高中英语名词性从句详解.doc

名词性从句【名词性从句】相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。l 宾语从句在复合句中作主句及物动词的宾语，也可作介词或某些形容词的宾语1.连接词从属连词that whether if不担任成分只起连接作用关系代词who whom whose what which既担任成分，又起连接作用。主语，宾语或表语等关系副词when where why how既担任成分，又起连接作用常担任状语u I think (that) you will like the pictures.u He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.u I dont know why Jane was late for school this morning. u The teacher is pleased with what she said.u Im afraid that I cant go to the party.2.注意事项由that 引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略)。但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。u He told me (that) he was ill and that he would not come to the party.陈述语序u I want to know what he has told you.u She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应。当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。否定转移若主语谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等, 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义, 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上, 从句谓语用肯定式。u I dont think this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。形式宾语it常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语. it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾, 特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 u We often hears it that travel boarden the mind.u I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.u I consider it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.u We think it possible that the young master at least two foreign languages.某些动词后面，宾语从句的谓语要求用虚拟。这类动词常见的有：command（命令）, demand（要求）, desire（希望）, insist（坚持）, order（命令）, propose（提议）, recommend（推荐）, request（要求）, require（要求）, suggest（建议）等。He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan . 他提议拟定一个执行计划的期限l 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在动词之后, 一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。 可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。 引导表语从句的that常可省略。 另外, 常用的还有the reason why is that 和It is because 等结构1). The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2). This is why we cant get the support of the people.3). But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4). The reason he is late for school is that he missed the bus.注意事项： 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。 that在表语从句中不可以省掉。 小试牛刀：在以下从句中填入合适的连接词，并指出是何种从句1. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree.2. The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _ they insist on going on motor-bike. 3. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. 4. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.5. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to. 6. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. 7. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. 8. I read about it in some book or other, does is matter _ it was? 9. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. 10. The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. l 主语从句-从句在整个句子中充当主语的成分主语从句一般有三种结构：1. 主语从句+谓语That she will win the match is certain.2.主语从句+形容词（名词词组、过去分词）+that从句 It is important that we teens should learn English. It is a good news that he will attend the meeting on behalf of our school. It is said that our school will hold a sports meeting3. It +seem (happen，appear等不及物动词)+that从句It seems that Katy is not coming to this party.l 同位语从句-在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些名词的后面，说明这些名词的含义。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：fact, news, promise, reason, idea, hope, word, belief等。如：We heard the news that our team had won. 注意事项：定从与同位语从句的区别，不要混淆哦！一、 先行词 1定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，plan， fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question， thought，belief，conclusion等少数名词。例如： The boy who is playing football is my classmate Those who work hard will succeed The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody The fact that you are talking about is important 在句中，划线部分是定语从句，其先行词是名词 boy，它不能用作同位语从句的先行词。 在句中，划线部分也是定语从句，其先行词是代词those，代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。 在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，其先行词是名词fact，它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词，句便是一例。 由以上分析可见，同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词，但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。 2when，where，why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。例如： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing I have no idea when she will be back 在句中，划线部分是when引导的定语从句，其先行词day是表示时间的名词；在句中，划线部分是when引导的同位语从句，其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词二、引导词定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that，when，where，why。下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。 1引导词that 引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充当一定成分，并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词，它只起连接作用。例如： The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting We heard the news that our team had won 在句中，划线部分是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，在意义上指代先行词news。在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，that没有任何意义，只起连接作用。 2引导词when，where，why 引导定语从句时，它们叫做关系副词，在从句中充当状语，可以转换成介词关系代词的形式；引导同位语从句时，它们叫做连接副词，在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成介词关系代词的形式。例如： I will never forget the day when I joined the army We have no idea when she was born 在句中，划线部分是定语从句，when在从句中作状语，它可以转换成on which的形式；在句 中，划线部分是同位语从句， when在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成介词关系代词的形式。 This is the house where I lived two years ago He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held 在句中，划线部分是定语从句，where在从句中作状语，它可以转换成in which的形式；在句中，划线部分是同位语从句， where在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成介词关系代词的形式。 This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent 在句中，划线部分是定语从句，why在从句中作状语，它可以转换成for which的形式；在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，why在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成介词关系代词的形式。PS:同位语从句可以不紧跟在它解释说明的名词后面，而被其他的词隔开。E.g. The thought came to him that maybe she had already left the city.测试性评价：填入适当的连接词，并判定是定语从句还是名词性从句。1. The fact _ he used to be a thief is known to all.2. We were surprised by the fact _ she told us.3. The next thing _ must be done is to make a plan.4. Word came _ our army had won the battle.5. The president has given an order _ everyone in the country should prepare for a war _ might last for several years.6. Weve just heard a warning on the radio _ a hurricane is likely to come.7. There is no doubt _ he has told a lie.8. You have no idea _ anxious I was.9. The coat is in the place _ you left it.10. Then arose the question about _ we were to get the machines needed.！名词性从句5大考点归纳：考点1：区别that , what与whichWhat he said makes me happy.That a new teacher will come is true .that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分, 且在宾语从句中有时可省。 what 既起连接作用, 又在从句中作 主语宾语,表语 (且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）小试牛刀：1._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.2. China is no longer _ it used to be.3. There were even some grandparents who came to see _ it was all about.4. It is widely accepted _ the earth goes around the sun.5. The problem is _ we cant finish the work in time.6. We express the hope _ they will come to visit China again.7. . A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.8. At last the soldiers reached _ the locals called the Three Gorges.考点2. 区别if 与whether v 1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.v 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.v 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.v 5. It depends on _ we will have enough money.v 6. _ they can do it matters little to us.v 7. _ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you.自我小结：只能使用whether的情况1._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.2. The argument _ well have a sports meet remains to be settled.3. It all depends on _ they will support us.4. He doesnt know _ to stay or not.5. We didnt know _ or not she was ready.考点3. what,whatever,who,whoeverwhoever、whatever_等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而who、whatever_等引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义。v 1._ was said here must be kept secret.v 2._ we need is more time.v 3._ has taken away my bag is unknown.v 4._ breaks the law will be punished. No matter who destroys the forest will be punished. (误)Whoever destroys the forest will be punished . （ 正 ）考点 ：it作形式主语,形式宾语用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说 小试牛刀：Can you understand them? It is reported/ thought/said that It is clear/necessary/certainthat It is a pity/a shame/an honor that It doesnt matter whether It seems that It happens thatit 作形式宾语I hate it when people laugh at the disabled .练习：1. 改错：Ive got to make clear that he told a lie.2. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one3. 他发现很难使别人理解他. He found_. 考点5 语序问题:从句一定用陈述语序高考链接：1. The photographs will show you _ A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 2. You can hardly imagine_when he heard the news .A. how he was excitedB. how was he excitedC. how excited he wasD. he was how excited3. Id like to know _ to her. A. what do you think has happened B. do you think what has happened C. what you think has happened D. you think what has happened练习名词性从句一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1. China is no longer what it used to be.2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.二、用适当的连词填空：1. I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy.2. Thats _ he refused my invitation.3. I am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.4. _ we need is more time.5. The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6. _ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell me _ you are waiting for.8. Is that _ you are looking for?9. Would you please tell me _ the nearest post office is?10. I dont know _ he will agree to the plan or not.三、60题专练突破：1. Do you see _ I mean?A. that B./C. howD. what2. Tell me_ is on your mind.A. thatB. whatC. which D. why3. We must stick to _ we have agreed on.A. whatB. thatC. /D. how4. Let me see _.A. that can I repair the radioB. whether -I can repair the radioC. I can repair the radioD. whether can I repair the radio5. Keep in mind _.A. that the teacher saidB. what did the teacher sayC. that did the teacher sayD. what the teacher said6. Could you advise me _?A. which book should I read firstB. what book should I read firstC. that book 1 should read firstD. which book I should read first7. He was criticized for _.A. he had done it B. what he had done C. what had he done D. that he had done it8. Would you kindly tell me _?A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway StationB. how I can get to the Beijing Railway StationC. where can I get to the Beijing Railway StationD. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _.A. what had she seen in ChinaB. that she had seen in ChinaC. what she had seen in ChinaD. which had she seen in China10. We took it for granted _A. that they were not comingB. that were they not comingC. they were coming notD. were they not coining11. I really dont know _A. I should do next B. what should I do nextC. what I should do nextD. how I should do next12. Im afraid _.A. the little girl will have to be operated onB. that will the little girl have to operate onC. the little girl will have to operate onD. that will the little girl have to be operated on13. She walked up to _ .A. where did I stand B. where I stood C. I stood there D. where I stood there14. Can you tell me _?A. who is that gentlemanB. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman isD. whom .is that gentleman15. Well give you _.A. that do you needB. what do you needC. whatever you needD. whether do you need16. They want us to know _ to help us.A. what can they B. what they canC. how they can D. how can they17. We must put _ into practice.A. what we have learnedB. that we have learnedC. that have we learnedD. what have we learned18. Did she say anything about _?A. that the work was to be doneB. how was the work to be doneC. that was the work to be doneD. how the work was to be done19. He was never satisfied with _.A. what she had achievedB. had what she achievedC. she had achievedD. that she achieved20. These photographs will show you _.A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like21. Peter insisted _ he pay the bill.A. on thatB. whatC. thatD. on which22. They urged _ the library open during the vacation. A. whenB. whereC. whyD. that23. We wish we could have learned _ when we were at high school.A. what you did B. that you had doneC. that what you did D. what did you do24.1 will describe to you _ I saw when there.A. whatB. thatC. which D./25. From _ I should say he is a good worker.A. what 1 know of himB. that I do know