中考英语备考：专题：时间状语从句和条件状语从句学案.doc

中考专题：时间状语从句和条件状语从句学案
Lead-in:
Q1:什么是状语？
通过一个简单例句的拓展，看看状语是什么
1.She bought a present.
主 + 谓 + 宾 （无状语）
2. She bought a present hurriedly at the train station when the train was coming.
方式状语 地点状语 时间状语
3. She would buy a present at the train station if she had enough time.
地点状语 条件状语
4. She bought a present at the train station with a lot of luggage in her arms.
地点状语 伴随状语
5.She bought a present hurriedly at the train station because the train was coming.
方式状语 地点状语 原因状语
A:状语是说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式和伴随状况等的一种句子成分。

Q2:什么是状语从句？
根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句，比较状语从句，地点状语从句

状
语
从
句
时间状语从句]
常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导[Z,X,X,K]
条件状语从句
通常由if, unless引导
原因状语从句
通常由because, since, as引导
结果状语从句
由so…that, such…that引导
目的状语从句
通常由 so that, in order that引导
让步状语从句
通常由although, though等连词引导
比较状语从句
通常由as…as, 比较级 + than…等连词引导
地点状语从句
常常由where, wherever来引导

本节课主要学习时间状从和条件状从。

一、时间状语从句（时间状语从句是由when, as, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as 等从属连词引导的状语从句。）
1.when用法
观察：①When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
②When we arrived at the scene and see blood everywhere., we called an ambulance.
小结：表示“当(在)……时候”时，when相当于at that time或during that time，既指时间点，也可指一段时间，引导的从句可用瞬间动词，也可用延续性动词(相当于while) ；与主句所表达的动作有先后，也可同时进行。
翻译：我正要出去时电话响了。
My grandparents wrote letters to keep in touch with others　　    they were young.
A.when　　 B. since　　 C. after　　 D. before
The manager of the hotel was waiting at the gate 　　     the guests arrived.
A.while　　 B. when　　 C. unless　　 D. after

2.while用法
while 从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态，它的意思是：当while 事件正在发生的时候，另一件事如何如何。所以，while 从句一般用的是进行时，而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求，根据具体情况而定。
例：1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
2. While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。
Mr. Black walked around and offered help　　    we were doing an experiment.
A. while 　　 B. although 　     C .until 　　 D. unless

【注意】while 也可用作并列连词, 译为“然而，可是”，表示一种强烈的转折对比关系。
例：We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, in fact, there were 40.
I’d like to study law at university my cousin prefers geography.

3.as用法
1）as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生，另一件事也正在进行当中。as 从句一般可以翻译成“边……边……”。as 从句用的一般不用进行时，而用一般过去时。
例如：The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。
2） as 表达的事件，往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时，as 只是一个次要的时间说明，不像while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此，as 常常翻译成“随着……”之意。
例：1. As the time went on，the weather got worse. 随着时间的推移，气候更加糟糕。
2. As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer.

when, while, as 的互换
　　如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生，并且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as 可以互换使用。
1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in. [dance 为延续性动词]
2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter. [make为延续

比较while, when, as
1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
例：Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。 例：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3）从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when 或while。
例： As the day went on, the weather got worse.　
(9)改错When the days go on , the weather is getting colder and colder.

考点： 观察：① While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.
② He often makes mistakes when speaking English.
小结：当when, while引导的时间状语从句，从句和主句的主语 ，或者从句主语是 且从句中含有 ，可以省略从句中的 和 。
(15) She always sings while （do）her work.
(16) 翻译：当她在工厂工作时，他教了许多朋友。（用省略句）

4.until和till 的用法
1）这两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。
否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。
　　肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
　　　　　　Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
　　否定句：She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6点才到。
　　　　　　Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。

2）区别：1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Till 在口语中用得比较多。
　　例如：Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.

3.句型It is not until… that…. （强调句）
　例：It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
4.Not until…在句首，主句用倒装。
　Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
They walked till /until it was dark. (主句动词是持续动词)
Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back. (主句动词是瞬间动词)
Exercise:
1.翻译：李华的朋友一直等着他直到他来。
他的母亲直到汤姆回来才上床睡觉。
2.改错：Till next week we’ve put off the party.

3.同义句转换:
I didn’t leave until she came back.
not until she came back I .（倒装句）
she came back leave.　（强调句）　
He served as Ming Pao’s editor-in-chief until he in 1989.
12.Jin Yong also founded Hong Kong’s major Chinese-language newspaper MingPao in 1959,and served as its editor-in-chief until retiring in 1989.

5.before和after用法
1．Before是主句动作发生在从句的前面。注意主句和从句之间的时间关系，当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。
Please don’t go to bed before you finish your homework.
The robber had run away before the police arrived.
观察两个句型：
①It was half a year before I came back.半年后我才回来。
②It won’t be long before we meet again.过不了多长时间我们就会再见面了。
小结：It will be/ was +一段时间+before…一般现在时 / 一般过去时 可译为：
It will not be/ was not +一段时间+before…一般现在时/ 一般过去时 可译为：
练习： It will be a long time we see each other again.
It was a long time before I (find) a series of suitable methods.
2．After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。
例如： He arrived after the game started.
Bob, dinner is ready. Please wash your hands　　    you eat.
A.until　　 B. after　　 C. while　 　D. before
6.The students are supposed to be quiet before the papers ____________ (hand) out.

6.Since用法
由since，ever since引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始的时间，译为“自…以来”。
主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时；常用句型为： It has been…since从句；It is +一段时间+since从句。
【例】He has taught us Maths since he came here.
Where have you been since I saw you last？
It is/has been ten years since I worked in the hospital.
注意：对 since 引导的时间状语提问要用how long
练习：
13.It’s thousands of years since the Great Wall ________ (build). How amazing!

As is reported, it is 100 years Qinghua University was founded.
I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad..
改错：It is a long time before I saw you last.

7.as soon as 用法
表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后，意为“一…就…”。如果主句是一般将来时，情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。
【例】My brother went out as soon as I got home.
I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua．

8.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句
【例】Each time she came to Hainan, she would call on me.
You grow younger every time I see you.
Whenever you go, I will follow you!
—Andy, when can we start to discuss the case given to you last week?
—I'll be ready to discuss it with you 　　     you have time.
A.whatever　　 B. whenever　　 C. however　 　D. wherever

时间状语从句中较难掌握的几点：
①在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中,
1）如果主句动词是延续性动词，要用肯定句，
【例】 I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.
2）如果主句动词是非延续性动词，则要用否定句，
【例】He didn't go to bed until his mother came back

②由since， for， by， before 来引导的时间状语从句。
1） since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，
【例】I have studied English since 1990.
2）而由 by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，
【例】I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.
3）而before 则多用于完成时， ago 则多用于一般过去时，
【例】He had finished his work before twelve yesterday.
I left my hometown two years ago.
③　在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。通常主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，
【例】If it rains, they won’t go to the park on Sunday.
考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句.
如： I want to know if he will come here tomorrow
I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow

二、条件状语从句(连词：if, unless)
1.由if引导的从句，翻译为 “如果...”,在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.
He won’t be late unless he is ill.
注意：if引导条件状语从句和宾语从句的区别
1. if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时表示将来
2. if引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，如果主句是一般现在时，从句可用各种对应的时态; 如果主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态
If it doesn't rain, I will go to the cinema tomorrow.
I don't know if he will come tomorrow.

2.由unless引导的从句，意为“如果不；除非..”，unless和if…not同义，通常二者可以换用。 由于本身已含有否意义，因此不要在unless后用否定句式。
We will go there tomorrow unless it rains.= We will go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.
Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.

3.“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。
【例】Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
Work hard , or you won’t catch the other students.
=Unless you work hard, you won’t catch the other students.

例题：1.We wonder if he to our party tonight.If he ,we will be very happy.
A.will come,will come B.comes,will come C.will come,comes D.comes,comes
2.You will never achieve success 　　     you devote yourself to your work.
A.after　　 B. if　　 C. because　 　D. unless
3.He will pass the driving test if he __________(not be) so careless.
4. If you ( give)another chance tomorrow, can you do it better, Lucy?
5.The situation will be worse if people don't act to protect the environment.
=The situation will be worse _________ people act to protect the environment.

课堂练习：
1.—I can hardly believe my eyes. Is that you, Lucy?
—Yes. It has been almost 20 years ________we saw last time.
A. until B. unless C. since D. but
2.-- will the Suqian Spoken English test start? -- April 27.
A.How long;Not until B.How soon;Until C.How soon;Not until D.How long;Until
3. —I wonder how much you charge for your services.
—The first two are free _____ the third costs $30.
A.while B.until C.when D.before
4 .—Hobo,can I eat the hamburger?
—Sure,if the dishes__________ .
A.wash B.are washed C.is washed D.will be washed
5.—____ you know when an idiom is being used, you can’t easily understand what you read. — I think so.
A. Unless B. As soon as C. If D. When
6.I’ll go to play football with my friends after my homework (do)
7.Don’t get off the bus until it (stop).
8.–When will he go to watch the basketball match in the sports centre?
--Not until his work (finish)
9.---Do you have any problems if you (choose) to be the host?
---Well, I am thinking about how to introduce each star.

二、英语书面表达专项训练
2． 诚信是中华民族的传统美德，也是社会主义核心价值观内容之一。而你的朋友Daming最近却被诚信危机所困扰。上周末，他本来和Lingling相约一起去电影院看电影，但是他却因为在家复习考试，把这件事忘了，直到第二天才想起来。因此，Lingling很生气，并且不愿接受Daming的道歉。
请你就此事给校报投稿，以“The Importance of Promise”为题，内容要点如下：
1、简述事件；2、谈谈自己的看法，并给Daming一些建议。
注意：
1、词数80—100；
2、行文连贯，逻辑合理；
3、文中不能出现真实的校名和人名；
4、文章的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

The Importance of Promise
Dear editor,
People always emphasize（强调） the importance of the promise, and they hate people who break their promise.

Promise is very important. Everyone should keep it.
Yours,
Tony
【答案】The Importance of Promise
Dear editor,
People always emphasize（强调）the importance of the promise, and they hate people who break their promise.
Recently, a thing happened to my friend, and I think it was really his fault. Last weekend, my friend Daming had a date with his friend Lingling to watch a movie. But he totally forgot it that day because of his review for his exam. So Lingling got too angry to forgive him. In my opinion, it was really his fault. Forgetting the date not only led to Lingling’s anger, but also made her lose trust in him. Keeping promises is always the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. What Daming should do now is to ask for forgiveness and promise that he will never do that again.
Promise is very important. Everyone should keep it.
Yours,
Tony
【解析】
【分析】
本文为一篇稿件，需要学生通过大明和玲玲之间，大明没有信守承诺的事情，谈自己的看法。信守承诺是中华民族的传统美德，在写作过程中，注意文章结构，先写出大明和玲玲之间的事情，然后再说自己对此的看法。
【详解】
首先，第一句话直接点明作者的观点，大明是犯错了的。然后仔细阐述了事情发生的经过。接下来说出自己对此事件的看法，不信守承诺会导致失去别人的信任，对大明的建议是除了认错之外，还需要再次保证永不再犯。
【点睛】
文章结构清晰，符合逻辑，先表明自己观点，然后阐述事情，提出自己的观点和建议。整篇文章在谋篇布局上，比较严密。除此之外，中间也使用了一些连接词，例如but，so，because of等，使文章更加通顺。

3．写作
“百善孝为先”,孝敬父母是中华民族的传统美德。
某英语报社正在举办以“弘扬中华传统文化”为主题的征文活动,请你以“We should honor our parents”为题,写一篇短文参加征文活动。内容包括:
What do you often do for your parents?
Why should we honor our parents?
How should we honor our parents?
要求： 1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；
2）必须包括表格中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥；
3）词数：100词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；
4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。
We should honor our parents
As we know, honoring our parents is an excellent tradition of China.____________________________
【答案】We should honor our parents
As we know, honoring our parents is an excellent tradition of China.I honor my parents.I often help my parents do housework in my spare time.I think it's our duty to honor our parents.Our parents take much effort to raise us, so it's important for us to honor them.They love us so we should love and respect them.
First of all, we should try our best to study hard to make them proud of us.Then, we can help our parents with some housework because they are tired after working.Next, we should respect them and never talk to them rudely.We'd better communicate with them patiently if we have different opinions.It's also important to tell our parents we love them.
【解析】
【分析】
本题要求考生以“我们应该尊敬我们的父母”为题结合所给的内容要点，写一篇作文
【详解】
这是篇材料作文，主要内容要点已给，所以考生要围绕着要点，进行写作，不要遗漏，当然顺序可以适当调整。这篇作文又句型亮点，例如：As we know，…众所周知；.I think it's our duty to do sth等等，其次文章结构也比较清晰，例如第二段的衔接词，First of all，Then，Next，使用的简单而恰当。

4． 朋友是我们生活的组成部分，他们总是在我们最需要帮助的时候陪伴我们。你最好的朋友是谁？你是怎么看待你们的友谊的？请以“My Best Friend ”为题，根据以下提示写一篇英语短文。
1. 简要介绍你最好的朋友的外貌和性格;
2. 介绍和你朋友之间发生的一件令人难忘的事；
3. 你是怎样看待你们之间的友谊的
要求：
1. 语句连贯通顺，文章衔接紧密
2. 词数80-100
3. 文中不得出现真实校名及姓名
Friends are very important in our life. They always help us when we are in need.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】My best friend
Friends are very important in our life. They always help us when we are in need. Everyone needs friends to talk with and get confidence from.
My best friend is Jenny. She is a quiet girl. She is always friendly and helpful. She is a tall girl with long hair. She does well in all the subjects and gets on well with others at school.
I was weak in maths. One day, I failed in maths exam. I was so sad that I couldn’t help crying. Jenny encouraged me a lot. From then on, she helped me with my maths, With her help, I got an A in the next maths exam. I was really thankful