华中农业大学研究生英语课程全文翻译.doc

真爱无限（Hungry for your love）那是在1942年的一个寒冷而漆黑的冬天，与在纳粹集中营的其他日子里同样没有任何区别，在冬日里我裹着破布，瑟瑟发抖，仍然无法相信这恶梦般的一切。我只是一个年轻的男孩，我应当和朋友们一起玩耍，一起上学，憧憬美好的未来，长大，结婚，拥有一个属于我的家庭。但是，对于眼前这一切来说，那些都是梦而已，我不再向往他们。取而代之的是，我即将死去，自从我被从自己的家乡带到这来后，天天每小时都苟延残喘，我明天还会活着吗？是否今晚就会被带进毒气室呢？ 我在铁丝网附近来回走着，试图让瘦弱的身体暖和起来。我很饿，已经记不起来何时有饥饿感了。可以吃的东西似乎只是一个梦而已。每一天，随着我们中人数的减少，那些过去的欢乐时间似乎仅仅是一场梦而已，于是我陷入了越来越深的绝望当中。忽然，我注意到，一个年轻的女孩正通过铁丝网的那端。她停住脚步，用一双带有哀愁的目光看着我，似乎她也想告诉我，她理解我的处境，但是不晓得为什么我会在这里。我想把目光转移开，她这样看着我让我感到慕名奇妙的羞愧，但是，我又无法转移我的目光。就在那时，她把手伸进口袋，拿出了一个红苹果，一个美丽的，闪着红光的苹果。啊，从我上次见到它已近很久很久了！她警惕的左右环视了一下，然后面带着胜利的微笑，将苹果扔过了铁丝网。我跑 过去捡起了苹果，用冻的发抖双手紧紧握住它。在我死亡的世界里，这个苹果所传递出的的正是生命和爱。我抬起头，注视着那个女孩消失在远处。 第二天，我无法控制住自己，在同一时间，来到了靠近栅栏的地方。是我疯了，希望她能再次出现吗？当然，就在此处，我必须抓住任何微小的希望，由于她给了我希望，所以，我必须要牢牢抓紧它。 她真的再次来了，并且，再次给我带来了一个苹果，面带着微笑，将苹果扔过铁丝网。 这次，我接住了苹果，并且把它举起，以便能让那个女孩看到。她的眼睛在闪烁，是在同情我吗？或许，但是，我不敢肯定。我只是感到这样注视着她是如此的幸福。第一次，时间是与此之长，我可以感到自己的心随着激情而起伏。 七个多月，我们就是如此相见。有时，我们也会交谈几句；有时，仅仅是一个苹果。但是，她所给我的东西远胜过我的肚量，但是，她，是来自天堂的天使。她是在滋润我的灵魂。但是，不知怎么的，我感觉到我也在滋润她。 一天，我听到了一个可怕的消息：我们要被运往此外一个集中营。很明显，对我而言，这将是对我和我的朋友的一个结束。 第二天，当我再次问候她时，我的心都快要碎了。我实在不想说什么，但是又必须得说：“明天不要再给我苹果了，”我对她说。“我将被送往此外一个集中营，我们将无法再次相见了。”在我无法控制自己之前，立刻转过身，我跑着离开了铁丝网。我不能回头，假如我做了，我知道她会看到我满脸泪水的站在那。 无数个月过去了，恶梦仍然继续。但是，那个女孩的记忆，支撑着我，度过那些恐怖，痛苦和绝望。一次次的，在我记忆中，我看到了她的脸，她善良的眼睛，听到她那轻柔的声音，品尝着那些苹果。 然而，就在那天，恶梦结束了，战争结束了。我们中的那些仍然幸存的人获得了自由。我已经失去了所有，对我来说一切珍贵的东西，涉及我的家庭。但是，我仍然有关于那个女孩的记忆，一个带入我心灵的，给了我信念继续前景的记忆，我即将回到美国，开始我崭新生活时。 许数年过去了。在1957年，我居住在纽约市，一个朋友劝说我和他的一个女朋友一起去狂饮一番。不情愿下，我批准了。这个女人名叫Roma，和我同样，她也使移民，所以，在这点上，我们至少是同样的。 “战争期间你在哪？”她轻轻地问我。在那些年里，移民之间互相问问题是需要技巧的。 “在德国的一个集中营里，”我答道。 Roma的眼神是如此的深邃，如同她记起了一些痛苦而又甜美的事来。 “怎么了？”我问道。 “我只是想起了过去的一些事情，Herman，”Roman忽然用一种非常柔软的声音解释道。“你想，当我还是一个小女孩时，我就住在一个集中营附近。那里，有一个男孩，他是一个俘虏，并且在相称长了一段时间里，我天天去看他。我记得我常给他带苹果。我将苹果扔过铁丝网，那时，他是如此快乐！” Roma大声叹息道，然后继续。“很难形容我们对对对方是怎么样的一种感觉，毕竟，我们当时太年轻了，我们只交谈过几句，但是，我敢肯定的告诉你，那里面饱含着很深的爱。我猜测，他像其别人同样已经被杀死了，但是，我还是忍不住去想那些，所以，我还是试着去回忆他，由于他是那些赋予我们几个月里一同度过的人。” 随后我的心怦怦的直跳，我感觉它快要跳出来了。我直视着Roma，问道，“那么，那个男孩是否说过，明天不要再给我苹果，我将被送往此外一个集中营。了吗？” “是的，怎么了？”Roma用颤抖的声音回答道。 “但是，Heman，你怎么知道那个的？” 我握起她的手，回答道，“由于我就是那个男孩，Roma。” 接着，便是许久的沉寂。我们无法将对方从自己的视线中转移，随着时间的消逝，我们透过的眼睛，看到了灵魂，一个让我们曾经深爱的亲爱的朋友，一个从未让我们停驻深爱对方的人，一个我们永远无法停止不回忆对方的人。 最终，我说道：“瞧，Roma，我已经和你分开了一次，不想再和你分开了。现在，我已经自由了，我想和你永远在一起。亲爱的，你乐意嫁给我吗？” 当Roma回答时，我在她的眼睛里再次看到了之前的闪动，“是的，我乐意嫁给你。”我们互相拥抱，这个拥抱我们已经渴望许久了，但是却很难实现，现在，不会再有任何阻碍了。 当我再次找到我的Roma那天算起，几乎40年。在战阵期间，命运将我们带到了一起，给我了希望的诺言，现在，它有将我们重聚在一起，去实现那个诺言。 1996年，情人节那天，我带着Roma，来到了国家电视台的Oprah Winfrey节目，想当着数亿观众的面，告诉她在我心中，天天的感受是怎么样的： 亲爱的，当我在集中营里饥饿时，是你给我了食物，但是，我现在仍然饥饿，由于我永远也得不到一些足够的东西那就是你的爱！“ 跨文化谈判Cross culture negotiationCross cultural negotiation is one of many specialized areas within the wider field of cross cultural communications. By taking cross cultural negotiation training, negotiators and sales personnel give themselves an advantage over competitors.跨文化谈判在广阔的跨文化交流中，是专业领域中的一种。通过接受跨文化谈判的培训，谈判者和销售人员会比竞争对手有优势。There is an argument that proposes that culture is inconsequential to cross cultural negotiation. It maintains that as long as a proposal is financially attractive it will succeed. However, this is a nave way of approaching international business.有讨论提出，文化对跨文化谈判是不重要的。它主张一个建议只要有财政吸引力，它将会成功。然而，对于推动国际业务这是个幼稚的方式。 Let us look at a brief example of how cross cultural negotiation training can benefit the international business person:让我们看一个简明的例子，跨文化谈判训练如何使国际商务人士受益：There are two negotiators dealing with the same potential client in the Middle East. Both have identical proposals and packages. One ignores the importance of cross cultural negotiation training believing the proposal will speak for itself. The other undertakes some cross cultural training. He/she learns about the culture, values, beliefs, etiquette and approaches to business, meetings and negotiations. Nine times out of ten the latter will succeed over the rival. This is because 1) it is likely they would have endeared themselves more to the host negotiation team and 2) they would be able to tailor their approach to the negotiations in a way that maximises the potential of a positive outcome.在中东，有两个谈判者和同一个潜在客户进行交易。他们两个都有相同的建议和方案。 其中一方忽视了跨文化谈判训练的重要性，并认为他的建议可以说明他自身。另一方进行了一些跨文化谈判训练 ，他/她了解客户方的文化、价值观、信仰、礼节和进行交易、会议、谈判的方法。十之八九，后者将会成功击败对手。这是由于，第一，他们有也许使主谈判队喜欢，第二，他们有能力以一种使潜在结果达成最大值的方法进行更适合的谈判。（他们可以使他们的方法适应谈判，从而尽也许赢得谈判)。Cross cultural negotiations is about more than just how foreigners close deals. It involves looking at all factors that can influence the proceedings. By way of highlighting this, a few brief examples of topics covered in cross cultural negotiation training shall be offered.跨文化谈判不仅仅是外国人如何完毕交易。它涉及到寻找所有可以影响进程的因素。通过强调这一点,应当提供一些包含跨文化谈判训练主题的简朴例子。Eye Contact: In the US, UK and much of northern Europe, strong, direct eye contact conveys confidence and sincerity. In South America it is a sign of trustworthiness. However, in some cultures such as the Japanese, prolonged eye contact is considered rude and is generally avoided.眼神交会:在美国,英国和大部分北欧国家,强有力的,直接的眼神交会传达着自信和真诚。 在南美洲，它是一个可信赖的标志。然而,在一些文化中如日本,长时间的眼神交会被认为是粗鲁的,通常要避免它Personal Space & Touch: In Europe and North America, business people will usually leave a certain amount of distance between themselves when interacting. Touching only takes place between friends. In South America or the Middle East, business people are tactile and like to get up close. In Japan or China, it is not uncommon for people to leave a gap of four feet when conversing. Touching only takes place between close friends and family members.个人空间和接触:在欧洲和北美,商务人士在交谈时通常会保持一定量的距离。肢体接触只发生在朋友朋友之间。在南美和中东,商务人员喜欢接触并且是密切的接触。日本或中国,很多情况下,人们在谈话时常保持四英尺的距离。肢体接触只发生在密切的朋友和家庭成员之间。Time: Western societies are very clock conscious. Time is money and punctuality is crucial. This is also the case in countries such as Japan or China where being late would be taken as an insult. However, in South America, southern Europe and the Middle East, being on time for a meeting does not carry the same sense of urgency.时间: 西方社会有很强的时间意识。时间就是金钱，守时是非常重要的。像在日本和中国也是这样，迟到被认为是对对方的欺侮。 然而，在南美洲、南欧和中东地区，准时赴会并没有这种紧迫感的意思。Meeting & Greeting: most international business people meet with a handshake. In some countries this is not appropriate between genders. Some may view a weak handshake as sign of weakness whereas others would perceive a firm handshake as aggressive. How should people be addressed? Is it by first name, surname or title? Is small talk part of the proceedings or not?会见&问候：大多数国际商务人士见面都会握手。在一些国家，异性之间握手并不合适。有些人认为轻轻握手是软弱的表现，而有些人认为强有力的握手是有侵略性的表现。应当怎么称呼别人呢？是叫名，姓，是头衔呢？是不是先进行一小段闲聊再进入正式议程呢？Gift-Giving: In Japan and China gift-giving is an integral part of business protocol however in the US or UK, it has negative connotations. Where gifts are exchanged should one give lavish gifts? Are they always reciprocated? Should they be wrapped? Are there numbers or colours that should be avoided?赠送礼物：赠送礼物在中国和日本是商务礼仪中必不可少的一部分，然而，在英国和美国却有着负面含义。在哪里互换礼物，一个人是否应当赠送丰富的礼物？他们总是被回赠吗？礼物是否需要包装？是否需要避开某些数字或者颜色？All the above in one way or another will impact cross cultural negotiation and can only be learnt through cross cultural training. Doing or saying the wrong thing at the wrong time, poor communication and cross cultural misunderstandings can all have harmful consequences.上述所有的因素在某种限度上都影响着跨文化谈判，并且这些因素只能通过跨文化培训去了解。在错误的时间做错或说错事情，沟通不畅以及对跨文化的误解，这些都会产生有害的后果。Cross cultural negotiation training builds its foundations upon understanding etiquettes and approaches to business abroad before focusing on cross cultural differences in negotiation styles and techniques.在关注跨文化谈判形式和技巧差异之前，需要将跨文化谈判培训的基础建立在对国外商务礼仪和方式的理解之上。There are three interconnected aspects that need to be considered before entering into cross cultural negotiation.在进入跨文化谈判之前，我们需要考虑三个互相关联的方面。The Basis of the Relationship: in much of Europe and North America, business is contractual in nature. Personal relationships are seen as unhealthy as they can cloud objectivity and lead to complications. In South America and much of Asia, business is personal. Partnerships will only be made with those they know, trust and feel comfortable with. It is therefore necessary to invest in relationship building before conducting business.关系基础：在大多数欧洲和北美地区，生意就是协议性质。个人关系被当做是不健康的因素由于个人关系也许使客观性变得混乱和复杂。在南美和大部分亚洲地区，业务是个人的。只有伙伴关系是他们所知道的能使他们互相信任并感觉舒适的因素。因此开展业务之前投资建立关系是必要的。Information at Negotiations: Western business culture places emphasis on clearly presented and rationally argued business proposals using statistics and facts. Other business cultures rely on similar information but with differences. For example, visual and oral communicators such as the South Americans may prefer information presented through speech or using maps, graphs and charts.谈判信息：西方公司文化把使用数据和事实清楚的呈现和理性的讨论商业计划放在重要的位置。其余公司文化依靠相似但有差异的信息。举例，视觉和口头沟通南美公司更喜欢用演讲或者地图，图形和图表来呈现信息。Negotiation Styles: the way in which we approach negotiation differs across cultures. For example, in the Middle East rather than approaching topics sequentially negotiators may discuss issues simultaneously. South Americans can become quite vocal and animated. The Japanese will negotiate in teams and decisions will be based upon consensual agreement. In Asia, decisions are usually made by the most senior figure or head of a family. In China, negotiators are highly trained in the art of gaining concessions. In Germany, decisions can take a long time due to the need to analyse information and statistics in great depth. In the UK, pressure tactics and imposing deadlines are ways of closing deals whilst in Greece this would backfire.谈判风格：我们着手谈判的方式由于文化的差异而有所不同。例如,在中东，人们谈判时也许同时讨论多个问题，而不是依次讨论不同的主题。南美人在谈判时则是表现得绘声绘色。日本人会进行团队商议，并且会基于双方批准的情况下做出决定。在亚洲，通常是由最资深人士或一家之主对事情进行决策的。在中国，谈判代表在如何获得让步的艺术方面培训得很好。在德国，由于需要信息分析和深度的数据记录，所以需要花费很长时间才做出决定。在英国，可以施用压力策略和实行期限的方式达成协议，而在希腊这样只会适得其反。Clearly there are many factors that need to be considered when approaching cross cultural negotiation. Through cross cultural negotiation training, business personnel are given the appropriate knowledge that can help them prepare their presentations and sales pitches effectively. By tailoring your behaviour and the way you approach the negotiation you will succeed in maximising your potential.很显然地当接触到跨文化谈判时需要考虑一些因素，通过跨文化谈判的训练，给予业务人员能帮助他们准备业务陈述和有效推销的适当知识。（帮助他们提高自己再谈判中的表现，提高自己的销售业绩）。通过调整你的行为和接近谈判的方式，你一定会成功的最大限度地发挥你的潜力。 约翰的摄影作品John S. NiederhauserJohn S. Niederhauser, internationally renowned scientist and University of Arizona adjunct professor of plant pathology since 1985, died August 12 at age 88. He was a pioneer in international cooperation for the improvement of agricultural productivity worldwide. Known throughout the world as “Mr. Potato” for developing potato varieties resistant to late blight disease, his work has impacted agricultural production in more than 60 countries. 约翰尼德豪泽，国际知名科学家和自1985植物病理学亚利桑那大学客座专家，八月十二日88岁去世的。他是在为全球农业生产力的改善国际合作的先锋。世界闻名的“土豆先生”发展马铃薯品种抗晚疫病，他的工作已经影响了农业生产在60多个国家。“In 1990, in recognition of his significant contributions to improving the world food supply and alleviating hunger and malnutrition, John was awarded the prestigious World Food Prize, the equivalent of the Nobel Prize in agriculture,” said Eugene Sander, vice provost and dean of The University of Arizona College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. The UA was a major sponsor of Niederhausers nomination for this honor. “在1990，他在改善世界粮食供应的重大奉献的辨认和减轻饥饿和营养不良，约翰荣获世界粮食奖，诺贝尔奖的农业相称，”尤金说专家，副教务长兼亚利桑那大学生命科学学院。UA是摄影作品被提名为这个荣誉的重要赞助商。In 1946, Niederhauser joined the newly formed Rockefeller Foundation Mexican Agricultural Program. He spent 15 years working in Mexico on corn, wheat and bean production. During this time, he began to study potato production in Mexico. His work over the next several decades focused on the improvement of potato production in many developing countries. 1946，新成立的洛克菲勒基金会的摄影作品加入了墨西哥农业计划。他在墨西哥工作了2023的玉米，小麦和大豆生产。在此期间，他开始研究墨西哥马铃薯生产。他的工作在未来几年集中在许多发展中国家的马铃薯生产的改善。Due to the success of this work, the International Potato Center, now supported by CGIAR, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, was established in Lima, Peru in 1971. In 1978, John established the Regional Cooperative Potato Program (PRECODEPA) in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. This cooperative program has grown to include 12 countries. Similar programs have been established throughout the world. 由于这项工作的成功，国际马铃薯中心，由CGIAR支持，国际农业研究征询集团，成立于利马，秘鲁1971。1978，建立区域合作计划约翰马铃薯（precodepa）在墨西哥，美国中部，和加勒比。该合作项目已发展到涉及12个国家。类似的计划已在全世界确立。One of Niederhausers most important scientific contributions was the development of potato varieties with resistance to late blight disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Phytopthora infestans. This pathogen was responsible for many potato disease outbreaks around the world, including the Irish potato famine during the 1840s. 一个niederhauser的重要科学奉献什么，开发马铃薯品种对晚疫病的抗性干枯，由真菌病原体引起的phytopthora马铃薯晚疫病菌。本病原是负责许多疾病大流行的马铃薯在世界各地，涉及在1840s爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒。During his research, Niederhauser discovered that the source of the pathogen responsible for the Irish potato famine came from Mexico. More importantly, he discovered many wild inedible potato species in Mexico that possessed a durable field resistance to the late blight fungus. He began breeding work using these resistant lines which resulted in a collection of commercially useful resistant potato varieties. These new varieties allowed subsistence farmers around the world to be able to grow potatoes for the first time with few or no chemical fungicide applications. 在他的摄影作品的研究，发现负责爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒的菌源来自墨西哥。更重要的是，他发现了许多野生的不能食用的马铃薯品种在墨西哥拥有一个对晚疫病菌的抗性持久的场。他开始使用这些抗线集合中的商业上有用的抗马铃薯品种选育工作。这些新品种，让世界各地的自耕农可以种植马铃薯具有很少或没有化学杀菌剂的应用程序第一次。Niederhausers work resulted in the establishment of the potato as the fourth major food crop worldwide. As a result of this work, potato production in Mexico increased from 134,000 metric tons in 1948 to greater than 1 million metric tons by 1982. 尼德豪泽的工作导致的马铃薯确立为第四大粮食作物。作为这项工作的结果，墨西哥马铃薯产量从134000吨到1000000吨1948大于1982。In addition to his efforts with potato late blight, one of Niederhausers greatest contributions was also the large number of scientists and leaders he trained during his career. More than 180 international scientists came and worked with him in his Mexican field plots. He spent considerable time with students as well. 除了他与马铃薯晚疫病的努力，一个摄影作品的最大奉献也是科学家和领导者，他在他的职业生涯中大量的训练。180多个国际科学家就曾与他在墨西哥地块。他花费了大量的时间与学生和。“Over the past 10 years John always gave the annual capstone lecture for graduate students in the fall introductory plant pathology course here in Tucson,” said Hans Vanetten, professor in the Division of Plant Pathology. “It was a chance for these students in agricultural science to interact with someone who had really made a difference in agriculture in the world.” Niederhausers last lecture at the UA was in 2023. “I will always be grateful for having Dr. John Niederhauser as an advisor in my studies at the University of Arizona, “ said Ramon Jaime-Garca, who was the last