英语动词搭配辨析.doc

中考英语动词搭配辨析
中考英语近义动词（词组）辨析
1. 辨析take；cost；spend；pay
主语为人的有spend和pay；主语为物的有cost；主语常为“it”的有take.
（1）spend多用人作主语，后接金钱或时间。spend…on sth / (in)doing sth，
例如：I spent 15 yuan on this new book.
　（2）take常用于 "It takes sb. some time to do sth" 句型中，例如：
　It often takes me half an hour to go to school by bike every day.
（3）pay常与for连用，表“付给……款”。例如：
　　　　I paid 15 Yuan for this new book.
　（4）cost常用物作主语，表“价值或花费多少钱”，例如：
　　　　This new book cost me 15 Yuan.
【例题】How much money did you in fixing your watch?
A. cost B. pay C. spend
2. 辨析bring; take; get； carry
（1）bring指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来”或“带来”，由远及近。例如：
　　　　You’d better finish you homework today and bring it to school tomorrow.
May I bring Tom along?　　　Bring the book to me, please.
（2）take指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“带到”或“拿到” 离说话人较远处，由近及远。例如：
　　　　Could you take the book to the classroom? I am busy now.
（3）get指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来。例如：
　　　　Will you get that book for me?
　（4）carry不强调动作来去的方向，只说明动作方式，表示“背着、扛着、提着、载着”等含义。例如
　　　　The buses and taxis are carry people here and there.
The box is so heavy that the little boy can’t carry it.
【例题】I don’t know where Wenchuan Country is.
---- Let me a map of China for you.
A. take B. bring C. fetch D. carry
3. 辨析take part in；join
take part in 指“参加某活动、比赛”。
join 指“加入某组织或人群
【例题】Many famous pop stars the charity show.
A. join 　 B. take part in 　 C. took part in　
4. 辨析put on；wear；dress ；in
put on 表“穿上”，强调穿衣的动作，后接衣服作宾语，代词放中间。
Here is your coat. Put it on, Lucy.
He put on his new pair of sunglasses and went out.
wear 表“穿着”，强调穿的状态，后接衣服作宾语。
-“What is she wearing?”
- “She’s wearing a red hat and a blue jacket.”
dress 表“给…穿衣服”，宾语为人。
My mother is dressing herself.
My little brother is too young. Mom dresses him every morning.
in 后多接衣服的颜色，表示“穿着……颜色衣服的”。例如：
　　　 The man in black is my father.
Have you seen a boy in a red sweater?
【例题】Can you_____ your little brother? I’m busy now.
--- OK. I’ll do it right now.
A. wear B. put on C. dress D. in
5. 辨析have been to； have gone to
have been to 表“曾经去过某地”（已经回来了）。
have gone to表“已经去了某地”（还没回）
【例题】Maria is wanted on the telephone. Where is she?
---- She ________ the library. You can find her there.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has left D. will leave
6. 辨析tell; talk; say; speak
tell表“告诉，讲述”， 多为及物动词，后面多接两个宾语。
I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back tomorrow.
Granny often tells me funny stories.
The policeman told us not to play football in the street again.
talk表“交谈、谈论”， talk多是不及物动词，常与with/to/about搭配使用再接宾语。如：
They are talking about their friends now.
I will talk to your father about your health next time.
Mr. Zhang is going to give us a talk at the meeting.
say表“说” 作及物动词，后接说话的内容做宾语。
Did you say goodbye to your granny?
speak表“讲”后接某种语言作宾语，打电话时常用它表示说话，也有“演讲”的意思，不强调说话的内容。
We can speak Chinese and English.
　　　 May I speak to Henry?
　　　 He will speak at the meeting tonight.
【例题】Our English teacher often us stories in English.
A. tells B. speaks C. talks
7. 辨析look up；look for；find；find out
look up 表“查找”后接“词典、书、电话簿”等。
look for 表“寻找” 强调找的动作。
find 表“找到” 强调结果。
find out 表“找出，发现，查明”。
【例题】What's the matter ?
----I am having trouble ____ who has taken my book.. (2008山东青岛)
A. finding B. looking for C. finding out D. looking up
8. 辨析reach； arrive； get
这三个单词都可表“到达”，但只有reach是及物动词，后可直接接地名.
We reached Shanghai at eight on Monday.
arrive 须与in/at连用，arrive in+大地名，arrive at+小地名.
We have already arrived in Shanghai.
They arrived at school at 6:30 yesterday.
get须与to连用，即 get to+地名。
I got to the Capital Cinema at 9:00.
注意：当表示到达here, there, home时，arrive或get后不要加介词。
When did you get home? When will you arrive there?
【例题】It's reported the Olympic flame for 2008 Beijing Games________Beijing International Airport on March 31, 2008.
A. reached to B. arrived at C. got at D. entered in
9. 辨析lend; borrow; keep
borrow指其逻辑主语从别处或别人那里“借来”东西，常与介词from连用。例如：
　　　　May I borrow some money from you?
You can borrow books from the library.
lend指其逻辑主语将东西“借出、借给”别人，常与介词to连用，lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人。例如：
　　　　Could you lend me some money?
The library lends books to the students.
keep指“保存”，是延续性动词，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，而其它两个是非延续性动词。例如：
　　　　How long may I keep the book? I have kept the book for 3 weeks.
【例题】You have my dictionary for two weeks.
A. lent B. borrowed C. kept
10. 辨析forget; leave
forget表“遗忘某物”，后不接地点。
leave表“把某物遗忘在某处”，后接地点。
【例题】This morning I went to school in such a hurry that I my notebook at home.
A. left B. forgot C. lost
11. 辨析receive; accept
receive的意思是“收到了……”，只表示收到某物，并不表明同意或不同意接受的含义。例如：
　　　　I received a gift from her, but I returned it back to her this morning.
accept表示“接受……”，“同意接纳……”。如接受物体、邀请、批评等，反义词为refuse。
He received an invitation from her and accepted it happily.
【例题】I _________a strange gift yesterday, and I still don’t know who it was from.
A. took B. accepted C. received D. brought
12. 辨析win；beat
win表“赢”， 后面接的不是被打败的对手，而是比赛本身、游戏、战争、名次、奖品等。例如：
　　　　Our football team won the football game by 3 to 1.
beat表示“赢”或“打败”，后面要接被打败的对手。例如：
　　　　Our football team beat theirs by 3 to 1.。
【例题】Our team the match. We’ve got the first place.
A. hit B. beat C. won
13. 辨析be made of； be made from
两者都指“由…制成”，be made of 看得出原料；be made from看不出原料
【例题】The desks are made ______ wood.
A. from B. of C. in D. by
14. 辨析hope ；wish
它们都可表“希望”，它们后都可以接动词不定式和宾语从句。
wish接的宾语从句常用过去时态表难以实现的愿望，wish可以接双宾语。
hope接的宾语从句常用将来时态，一般表示能够实现的希望，hope 不能接双宾语。
hope to do sth (√) hope sb to do sth (×) wish sb to do sth (√)
hope sb sth (×) wish sb sth (√)
【例题】_________you good luck in the new year!-----The same to you.
　　 A. Hope B. Want C. Wish D. Like
15. 辨析sound；listen；hear
sound 表“听起来”是系动词，常接形容词作表语。
listen表“听”是不及物动词，须与to 连用才能接宾语，表示听的动作。
hear 表“听见、听到”，强调听的结果
【例题】Can you ____ some animals？
A. hear B. listen to C. look
16. 辨析look；see；watch；read
look看，表动作，须与at 连用才能接宾语，表“朝…看”，强调看的方向。
see表“看到”，强调看的结果。
watch表“观看”，尤其指看活动的画面，如电视，球赛等
read读书看报等文字材料。例如：My father is reading newspaper now.
【例题】I the blackboard carefully, and I my name on it.
A. looked at; watched B. looked at; saw C. watched; saw
17. 辨析reply; answer
reply表“回复、答复”，是不及物动词, 常与to连用后才能接宾语。
He didn’t want to reply to my questions.
answer表“回答、答复”，是及物动词，后面可直接接宾语。
【例题】You must me soon.
A. answer to B. reply to C. write
18. 辨析lie; lay
（1）lie有多个意思：表示“躺；展示；位于”时，其变化是：lay,lain, lying；
　　　　　　　　　　 表示“说谎”时，其变化是：lied, lied, lying
I saw an old man lying on the street.
Don’t believe him. He always lies.
（2）lay的含意是“放置、产卵”等。其变化是：laid, laid, laying.
I can’t find my book anywhere. I remember that I laid it on the desk last night.
19. 辨析join; join in;take part in
都表示“参加”。
Join ①指加入某组织并成为其中一员。When did your brother join the army?
②和某人一道做某事，其结构为：join sb.in (doing) sth.,根据上下文,in (doing) sth.也可以省去.如：
Will you join us in the discussion?你参加我们的讨论吗?
He’ll join us in singing the song.他将和我们一道唱歌.
join in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等,常用于日常口语。如：
Come along,and join in the ball game.
take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等,着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用.如：
We’ll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.
20. 辨析get;turn;become
这三个词都可作系动词用，表示状态的变化，后跟表语，但三个词的用法稍有不同。get强调情感、气候和环境的变化；turn强调色彩的变化；而become则强调职务、职称等的变化。如：
The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter．冬天的白天越来越短。
She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red．她回答不出问题，脸红了。
When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么时候当的老师？十年前。

二、英语书面表达专项训练
2．书面表达
为感受母爱情深，弘扬知恩图报，某英语网站正在举办以"My Mother"为主题的征文活动，请根据下列思维导图所提供的信息，写一篇短文，介绍你的母亲和你之间的故事。

参考词汇：give much to…，It's my turn to…，try my best to…
提示：
1）短文内容须包括所给内容，含母亲曾为你所做的事和你将为母亲所做的事各一件，并阐述原因；
2）请注意短文结构层次、时态运用和卷面整洁度；
3）词数80个左右，短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；
4）文中不得出现学校和个人的相关信息。
My  Mother
We need love．We also need to show love．The person I love most is my
mother．___．
【答案】My mother
We need love．We also need to show love．The person I love most is my mother．My mother is 41 years old．She is of medium build with long black hair．She is quiet．She is a history teacher in a middle school．She likes dancing．She can cook delicious food．
She did a lot for me when I was a child．She bought whatever I needed for my study，even though she didn't have much money．She sent me from piano lessons to dancing lessons at the weekend．She cooked delicious and healthy food for me．
When I grow up，I will do what I can to make my mother happy．I will find a good job after I graduate from college．I'll save money and buy beautiful clothes that make her look still young．I'll take her to wonderful sights around China．Most importantly，I will stay with her when I have free time．That's what she wants most，I think．
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇给材料作文。为感受母爱情深，弘扬知恩图报，要求以"My Mother"为主题写一篇短文介绍你的母亲和你之间的故事，参加某英语网站正在举办的征文活动。在写作时，注意文章文体、人称和时态；注意连句成篇，保持文章的连贯性，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。
【点睛】
首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；同时注意语句要通顺，词汇书写无误，不要出现语法错误。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。

3．书面表达（本题15分）根据要求完成短文写作，请将作文写在答题卡指定的位置上。
为了使生活更美好，社会需要正能量（positive energy）。生活中，我们需要他人的帮助，也要学会帮助他人。请你在网上给What would you do?本期节目留言，内容包括：
1. 你对节目中挺身而出的顾客的看法；
2. 说说你帮助别人或别人帮助你的一件事例；
3. 呼吁大家互帮互助，彼此感恩，让社会充满正能量。
作文要求：
1．不得照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和学生的真实姓名。
2．语句连贯，词数80个左右。 作文的开头已经给出，不必抄写在试卷上，也不计入总词数。
In the program, a customer stood up when a blind woman was cheated badly in a cake shop. _______
【答案】In the program, a customer stood up when a blind woman was cheated badly in a cake shop. I really admire her because she was brave enough to help the woman in need.
The other day I saw a little girl crying at a street corner on my way home. I tried my best to make her stop crying. When I knew she was lost, I helped her make a call to her dad and stayed with her until he arrived. I found it pleasant to give others a hand.
In my opinion, we are supposed to help each other and be thankful for others’ help. I strongly believe helping others will fill our society with positive energy. As the saying goes, “The rose’s in her hand, the flavor in mine.”（113w）
【解析】
【详解】
本文属于话题作文，描述对节目中挺身而出的顾客的看法、发生在你身上正能量的事件以及鼓励大家相互帮助，并让世界充满正能量。根据要表达的内容确定并准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。
亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好的完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态、主谓一致，特别适用一些亮点词句，如be for, adj enough to do, the other day, try one’s best, make sb do, make a call, give sb a hand, in one’s opinion, be supposed to, be filled with, the rose in her hand, the flavor in mine等。增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，用词准确，句子通顺，行文连贯。
【点睛】
写作时可以从以下几个方面做起：
认真审题。审好题是写好书面表达的关键。审题时要注意试题的要求，抓住要点，词数符合要求。
构思提纲。有了提纲，我们就可以根据提纲和主题确定相关的写作材料。通常书面表达给出的话题是开放的，而具体的内容要求学生自己发挥，因此选择恰当的素材也是使短文中心突出、明确的关键。
初写短文。一切都准备就绪，就可以动笔写作了，在写作的过程中我们要注意句子的准确性、连贯性以及简洁性。使用的词语、短语及句型尽量用自己有把握的词。同时还要注意使用恰当的连词，使句子衔接自然。
修改润色。修改润色是获取高分的必要步骤。这一步我们除了检查短文的各种错误外，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，格式是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。

4．假如你是李华，你校正举办英语读书节活动,你在参与活动的过程中遇到一些困难。请给你的英国朋友Nick写一封email向他求助。
要求：
1.80—120 词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数;
2.文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。
参考要点：
1.活动情况简介(时间、内容……);
2.遇到的困难(如：缺少相关书籍、英语阅读困难……)；
3.请求帮助的事项。
Dear Nick,
How’s everything going?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Nick,
How’s everything going?
Our school is holding an English reading festival this June. I’m very interested in it. There are many different activation in the festival such as reading good English books. sharing good stories and so on. It’s a good chance for us to learn more about western cultures. However, I have some problems. First, I don’t have enough books. For example, I want to get some books about western history. Next, I’m not so good at English, I have trouble in reading. Would you please share some good books with me and give me some advice on reading?
I expect to hear from you soon.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇书信作文。假如你是李华，你校正举办英语读书节活动,你在参与活动的过程中遇到一些困难。请给你的英国朋友Nick写一封email向他求助。首先要注意书信的书写格式，文章时态主要用一般现在时，人称主要为第一人称。在写作时，要注意理顺要点，防止漏写；注意紧扣主题，连句成篇，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。最后，要仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符号误用等，还要检查字数是否符合要求。
参考要点：
1.活动情况简介(时间、内容……);
2.遇到的困难(如：缺少相关书籍、英语阅读困难……)；
3.请求帮助的事项。

5．书面表达
初中生活即将结束。在这三年里你的生活中定不乏难以忘怀的人或事，请以“An unforgettable in my school life”为题，用英语写一篇短文。讲述
一个你最难忘的人或事。
要求: 1.请补全题目，如teacher. classmate或trip等:
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校姓名;
3.语言表达准确,短文连贯通顺，80词左右。
【答案】An unforgettable teacher in my school life
For these three years, I regard my English teacher as one of my best teachers. She not only helps me with my English but also cares for me in life. When I first learned English ,I dared not talk in her class because of my pronunciation. She taught me how to pronounce the words correctly again and again with patience. After class , she gave me lots of advice on how to learn English well. Now I can speak English as well as my classmates. She looks after me like my mother while I am busy studying. We have fun doing sports together .She is so kind and helpful that I can’t forget her in my school life.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇是话题作文，介绍自己难忘的人或事。
【详解】
1.本篇要求学生自己补全题目，确定写作的目标，写自己3年初中校园生活里难忘的人或事，描述难忘的人用第三人称，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，开头和结尾一般性阐述，用一般现在时；书写时要围绕中心“unforgettable”，叙述清楚具体的事件或情节，文章结构要清晰明了，注意短语、句型的正确使用。
2.本篇例文叙述难忘的英语老师，开头句“regard my English teacher as one of my best teachers.”直入主题，正文部分详细描述了老师如何耐心的多方面的帮助自己，结尾句.She is so kind and helpful that I can’t forget her in my school life.呼应中心词unforgettable。整篇文章结构严谨，紧扣主题，前呼后应。
3.高分亮点：巧用连词， not only…but also，because of as well as，so…that…句子得以有机结合；短语how to do sth，teach sb to do sth，care for也为文章的语言增色不少。

6．书面表达
某英文报社组织了题为“我喜欢的英语谚语”征文活动，你有意参加。请从下面两句谚语中任选一句作为标题写一篇英语作文，内容须包括：
1. 该谚语的含义；
2. 体现该谚语含义的个人经历。
a) A friend in need is a friend indeed.
b) Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
参考词汇：谚语 proverb
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【答案】A Friend in Need is a Friend Indeed
A life without friends is a life without sunshine! Friends try their best to help you without thinking of what they can get from it.
Once I doub