浅谈当代土木建筑施工的问题与对策中英文对照.doc

你一定要坚强，即使受过伤，流过泪，也能咬牙走下去。因为，人生，就是你一个人的人生。=-浅谈当代土木建筑施工的问题与对策摘要:本文从土木工程建筑施工过程中的常见问题出发,对施工现场安全、项目管理、合同管理和施工质量等方面问题进行了详细的论述,并给出了相应的处理施工问题的对策和方法。关键词:土木建筑;施工问题;对策 一、土木施工生产过程中的现场安全问题 施工现场安全管理主要包括场地设施、行为的安全管理和安全技术管理两个方面,主要对施工中人的行为、物、环境状态依据经验来管理和控制。其中场地设施、行为安全管理带有一定的普遍性,主要是对现场设备、工人的一般安全进行管理。 安全技术管理是为了保证工程项目的施工安全。针对目前施工现场的安全状况,首先应该从硬件上着手。主要有以下几个方面:1、施工设备、工具及器具安全装置的设计与制造。一是要大力发展与改进施工机械,保证施工机械的各项安全性能;二是专用施工工具、器具均应带有安全保险装置,并且使用方便。例如混凝土强制式搅拌机应当设计为全封闭式,动力开关与开盖系统形成联锁,开盖时不能搅拌,搅拌时不得开盖等等。2、脚手架的安全。脚手架的杆件必须按照施工技术规范的规定来使用,尽量使用标准化、正规化的产品。除了考虑经济因素以外,应更多地从安全的角度考虑,在材质和外形上有所突破。3、个人防护用品的安全设计。能否制造一种既安全又移动方便的安全带,或是绳子与安全带结合使用,既安全又有一定的工作空间,使用方便。4、施工现场最基本的安全管理设施。工地作业区、高空作业应采取围挡、安全网全封闭;所有进入工地的人员必须戴安全帽;定期对施工现场进行清理,从根本上保证施工安全。 二、土木工程施工项目管理中存在的问题及对策 由于土木工程施工项目全过程所涉及的环节多、部门多、程序复杂,所以找出在这个过程中存在的问题对加强管理是非常重要。合同违约现象严重,在施工过程中,施工方为了临时需要随意修改合同条款,严重影响工程建设的市场秩序;缺少合同的规范管理,合同管理人员法律意识淡薄,增加了企业的法律风险。监理应贯穿于土木工程施工建设的始终,并且根据其发现的问题提出可行性的建议,从而保证工程顺利进行,针对以上问题,施工者在建筑施工管理中可采取以下对策:1、 提高土木工程施工质量,保障人民生命财产安全。首先,强化施工企业管理者的质量意识。思想指导行动,只有建立起质量意识,才能从根本上提高工程的质量。其次,把好原材料质量关。从源头抓起,采购的钢材、木材、砂及其他重要原材料要符合相关的行业标准。再次,严控施工检验程序。在施工过程中,质检员要严格按照施工程序,逐个逐项检查,有质量标准依据的要根据标准核对,能够实际测量的要实际测量。2、 完善建设合同管理体制,规范建设工程市场秩序。首先,增强施工企业管理者的法律意识。在签订合同的过程中,承发包双方应建立在平等的基础上,本着互惠互利的原则制定合同条款,使工程质量的最终保证。其次,建立健全合同管理制度,严格按照合同的签订、审查、授权、公证、监督的程序来执行,进而提高合同的管理水平。再次,提高合同管理人员的素质。3、 完善建筑工程监理制度,充分发挥监理的积极作用。首先,提高工程监理人员的素质。借鉴发达国家提高工程监理人员素质上的先进经验,对监理工程师的认定。其次,扩大监理人员的监理范围。将监理法范围扩大到工程项目设计、生产设备招标、工程进度和质量控制等重要环节。再次,规范监理市场。严格执行国家制定的费用标准,提高工程监理的积极性,促进监理市场的良性发展。 三、施工过程中造成的环境公害问题及对策 随着人民生活条件的改善,人们对生活环境的要求也在逐步提高,土木工程项目施工对城市所造成的环境公害也逐渐暴露出来。正如其他的工业生产一样,土木工程施工也给城市带来了日益严重的环境问题,诸如粉尘、有害气体、噪声、强光、固体和液体废弃物、杂乱的施工现场、高空坠落物、地震以及其他偶然事故等,都不同程度地对城市居民在生理上和心理上造成了伤害。从我国现行的有关环境保护的法律法规来看,均对城市中的土木工程施工的公害问题有不同程度的涉及。应对或减少城市土木工程施工造成的环境公害,主要有以下五类对策:1、 采用先进的施工技术。这类对策能够有效地减少粉尘、有害气体、噪声、地震、废弃物、高空坠物和其他类型的施工公害,其作用是十分全面的。2、 加强施工管理。这类对策能够有效地减少粉尘、噪声、废弃物、高空坠物和其他类型的公害。3、 采用预制装配施工方案。这类对策能够有效地减少粉尘、噪声、废弃物、部分高空坠物和其他类型的公害。4、 采用先进的施工机械设备。这类对策能够有效地减少有害气体、噪声、地震和其他类型的公害。5、 采用优质的工程材料。这类对策能够有效地减少施工隐患,保证施工的安全、有效的进行。 建筑业是国民经济的支柱产业,土木工程的施工涉及到国计民生,所以,完善土木工程施工项目的管理是推动我国建筑业进一步发展的一项庞大复杂的系统工程。因此,土木工程施工企业要加强自身的思想道德建设,以强大的社会责任感建设优质的建筑物;政府的监管部门也要加强法律法规建设,维护建筑业的市场秩序,促进建筑业的良性竞争和发展。 参考文献: 1彭慧军.谈土木工程施工项目的管理J.科技创新导报,2008(4).2王宏伟,刑燕君.浅谈土木工程施工的分析J.工程建设与管理,2008. 3周心培.浅析土木工程施工过程中的管理问题J.建筑技术与应用,2009(6). 4胡寅.土木工程的施工管理问题分析J.现代商贸,2007(4).Contemporary civil building construction on the problems and countermeasuresAbstract: this article from the civil engineering construction in construction process of the common problem of, the construction site safety, project management, contract management and construction quality problems are discussed in detail, and gives the corresponding solutions to the problems of the construction and method.Key words: civil building construction; The construction problems; countermeasuresA, civil construction in the process of the safety problems On-site safety management mainly includes the venues and the behavior of the safety management and security technology management two aspects, mainly to the construction of human behavior, content, environmental state on the basis of experience to management and control. Among them the ground equipment, safety management behavior with some universal, is mainly to the site equipment, the general security workers to carry on the management.Security technology management is to ensure the safety of construction of the project. Aiming at the construction site of the security situation, first should start from hardware. Mainly in the following aspects:1, construction equipment, tools and instruments of safety device design and production. One is to develop and improve the construction machinery, ensure the safety performance of construction machinery; 2 it is special construction tools, instruments shall with safety insurance device, and easy to use. For example concrete forced mixer should design for the fully closed, the power switch and the cap system formation interlocking, when the cover not stirring, stirring, shall not be opened when cover and so on.2, the safety of the scaffold. A scaffold pole a must, in accordance with the provisions of the construction technology standard to use, use as far as possible standardization, the product. In addition to consider economic factors beyond, should be more from a security point of view, in material and make a breakthrough on appearance.3, of personal protective equipment safety design. Can make a kind of both safe and convenient to move your seat belt, or rope combined with seat belt, both safe and there are certain work space, easy to use.4, construction site the most basic safety management facilities. Site section, the work high above the WeiDang should be adopted, the safety net closed; All the access to the site personnel must wear safety helmet; Regular cleaning up the construction site, fundamentally ensure construction safety.Second, civil engineering construction project management of the problems and countermeasures Due to the civil engineering construction project whole process involves the links, departments, program is complicated, so find out in this the problems in the process of management is very important to strengthen. Breach of contract is serious, in construction process, the construction of the temporary need to revise the terms of the contract, the serious influence of the engineering construction market order; Lack of contract management, contract management personnel legal consciousness, increased the enterprise legal risk. Supervision should be throughout the construction of civil engineering construction always, and found the question put forward according to the feasible Suggestions, so as to ensure smooth project, according to the problems, unless the building construction management in can take the following measures:1,Improve the quality of civil engineering construction, safeguard the peoples lives and property security. First of all, strengthen construction enterprise managers quality consciousness. Thoughts guiding action, only build quality consciousness, radically improve the quality of the construction. Next, place the good quality of raw materials. From sources, purchasing of steel, wood, sand and other important raw materials to comply with relevant standards for the industry. Again, tight control of construction inspection procedures. In the construction process, the qc inspectors to strictly according to the construction procedures, check one item by item, quality is the basis of the standard according to the standard check, can practical measurement to the actual measurement.2,Perfect the construction contract management system, standardization of construction engineering market order. First of all, strengthen construction enterprise managers of legal ideology. In the process of signing the contract project, both parties shall establish on the basis of equality, in line with the principle of mutual benefit set the terms of the contract, the engineering quality final guarantee. Second, establish and perfect the contract management system, strictly in accordance with the contract signing, review, authorized, notary and supervision program to execute, and improve the management level of the contract. Again, improve the management personnels quality.3,Perfecting the system of project construction supervision, give full play to the positive role of supervision. First of all, improve the quality of personnel engineering supervision. In the developed countries for reference improve engineering supervision personnel quality on the advanced experience of the cognizance of the supervision engineer. Second, expanding the scope of supervisory staff supervision. The supervision method expanded to project design, production equipment tendering, project progress and quality control, and other important segment. Once again, to regulate the market supervision. Strict execution set by the state for the expenses standard to improve the engineering supervision of enthusiasm, promote the sound development of market supervision.Three, construction process cause environmental pollution problems and countermeasuresWith the improvement of peoples living conditions, people to life environmental requirements are gradually improve, civil engineering projects of urban construction by the environmental hazards also gradually exposed. Just as other industrial production, civil engineering construction also to bring the city more and more serious environmental problems, such as dust and harmful gas, noise and strong light, solid and liquid waste, messy construction site, high altitude, earthquake and other things fall an accident, etc, the varying degree of urban residents in the physical and mental caused the damage. From Chinas current environmental protection laws and regulations to see, all in the city of civil engineering construction of public nuisance problems have different levels of involved. Deal with or reduce the urban civil engineering construction cause environmental pollution, mainly in the following five kinds of strategies:1,The use of advanced construction technology. Such measures can effectively reduce dust, harmful gas, noise, earthquake, waste, high altitude falling objects and other types of construction public hazards, and its effect is very comprehensive.2,Strengthen the construction management. Such measures can effectively reduce dust, noise, waste, high altitude falling objects and other types of pollution.3,The construction scheme prefabricate assembly. Such measures can effectively reduce dust, noise, waste, part of the high altitude falling objects and other types of pollution.4,The use of advanced construction machinery equipment. This kind of countermeasures can reduce harmful gas, noise, earthquake and other types of pollution.5,USES the high quality engineering materials. Such measures can effectively reduce the construction hidden dangers and guarantee of the construction of the safe and efficient.Construction is a pillar industry of the national economy, civil engineering construction involves to us, so, perfect the civil engineering construction of project management is to promote the further development of the construction industry a vast and complex system engineering. Therefore, civil engineering construction enterprise to strengthen their own ideological and ethical construction with the strong social responsibility construction quality buildings; Government regulators also want to reinforce laws and regulations construction, maintenance construction market order, and to promote the development of the construction industry and benign competition.References:1 PengHuiJun. Talk about civil engineering construction project management J. Science and technology innovation herald, 2008 (4).2 WangHongWei, punishment YanJun. On the analysis of the civil engineering construction J. Engineering construction and management, 2008.3 weeks which heart. According to the civil engineering construction process management J. Building techniques and applications, 2009 (6).4 HuYin. Civil engineering construction management problem analysis J. Modern trade, 2007 (4).命运如同手中的掌纹，无论多曲折，终掌握在自己手中=