sunny. B. Windy. C. Cloudy.
3. Whose dictionary is this?
A. Peter's. B. Toby's. C. Frank's.
4. How many T-shirts will the woman take?
A. Two. B. Five. C. Seven.
5. What does John want to be?
A. A singer. B. A writer. C. An engineer.
第二节 （共15小题;每小题1分, 满分 15 分）
听下面6段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题 5 秒钟;听完后, 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第六段材料, 回答第 6、7 题。
6. What's the relationship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Father and daughter. C. Doctor and patient.
7. What is the girl going to do this weekend?
A. Take some photos. B. Go to the concert C. Join a reading club.
听第七段材料, 回答第 8、9 题。
8. How will the speakers get to the train station?
A. By bus. B. By taxi. C. By bike.
9. How far is it from the hotel to the train station?
A. 8 kilometers. B. 9 kilometers. C. 10 kilometers.
听第八段材料, 回答第 10、11 题。
10. What will the boy do on Tuesday?
A. Help Jenny. B. Have a party. C. Do housework.
11. Why must Jenny stay at home?
A. To play interesting games. B. To study for her math test. C. To prepare for a trip.
听第九段材料, 回答第12 至 14 题。
12. What is the boy's speech about?
A. Western plays. B. Modern movies. C. Chinese culture.
13 What kind of books does the boy like best?
A. Gardening books. B. History books. C. Science books.
14. When is the library closed?
A. On Monday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday.
听第十段材料, 回答第15至 17题。
15. What does the woman want to do?
A. To interview Mr. Black. B. To have a meeting. C. To drink coffee.
16. When are the speakers going to meet?
A. At 9:00. B. At 10:00. C. At 11:00.
17. Where is the Spring Teahouse?
A. On Woyi Road. B. On Yuanda Road. C. On Xinhua Road.
听第十一段材料, 回答第 18 至 20 题。
18. How long is the smart elephant bus?
A. About 11 meters. B. About 13 meters. C. About 15 meters.
19. How does the bus know who you are?
A. By reading your face. B. By reading your fingerprint. C. By reading your card
20. What can the robot Dr. Know do for the passengers?
A. Drive the bus. B. Communicate with them. C. Offer them food
第二部分 阅读 (共两节, 满分 40 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分, 满分 30 分)
阅读下面的材料, 从每题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A

Hotel Workers Wanted
Isabella Hotel is a top hotel in the center of Queensland We’re looking for experienced waiters and waitresses. You are expected to work from 7 a.m. to 3 p.m.
You should
> be healthy
> be well-dressed
> be reliable (值得信赖的)
If you join us, you will get
> $400 every week
> all meals for free
> a separate room
> one free day every week
If you are interested in this job, you can write to jobhunt@.

1. How long should the workers at Isabella Hotel work in a day?
A. For three hours. B. For seven hours. C. For eight hours.
2. What will Isabella Hotel provide for the workers?
A. 400 dollars a month. B. Two free days a week. C. All meals for free.
【答案】1. C 2. C
【解析】
【分析】文中是一则宾馆工作人员的招聘启事。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“You are expected to work from 7 a.m. to 3 p.m.”可知从上午7点工作到下午3点，每天工作8小时。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“If you join us, you will get > $400 every week > all meals for free > a separate room > one free day every week”可知伊莎贝拉宾馆工作人员提供免费餐。故选C。
B
When we talk about the UK, what will you think of? Big Ben, Downing Street and Tower Bridge are always our hot topics (话题). But there are many other facts about the UK. Come and see!

The most popular museum is the British Museum in London. Over six million people visit it every year. It is open from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. But on Friday, the closing time is 8:30 p.m.

The River Severn starts in Wales and flows (流) through western England. It’s well known for the Severn Bore — a tall wave (波浪) of water that regularly (定期地) flows up the river from the sea.

Hungry? Beef and chicken are tasty, fruit and vegetables are healthy, and sandwiches are simple. Short of money? The cheapest food is fish and chips (炸鱼薯条). And it’s delicious.

3. When can we visit the British Museum?
A. At 9:00 a.m., Monday. B. At 10:30 a.m., Tuesday. C. At 9:30 p.m., Friday.
4. What is the River Severn famous for?
A. Its tall wave of water. B. Its beautiful riverbank. C. Its deep river bed.
5. The reading material (材料) above is most probably ________.
A. a business plan B. a travel guide C. a science report
【答案】3. B 4. A 5. B
【解析】
【分析】文中介绍了关于英国的一些事实。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The most popular museum is the British Museum in London. ... It is open from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. But on Friday, the closing time is 8:30 p.m.”可知大英博物馆上午10点到下午5点营业，其中周五关门时间延后至晚上8:30。结合选项可知周二上午10:30可以去参观大英博物馆。故选B。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The River Severn ... It’s well known for the Severn Bore — a tall wave of water”可知塞文河因它高高的水浪而著名。故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。文中介绍了关于英国的一些事实，主要是关于大英博物馆、塞文河和美味的食物的。最可能是一篇旅游指南。故选B。
C
From an early age, we were taught that if we wanted to be successful, we had to study hard and get good results at school. In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they don’t like, and some even lead an unhappy life. Why is it like that?
In some parents’ eyes, school grades matter most for their kids. In reality, there are many things to consider besides the school subjects, for example, how to be a happy person, what to do to keep healthy, and how to get along well with others. That is to say, school is not just enough if you want to have a great life.
Doing well in school is different from doing well in life. Studies show that people who failed at school may not end up failing in life. You may have already known that some famous people, like Thomas Edison and Steve Jobs, didn’t do very well at school or even failed to finish school. In fact, there are a lot more than just the big shots who are successful in life without finishing school. They seize (抓住) every chance to learn and finally make it to the top.
Life is really a long lesson, so long that you can’t define (界定) a person’s success by just one section (部分) of it. If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life. If you are still studying, whether you are good or bad at school, don’t take your school results too seriously as long as you have put your heart into it. Keep learning to make the most of your talents (天赋). That’s how you can live a happy and successful life.
6. What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing Paragraph (段落) One?
A. To introduce a topic. B. To give examples. C. To provide a solution.
7. In some parents’ eyes, what’s the most important for their kids based on Paragraph Two?
A. Being happy. B. Staying healthy. C. Getting good grades.
8. What does the underlined expression “big shots” in the third paragraph mean?
A. 好学生 B. 神枪手 C. 大人物
9. According to the passage, which sentence may agree with the writer’s idea?
A. It takes money to be successful. B. School grades aren’t everything. C. Successful people never finish school.
10. What can we infer (推断) from the text?
A. Old habits die hard. B. Learning is a lifelong journey. C. Good grades always promise a successful life.
【答案】6. A 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。在学校学习成绩好可以和未来的成功划等号吗？其实学校中的常胜将军可能并非人生赢家，反之亦然。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据“In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they don’t like, and some even lead an unhappy life. Why is it like that?”可知作者写第一段是为了引出学习成绩好并不能和未来的成功划等号这一话题。故选A。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据“In some parents’ eyes, school grades matter most for their kids.”可知在一些家长的眼里，学习成绩对孩子们来说才是最重要的。故选C。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“who are successful in life without finishing school”可知此处指的是没上学就取得成功的大人物，big shots意为“大人物”。故选C。
【9题详解】
观点态度题。根据“That is to say, school is not just enough if you want to have a great life.”可知想要拥有美好生活，只成绩好是不够的，由此可知“学校成绩并不代表一切。”这一句符合作者的观点。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据“If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life.”可知即使完成学业了也要继续学习，学习是一个终生旅程。故选B。
D

Martin Strel is a swimmer, best known for swimming the world’s big rivers. He was born in 1954. He taught himself to swim when he was six and became a professional(职业的) swimmer in 1978. Martin holds Guinness World Records for swimming the Danube River, the Mississippi River, the Yangtze River and the Amazon River.
Of all his achievements, the greatest is his Amazon River swim. The Amazon is known as the largest and most dangerous river in the world. Several swimmers had tried to swim it, but all failed. Martin decided to go all out and make history. He wanted to show the world that people could achieve their dreams with hard work and perseverance(毅力). On April 7th, 2007, Martin Strel completed his Amazon River all the way from Atalaya (Peru) to the Atlantic Ocean at Belem (Brazil). He struggled(奋战) with the river for 66 days and swam 3, 274 miles in total. He became a worldwide hero.
Many people still cannot believe what he has done so far, so that is why they sometimes describe him as “Fishman”, “Human Fish” or even “the Craziest Man in the World”.
In 2009, American filmmakers produced a documentary(纪录片) called Big River Man. And the book, The Man Who Swam the Amazon, has been sold in many countries. It tells us an inspirational story of perseverance and hard work, which has encouraged many people.
Martin doesn’t swim for money. Instead, he swims to teach people about the importance of keeping water clean.
Martin has always been looking for the challenges(挑战) of the impossible. What is his next?
11. How did Martin learn to swim when he was little?
A. By watching his partners. B. By learning from a coach. C. By teaching himself.
12. What is Martin’s greatest achievement so far?
A. Swimming the Yangtze River. B. Swimming the Amazon River. C. Swimming the Mississippi River.
13. What does the underlined word “inspirational” mean in Paragraph Five?
A. 鼓舞人心的 B. 心灰意冷的 C. 栩栩如生的
14. According to the text, which is the purpose of Martin swimming the big rivers?
A. To make a lot of money for a good living.
B. To teach people the importance of keeping water clean.
C. To produce exciting documentaries and best-selling books.
15. What can be the best title(标题) of the text?
A. Swim for Fun B. Challenge the Impossible C. Fight for Jobs
【答案】11. C 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了游泳健将马丁·斯特尔在克服了各种困难的情况下，畅游世界各大河的故事。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文“He taught himself to swim when he was six”可知，他是自学游泳的。故选C。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文“Of all his achievements, the greatest is his Amazon River swim”可知，他最伟大的成就是游过亚马逊河。故选B。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据原文“which has encouraged many people”可知，这是一个鼓舞人心的故事，故inspirational有“鼓舞人心”之意。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文“Instead, he swims to teach people about the importance of keeping water clean”可知，他游泳是为了教会人们保持水体清洁的重要性。故选B。
【15题详解】
最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了游泳健将马丁·斯特尔在克服了各种困难的情况下，畅游世界各大河的故事。故选B。
第二节 (共 5 题；每小题 2 分, 满分 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Living with Less
These days, it seems that many people are trying to live more with less. They throw away all the less-used things, or some things that are not necessary. They are discovering the pleasure of spending their time and money on the things that matter most. ___16___.
♦ More free time
The more things you own ____17____. Just keep the things you use or enjoy. You’ll be surprised at how much time you’ll have to do what you really want to do. Care for fewer things, and spend more time with friends and family.
♦ Money saved
As you stop buying things you don’t need, your finances (经济状况) will be better. ___18___. Learn to reward (奖励) yourself with rich experiences.
♦ Changed values
____19____. You will realize that things don’t bring lasting happiness. True happiness comes from making memories (回忆) with loved ones.
Living simply lowers your stress (压力), betters your health and allows you to find out what’s important. Try to discover the peace and happiness this way of living can bring. Don’t wait for a holiday to start living simply. Start today, ____20____.
A. and you will find that less is more
B. Here are some advantages of living simply
C. Once you break the habit, your values will change
D. the more time you will spend keeping them in order
E. You can save some money and take a special trip instead
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. E 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【分析】文章主要讲了简单生活的好处。
【16题详解】
根据“These days, it seems that many people are trying to live more with less.”及下文中“More free time”、“Money saved”和“Changed values”可知此处是个总结句，说有一些简单生活的好处。B项“这里有一些简单生活的好处”符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据“The more things you own”可知拥有的越多，需要越多时间来整理。D项“你就会花更多的时间来保持它们的秩序”符合语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据“Money saved”可知这一段主要讲省钱相关内容。E项“你可以省点钱，来一次特别的旅行”符合语境。故选E。
【19题详解】
根据“Changed values”可知这一段主要讲价值观的改变。C项“一旦你打破了习惯，你的价值观就会改变”符合语境。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据“Start today”可知此处讲从今天开始简单生活，会有怎样的结果。A项“你会发现少即是多”符合语境。故选A。
第三节 (共 5 小题, 每小题 2 分, 满分 10 分)
阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

As an exchange student I studied in France for two years. The first time I took a class in the chemistry lab, I was surprised to find that students were fully “armed”. Everyone was wearing goggles (护目镜) and gloves. Safety comes first for science lab class.
My chemistry teacher Mrs. Louise usually gave us the instruction paper the night before the lab class and let us read it. During the class, she first went over the steps and then put us into groups of two to do the experiments (实验). What was special was that for every lab class, Mrs. Louise changed everyone’s lab partner to make them work with different classmates.
The class was often filled with laughter and screams (尖叫). We once tried to burn the chemicals and watch the colors of the flames (火焰). Different chemicals produced different colors of flames, including bright orange and dark green. Many students in my class were surprised. “Wow! That’s so beautiful!” they screamed. Then they excitedly took pictures, posted them online and sent them to their friends. Mrs. Louise didn’t get angry with us at all for our “noises”. She herself even took photos with us!
After finishing an experiment, we had to write a lab report. If we had a big mistake in the experiment, we needed to analyze (分析) why it happened and what we should do to avoid