企业预算管理系统-大学毕业设计.doc

大连交通大学信息工程学院2012届本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译

大连交通大学信息工程学院
毕业设计(论文)任务书

题 目 企业预算管理系统

任务及要求：　
1.设计（研究）内容和要求　
任务：
1、 调查企业预算执行管理系统方面当前技术的发展近况，完成实习报告，字数不少于3000，第三周交给指导老师。
2、 结合自己实习情况安排进度，填写进度计划表，第二周完成后交给指导老师签字，并严格执行。
3、 按照软件工程思想，独立完成系统的设计和程序开发，完成代码估计2000行左右。
4、 用JAVA技术实现企业预算执行管理系统功能。
5、 程序简洁，算法可行，运行情况良好。

要求：
1、 每周和指导老师至少见面沟通一次，回报课题进展情况，接受老师询问。
2、 接到任务书后，查阅与题目及专业相关的外文资料进行翻译，要求不少于10000个外文字符，译出汉字不得少于3000，于第四周交给指导老师审阅。
3、 毕业设计第13周完成毕业论文的装订，并由指导老师评阅。论文要求12000字以上，包括综述、系统总体设计、系统实现、性能分析、结论等。
4、 教学第13周通过中软及教研室组织进行软件验收，验收时要提供软件使用说明书。
5、 于第13周提出毕业答辩申请并签字。
6、 第14 周答辩，要求制作PPT

2.原始依据
通过大学几年的学习，已经学习了诸如软件工程、数据库原理及应用、数据结构、C++、Visual Basic、JAVA等多门程序设计语言和网络等基础知识和专业知识，学生有能力而且可以独立完成小中型项目的设计与开发。学校现有设备和环境可以提供给学生实习和上机，而且具有专业老师可以指导学生。

3.参考文献
[1] 陈火旺.徐建波.周新莲.Web设计原理与编程技术[M].中南大学出版社.2005.
[2] 武延军,黄飞跃.精通JSP编程技术[M].人民邮电出版社.2001.
[3] 徐国智.SQL Server 2000数据库系统开发实例精粹.电子工业出版社.2006
[4] 飞思科技产品研发中心.JSP应用开发详解[M].电子工业出版. 2002
[5] 柏亚军.JSP编程基础及应用实例集锦[M].人民邮电出版社.2001.
[6] (美）Michael J.Young.前导工作室译.XML学习指南[M].机械工业出版社. 2001.
[7] 李江,张威.实例解析XML/XSL/Java网络编程[M] 北京希望电子出版社 2002
[8] 李振华.季小武.Drwamweaver基础教程.清华大学出版社.2005.
[9] 聂小燕.DrwamweaverMX2004动态网站建设全攻略.兵器工业出版社.北京科海电子出版社.2005.
[10]塞奎春.JSP信息系统开发实例精选.机械工业出版社.2006.
[11]（美）Damon Hougland.Aaron Tavistock .马朝晖译. JSP 核心技术.机械工业出版社. 2001.
[12] 潇湘工作室 刘涛 徐冉.DrwamweaverUltraDev网页设计与网站开发.人民邮电出版社.2000.
[13] 许增伟.张强.JSP快速高效开发利器——DrwamweaverUltraDev.清华大学出版社.2002
[14] 刘韬.SQL Server 2000数据库系统开发实例导航.人民邮电出版社.2004
[15] 熊锡仪.动态网页设计.清华大学出版社.2004

指导教师签字：
教研室主任签字：
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 年 月 日
大连交通大学信息工程学院
毕业设计(论文)进度计划与考核表
学生姓名
刘传盛
专业班级
计算机科学与技术08-2班
指导教师
王影
魏琦
本课题其他人员
无
题　目
企业预算管理系统
日　期
计划完成内容
完成情况
指导老师检查签字
第1周
确定课题，查找相关资料，加强自身相关知识和技术，接受任务书。

第2周
根据课题进行调研,完成调研报告,安排毕业设计进度,填写毕业设计进度表。

第3周
查阅相关资料,进行外文文献翻译。

第4周
对企业预算管理系统进行分析并写出相应的开发工具。

第5周
对企业预算管理系统进行概要设计，整理出相应文档并开始做数据库的设计。

第6周
对企业预算管理系统进行详细设计，画出流程图。

第7周
对企业预算管理系统进行详细设计，以及数据库的分析设计，进行系统的详细说明。

第8周
对企业预算管理系统进行编码设计,运用JSP整理要做的模块。

第9周
对企业预算管理系统进行数据库设计，并写出完整的代码。

第10周
对企业预算管理系统进行数据库设计并进行测试。

第11周
系统测试，借助一定工具软件对界面进行美化。写论文

第12周
系统基本实现，对所有资料进行整理，完成写论文。

第13周
对论文作总体查看、修改。

第14周
参加答辩。

指导教师签字：　　　　　　　　　　　 年 月 日

注：“计划完成内容”由学生本人认真填写，其它由指导教师考核时填写。

大连交通大学信息工程学院
毕业设计(论文)外文翻译

学生姓名 刘传盛 专业班级 计算机08-2班
指导教师 王影　魏琦 职 称 高工　讲师
所在单位 　信息科学系计算机教研室
教研室主任 　 宋丽芳

完成日期 2012 年 4 月 13 日
Database and Data Warehouses

What is a Database?
What is a database? A database is a collection of related data items. It is generally stored on secondary storage devices that allow rapid direct access to individual data items. Redundancy is minimized; where possible, only a single copy if a data item exists. The database may be used by many different application systems at once, eliminating the need for separate systems to maintain the data for each application .When a user program inquires if a particular item is in the database, a database management system (DBMS) does the actual searching. The user does not need to be familiar with the format in which the data is stored or the actual physical location of the data.
The DBMS cerates the database, keeps it up-to-date, and provides reday access to authorized user. Database management systems also provide extensive security measures to prevent unauthorized access. They make it convenient for expressing relationship between related data items and facilitate the design of user application systems. They provide backup and recovery capabilities to prevent against loss or destruction of vital information. They ensure database integrity, that is, what is supposed to be in the database is there and what is not supposed to be .isn’t. a person called the database administrator determines who may access the database, modify it, add new relationships ,and the like. This is a very important lifeline. The real question in database management systems is how to organize information to provide rapid answers to the kinds of questions users are likely to ask. The same data organized differently can yield drama-tidally different access speeds. There common ways are used to structure a database to indicate the relationships among the data items; these are the relational database, the hierarchical data-base, and the network database.
Hierarchical Network, and Relational Databases (three principal logical database models)
The Hierarchical Model
In a hierarchical database, data records are arranged in a strict parent child relationship. Each parent record may have many children, but each child record has exactly one parent. Figure 3-1 shows a simple hierarchical database, indicating the relationship between a customer and the orders it has placed with a company. Searching a hierarchical database is rapid and convenient as long as it is searched from the top down. IBM’s IMS (Information Management System) is the most widely used hierarchical DBMS. Hierarchical DBMS are best suited for problems that require a limited number of structure answers that can be specified in advance. Once data relationships have been specified, they cannot easily be changed without a major programming effort. Thus, the hierarchical model cannot respond flexibly to changing requests for information.
The Network Model
The network database model is best at representing many-to-many relationship among data. In other words, a ”child” can have more than one “parent”, as Figure3-2 illustrates. Computer Associates ’IDMS is a network DBMS for computer mainframes.
Network DBMS are more flexible than hierarchical DBMS, but access paths must still be specified in advance. There are practical limitations to the number of links, or relationships ,that can be established among records. If they are too numerous, the software will not work efficiently. Neither network no hierarchical database management models can easily create new relationships among data elements or new patterns of access without major programming efforts.
The Relational Model
In the early 1970s the relational database approach was developed to provide a much more user-friendly organization. Instead of using complex structures of pointers the relational database stores information simply as tables called relations. These tables are sometimes called flat because the rows of the table really are very much the same as the records of a file.
Each row in a relation is called a record. Each column corresponds to a particular field within the record (fields are also called domains).The fields are headed by attributes, which describe the entries in the column. A relational database consists of one or more relations. A relational DBMS performs three primary operations on relations to form new relations:
l Two relations may be joined (combined).
l A relational may be projected (some of the columns are extracted form the relations and used to form the columns of the new relation).
l Records may be selected according to various user specified criteria’s(Structured Query Language) is the most important query language based on the relational model. For instance, a relation named Accounts, record bank accounts, their balance, and type might look like:
Accounts
Account　Ｎｏ
Balance
Type
173921
1700.00
Checking
251101
888.00
Savings
…
…
…
Heading the columns are the three attributes: Account No, Balance, and Type. Below the attributes are the rows, or records. The first row says that account number 173921 has a balance of one thousand and seven hundreds dollars, and it is checking account .Suppose we wanted to know the balance of account 173921.We could ask this Query in SQL as follows:
SELECT balance FORM Accounts WHERE accountNo=173921
IBM’s DB2 and Oracle from the Oracle Corporation are examples of mainframe relational database management systems. Microsoft Access is a PC relational database management system. (Oracle also has a PC version).
Client-Server Architecture
Many varieties of modern software use a client-server architecture, in which requests by one process (the client) are sent to another process (the server) for execution. Database systems are no exception. In the simplest client/server architecture, the entire DBMS is a server, except for the query interfaces than interact with user and send queries or other commands across to the server. For example, relational systems generally use the SQL language for representing requests from the client to the server. The database server then sends the answer, in the form of a table or relation, back to the client. The relationship between client and server can get more complex especially when answers are extremely large. There is also a trend to put more work in the client, since the server will be a Bottleneck if there are many simultaneous database users.
New Forms of Database and Data Warehouses
Object-Oriented Database
Object-oriented databases store data as objects that can be automatically retrieved and shared. Included in the object are the processing instructions to complete each database transaction. These objects can contain various types of data, including sound, graphics, and video as well as traditional data and processing procedures. The objects can be shared and reused. These features of
Object-oriented databases promises to facilitate software development through reuse and the ability to build new multimedia application that combine multiple types of data. Benefit of Odom’s is their ability to support application for the World Wide Web, as described in the focus on Technology.
Object-oriented database are still a relatively new technology and can be much slower than relational systems for handing large quantities of data where there is a high volume of transaction processing. Hybrid object-relational data bases have been developed that combine the capability of handing large numbers of transactions found in relational Dams with the capability of handing complex relationships and new types of data found in Odom’s.
Hypermedia Database
Hypermedia database manage data differently from object oriented DBMS. but they can also contain diverse types of data. They store data as “chunks”of information, with each chunk in a separate node. Each node can contain traditional numeric or character data or whole
documents ,software programs, graphics, and even full motion video. Each node is totally independent-the nodes are not related by a predetermined organization scheme as they are in traditional database. Insured, user establishes their own links between nodes. The relationship among nodes is less structured than in a traditional DBMS. Searching for information does not have to follow a predetermined organization scheme. Users can branch directly form one node to another in any relationship they establish. For instance, a hypermedia database on automobiles might link basic product information with descriptive sales brochures, a video showing the automobile in action, and the location of authorized dealers.
Data Warehouses
Many companies have allowed their data to be stored in many separate systems that are unable to provide a console dated view of information usable company-wide. One way to address this problem is to build a data warehouse .A data warehouse is a database that consolidates data extracted from various production and operational systems into one large organization’s core transaction processing systems are reorganized and combined with other information, including historical data so that they can be used for management decision making and analysis. In most cases, the data in the data warehouse can be used for reporting-they can not be updated-so that the performance of the company’s underlying operational system is not affected. The focus on problem solving describes some of the benefits companies have obtained by using data warehouses.
Browser/Server
B/S (Browser/Server) the structure is the browser and the server structure. It is along with Internet technology starting, to C/S structure one kind of change or improvement structure. Under this kind of structure, the user work contact surface is realizes through the WWW browser, extremely little partial business logic (Browser) realizes in front end, but main business logic (Server) realizes in the server end, forms the so-called three 3-tier structure. This greatly simplified the client side computer load, reduced the system maintenance and the promotion cost and the work load, reduced user's overall cost (TCO). Looked by the present technology that the local area network establishes the B/S structure the network application, and through the Internet/Intranet pattern under the database application, the relatively easy assurance, the cost is also low. It is the disposable arriving development, can realize the different personnel, from the different place, by the different turning on way (for instance LAN, WAN, Internet/Intranet and so on) visits and the operation common database; It can protect the data platform and the management access authority effectively, the server database is also very safe. At present in my courtyard the net (Intranet), outside the net (Internet) with Beijing East Qinghua University Corporation “the case, the administration of office software” is the B/S structure management software, the police officer can realize the work service in local area network various workstations through the WWW browser. Specially after the JAVA such cross platform language appears, the B/S construction management software is convenient, is quick, is highly effective.
Data dictionary
The data dictionary (Data dictionary) is the record database which and the application procedure Yuan data table of contents one kind of user may visit. The initiative data dictionary is refers to when makes the revision to the database or the application program structure, its content may the data dictionary which renews automatically by DBMS. The passive data dictionary is refers to when the revision must renew its content manually the data dictionary.
The data dictionary is a reservation space, a database, this is uses for the store information database itself. The data dictionary possibly contains information, for example: The database design material, the storage SQL procedure, the user jurisdiction, the user statistics, in the database process's information database growth statistics, the database performance statistics, the data character canonical is in the system each kind of data description set, carries on the main achievement
which the detailed data collection and the data analysis obtain.
The data dictionary usually includes the data item, the construction of data, the data stream, t