江苏省常州市2020年中考英语试题（解析版）.doc

常州市二〇二〇年初中学业水平考试
英 语 试 题
一、单项选择
1. Take it easy. There will be_________ two buses coming in a few minutes.
A. another B. other C. others D. the other
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：放轻松，几分钟之后还有两辆公共汽车过来。
考查不定代词。 another又一个，再一个（三者或以上）；other其他的，形容词；others其他的，代词，泛指；the other（两个中的）另一个，代词，剩余的，形容词。根据“two buses”可知此处用“another+基数词+复数名词”的结构，此处表达“还有两辆公共汽车”用another two buses。故选A。
2. Millie’s research paper isn’t up to standard_________ she has worked at it for two weeks.
A. since B. unless C. if D. although
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：米莉的研究论文没有达到标准，尽管她已经写了两个星期了。
考查连词。since自从；unless除非；if如果；although尽管。“she has worked at it for two weeks”她已经研究它两周了，表达让步，用连词although引导让步状语从句，故选D。
3. To the west of our school__________ some bookstores and a park.
A. lies B. lie C. has D. have
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：一些书店和一个公园位于我们学校的西部。
考查动词和主谓一致。lies位于，动词的第三人称单数；lie位于；has有，动词的第三人称单数；have有。地点状语“To the west of our school”位于句首，是全部倒装，句子的主语是“some bookstores and a park”，一些书店和一个公园是复数概念，谓语动词用lie表示“位于”。故选B。
4. —Were you required___________ home during the outbreak of COVID-19?
—Yes. Luckily, the Internet made it possible for many of us________ from home.
A. to stay; to work B. staying; to work C. to stay; work D. staying; work
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——COVID-19爆发期间，你被要求待在家里吗？——是的。幸运地是，互联网使我们许多人在家里工作成为可能。
考查非谓语动词。require sb to do sth要求某人做某事；require doing sth某事需要被做。由“Were you required___________ home”可知，此处应为“要求某人待在家里”，故应用to stay；由 “the Internet made it possible for many of us________ from home”可知，本句为it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正宾语句式，故此处应为to work。故选A。
5. —Jim, turn down the music. Our baby is sleeping.
—Don’t worry. He__________ for half an hour.
A. woke up B. has woken up C. was awake D. has been awake
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——吉姆，把音乐关小点。我们的孩子在睡觉。——别担心。他已经醒了半小时了。
考查动词时态。“孩子醒了半小时了”对现在的动作“是否要将音乐关小”产生了影响，故本句为现在完成时态；句中“for half an hour”表时间段，故此处应用延续性动词 be awake，在现在完成时态下与时间段连用，即has been awake。故选D。
6. Jenny’s parents were completely__________ when they saw the_______ changes in her.
A. surprising; amazing B. surprised; amazing
C. surprising; amazed D. surprised; amazed
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：当珍妮的父母看到珍妮的令人惊喜的改变时，他们完全惊讶了。
考查形容词。surprising令人惊讶的；surprised感到惊讶的；amazing令人惊喜的；amazed感到惊喜的。根据Jenny’s parents可知主语是人，第一空表达“父母感到惊讶的”，用surprised作表语。第二空修饰名词changes，用amazing做定语，表示“令人惊喜的改变”。故选B。
7. A factory will be built for the __________ of this type of new energy car.
A. position B. population C. production D. pronunciation
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：将建一座工厂来生产这种新能源汽车。
考查名词辨析。position位置，职位；population人口；production生产，产品；pronunciation发音。根据句意可知，建工厂是为了新能源汽车的生产。故选C。
8. To my joy, we_________ go to the bank. Mary has lent us some money.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：使我高兴的是，我们不必去银行了。玛丽借给了我们一些钱。
考查情态动词辨析。shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必，不需要；couldn’t不可能；wouldn’t不会。由“Mary has lent us some money”可知，玛丽已经借给我们钱了，所以我们不必再去银行了。故选B。
9. A great deal of my time is__________ with practicing playing the guitar.
A. taken up B. made up C. put up D. set up
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：我的很多时间都被练习弹吉他所占据。
考查动词短语。taken up占据；made up构成；put up张贴；set up建立。根据主语time，及“with practicing playing the guitar”可知弹吉他占据了我的时间，用动词短语 taken up。故选A。
10. —Do you want to try some wild duck?
—__________. We should protect wild animals.
A. No idea B. No problem C. No way D. No doubt
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你想尝尝野鸭吗？——不行。我们应该保护野生动物。
考查情景交际。上文“Do you want to try some wild duck?”表示提建议，由下文“We should protect wild animals.”可知，我们应该保护野生动物，所以不能吃野鸭，故此处对上文的提议表示拒绝，应用No way “不行，绝不”。故选C。
二、完形填空
A window is a common but powerful tool — a patch(小块) of the world, from which our body is separated. The only thing we can do is look. You have no___11___on what you will see. However, your brain may make an assumption(猜想) out of whatever happens to appear.
One day, I was taking a nap(小睡) in my office when I woke up to the____12____of a car crash. I looked out of my window. A car had just backed into a fence(围栏)and damaged (毁坏〉it.
The driver got out of the car. He was short without hair on his head. I____13____him at once.
To my surprise, the man tried to____14____the damage he caused. However, his efforts all failed. Once he even funnily fell onto the road when trying to pull the fence. I____15____a lot. The failure of this terrible man was brightening my whole day.
About 10 minutes later, the man left.
That, I thought, would be the____16____of his efforts. The man — that villainous(可憎的) man — was going to____17____all the mess behind for someone else to clean up.
But this is the____18____of windows. They contradict(与…矛盾)your easy assumptions. The man appeared a few minutes later with some____19____. For the next hour, I watched out of my window as he kept on fixing the fence_____20_____it was extra safe, stronger than before.
This man was a hero. My_____21_____assumptions, I realized, were all about myself. I would be_____22_____and run away if I came across such a messy situation.
My window had woken me up from a nap to teach me a lesson, a lesson that changed my whole day and even my whole life.
11. A. agreement B. influence C. discovery D. impression
12. A. symbol B. sight C. sound D. sign
13. A. accepted B. remembered C. disliked D. greeted
14. A. confirm B. avoid C. cover D. repair
15. A. complained B. laughed C. learnt D. thought
16. A. end B. fun C. problem D. lesson
17. A. hide B. push C. move D. leave
18. A. quality B. shame C. power D. truth
19. A. friends B. tools C. medicines D. plans
20. A. until B. when C. after D. since
21. A. ugly B. friendly C. proper D. possible
22. A. encouraged B. pleased C. scared D. relaxed
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. A 21. A 22. C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者目睹了窗外发生的一场车祸，从而引发了作者关于如何评判他人与自我认识的反思。
【11题详解】
句意：你无法影响你将要看到的。
agreement同意；influence影响；discovery发现；impression印象。由上文“The only thing we can do is look.”可知，我们无法影响将要看到的事情，唯一能做的事情只是看着。故选B。
【12题详解】
句意：一天，我在办公室里小睡，突然被车祸声吵醒。
symbol象征；sight视力；sound声音；sign记号。由“I woke up to the _____of a car crash”可知，我被车祸的声音惊醒了。故选C。
【13题详解】
句意：我一下子就不喜欢他了。
accepted接受；remembered记得；disliked不喜欢；greeted致意。由下文“this terrible man”“that villainous man ”可知作者觉得那个人可憎，由此可知是不喜欢他了。故选C。
【14题详解】
句意：令我吃惊的是，那个人试图修复他造成的损害。
confirm确认；avoid避免；cover补偿；repair修理。由下文“Once he even funnily fell onto the road when trying to pull the fence”可知，那个男人想要修理他造成的损害。故选D。
【15题详解】
句意：我笑了很多。
complained抱怨；laughed笑；learnt学习；thought想。由上文“Once he even funnily fell onto the road…”及下文“…was brightening my whole day”可知，这个男人滑稽的修理栅栏的行为让我笑了。故选B。
【16题详解】
句意：我想，那将是他努力的终点。
end终点；fun乐趣；problem问题；lesson教训。由下文“…was going to _____ all the mess behind for someone else to clean up”可知，我认为那个男人决定不再修理栅栏了，要将烂摊子留给别人，故此处应为“这是他努力的终点”。故选A。
【17题详解】
句意：那个人——那个恶棍——打算把所有的烂摊子都留给别人收拾。
hide隐藏；push推动；move移动；leave遗留。由上文“That, I thought, would be the end of his efforts.”可知，我认为那个男人不会再修理栅栏了，要将烂摊子留给别人收拾。故选D。
【18题详解】
句意：但这就是窗户的力量。
quality质量；shame羞耻；power力量；truth真相。由上文“A window…but powerful tool”可知，窗户具有力量。故选C。
【19题详解】
句意：几分钟后，那人带着一些工具出现了。
friends朋友；tools工具；medicines药；plans计划。由下文“I watched out of my window as he kept on fixing the fence”可知，那个男人带着工具来修栅栏。故选B。
【20题详解】
句意：接下来的一个小时里，我看着窗外的他不停地修缮篱笆，直到栅栏变得格外安全，比以前更坚固。
until直到；when当……时；after……之后；since自从。由“he kept on fixing the fence _____it was extra safe, stronger than before.”可知，那个男人一直在修栅栏，直到它变得安全坚固，故此处应用until引导时间状语从句。故选A。
【21题详解】
句意：我意识到，我丑陋的假设都是关于我自己的。
ugly丑陋的；friendly友好的；proper正确的；possible可能的。由上文“That, I thought, would be the end of his efforts. …This man was a hero”可知，我之前认为这个男人会将烂摊子留给别人，但是他重新出现直到修好栅栏，所以我之前关于这个男人的设想是丑陋的。故选A。
【22题详解】
句意：如果我遇到这样一个混乱的局面，我会害怕和逃跑。
encouraged受到鼓舞的；pleased高兴的；scared害怕的；relaxed放松的。由“I would be _____and run away if I came across such a messy situation”可知，我遇到这样混乱的局面会害怕并逃走。故选C。
三、阅读理解
With so much free time on our hands during lockdown, many of us have entertained the idea of knowing more about the world. Learning a foreign language is a good choice. Here are a few examples, in order of time it takes people to learn them.
Latin languages (about 600 hours)
The popular Latin languages — Italian, French, Spanish and Portuguese — require about 600 hours to learn. Of these, Spanish and Italian are the easiest for English speakers to learn. They are followed by Portuguese and finally French.
Latin languages share many words with English. However, those shared words look or sound similar, but have different meanings over time.
Greek (1,100 hours)
Modern Greek is maybe the easiest language to learn that uses a different alphabet(字母表). It is also a language that has contributed many words to English. Indeed, the president of Greece once gave two speeches at an international meeting that included just Greek loan words(外来词) as well as the unavoidable basic English.
Japanese (2, 200 hours)
Counting objects in Japanese depends on whether they are long and thin (like “roads”), small and round (like “apples”), thin and flat (like “sheets of paper”), and hundreds more examples.
What Japanese you speak also depends on your gender(性别). There’s a “rough” language for men and a more “ladylike” language for women, but you must understand both.
Chinese (2, 200 hours)
Each Chinese written word is hardly understandable when spoken between a Mandarin (普通话) speaker in Beijing and a Cantonese speaker in Guangdong. If you think that's strange, consider our number system: the symbol “2” is widely understood but it’s pronounced “two” in English and “duex” in French.
23. For an English speaker, which of the following is the easiest to learn?
A. Japanese. B. French. C. Greek. D. Italian.
24. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The same word in two languages always has the same meaning.
B. The English language and the Greek language use the same alphabet.
C. Objects are counted differently in Japanese according to their shapes.
D. A Mandarin speaker and a Cantonese speaker write Chinese differently.
25. The purpose of this passage is to tell English speakers__________.
A. how to learn some foreign languages
B. why they must learn a foreign language
C. some information on the difficulty of foreign languages
D. not to choose an Asian language to learn as it is too hard
【答案】23. D 24. C 25. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍拉丁语、希腊语、日语和汉语，这几门语言学习都是有难度的。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Spanish and Italian are the easiest for English speakers to learn”可知对于讲英语的人来说，西班牙语和意大利语更容易学，故选D。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Latin languages share many words with English. However, those shared words look or sound similar, but have different meanings over time”拉丁语和英语有很多单词共享，但是看上去或者听起来相似的单词意义不同，A选项“两种语言单词相同意义相同”表述错误。根据第四段“It is also a language that has contributed many words to English”希腊语给英语贡献了很多单词，B选项“英语和希腊语使用相同的字母表”表述错误。根据第五段“Counting objects in Japanese depends on whether they are long and thin (like ‘roads’), small and round (like ‘apples’), thin and flat (like ‘sheets of paper’), and hundreds more examples”可知物体的数数在日语里根据形状是不同的。C选项表述正确。D选项讲普通话和讲粤语的人写汉语不同，文中没有提到。故选C。
【25题详解】
写作目的题。文章主要介绍拉丁语、希腊语、日语和汉语，这几门语言学习都是有难度的。可推知写作的目的是为了给读者介绍外语学习的困难的一些信息。故选C。
Influenza, or flu(流感), is a type of virus. It spreads from one person to another quickly. When someone who has the flu coughs or sneezes, little droplets from their lungs (肺) spread out into the air. Anyone nearby can get sick. Even a person who touches something with the virus and then touches his or her mouth, eyes, or nose, can become infected(感染).
The outbreak of the 1918 influenza infected about 500 million people worldwide. It killed from 20 million to 50 million people. It was first seen in Europe, the United States, and parts of Asia. It then spread quickly around the world. Many people who became sick were young, healthy adults. At the time, no treatments worked in the prevention of the spread of the killer flu. People were ordered to wear masks. Schools, theaters and other public places were closed.
When the first wave(波〉in the spring of 1918 hit, it didn't seem serious. People who were infected felt the usual flu symptoms(症状), which are chills, fevers, and feeling tired. Those who got sick generally got better after several days. Not many died. However, a second, highly contagious(传染的)wave of influenza appeared in the fall of that same year. Victims died shortly after they were infected — within hours or days. Their skin turned blue and their lungs were filled with liquid(液体), making it very difficult to breathe.
By the summer of 1919, the flu pandemic(大流行病) came to an end. Sick people had either got well or died. Almost 90 years later, in 2008, researchers announced they’d discovered why the 1918 flu was so deadly. The flu virus inflamed (使…恶化)the lungs, causing them to fill with liquid.
Since 1918, there have been several other influenza pandemics, although none has been quite as deadly.
26. What information about the 1918 flu is mentioned in the passage?
A. The reason why it was so deadly.
B. The reason why it ended.
C. The change it caused to medical research.
D. The place in which it was last seen.
27 All the people that were infected with the 1918 flu___________.
A. had blue skin that led to their death
B. had touched someone with the virus
C. died as their lungs were filled with liquid
D. had the virus in their bodies that made them sick
28. Which of the following statements about the 1918 flu is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Wearing a mask was the best way to treat it.
B. A younger person had a lower risk of being infected with it.
C. People expected the coming of its second wave, but couldn’t stop it.
D. It was deadlier than any other influenza pandemic in modern history.
【答案】26. A 27. C 28. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述1918年的流感的爆发以及它如此的致命的原因。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据“The outbreak of the 1918 influenza infected…”,“When the first wave in the spring of 1918 hit,…”以及“researchers announced they’d discovered why the 1918 flu was so deadly”可概括出文章主要介绍1918年的流感如此的致命的原因，故选A。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“why the 1918 flu was so deadly. The flu virus inflamed the lungs, causing them to fill with liquid”流感病毒使肺恶化，导致肺充满了液体。故选C。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。A选项戴口罩是治疗的最好办法文中没有提到，A选项排除。根据“Many people who became sick were young, healthy adults”很多人生病都是年轻健康的成年人，B选项“更年轻的人被感染的风险低一些”表述错误。根据倒数第三段“When the first wave in the spring of 1918 hit, it didn't seem serious…Those who got sick generally got better after several days. Not many died”第一波不是很严重，很多生病的人几天之后都好转了没人死亡，以及倒数第二段“By the summer of 1919, the flu pandemic came to an end. Sick people had either got well or died”1919年夏天流感结束，生病的人要么康复要么死了，C选项“人们期望第二波流感的爆发，但是不能阻止它”表述错误。根据最后一段“Since 1918, there have been several other influenza pandemics, although none has been quite as deadly”自从1918有其他的流感没有一个有那样致命。可知它比现代历史上的其他流感更致命。D选项表述正确。故选D。
“What’s wrong, Carina?” Collin asked. “Homesick again?”
His sister nodded.
“Yeah, me too.” Collin sighed(叹息).
Their family had moved to the new place nearly four months ago. The new place was housed inside a huge transparent dome (透明的圆屋顶). It still didn't feel like home.
“I miss my friends,” Carina said sadly. “And green grass and swimming, and everything. I even miss the sound of rain on the roof(屋顶).”