山东省淄博市2019年中考英语试题（解析版）.doc

淄博市2019年初中学业水平考试
英语试题
第Ⅰ卷 选择题
完形填空
For thousands of years，people farmed the land. They grew fruits and vegetables. They hunted and fished for meat. They___1___cloth, dyes(染料) and paper from plants. They used stone and metal for weapons and tools.
People progressed to making machines powered ___2___water and steam(蒸汽), and even later, by coal, oil, and petrol. Large cities were built. Factories ___3___of machines created jobs in the cities for thousands of people. The Industrial Revolution(工业革命) changed the lives of many people because, for the first time, more people lived in cities than on ___4___.
Companies built power plants(工厂) to make___5___to run the machines，factories and cities.
People did not realize these activities were___6___the Earth. They didn't realize oil, gas, coal and minerals were being used up___7___. ___8___cities grew bigger and spread across the land. plants and animals began to disappear. Their nature homes were destroyed(破坏) as people moved into new places.
As time passed, people began to ___9___ the need to protect the Earth and its natural resources(资源). They saw that plants and animals needed protection，so they wouldn't disappear forever. People joined together to tell____10____around the world to conserve(节约) our natural resources and care for the Earth. And so. Earth Day was born. Each year，more and more people take part in Earth Day. What can you do to help?
1. A. separated B. washed C. made D. mixed
2. A. as B. for C. with D. by
3. A. full B. proud C. sick D. short
4. A. mountains B. rivers C. grasslands D. farms
5. A. metal B. water C. electricity D. oil
6. A. helping B. harming C. wasting D. losing
7. A. clearly B. hardly C. quickly D. slowly
8. A. Before B. If C. As D. Though
9. A. forget B. see C. remember D. get
10. A. them B. other C. another D. others
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. D
【解析】
【分析】
这篇短文主要讲述了是人类的活动给地球带来了危害，现在人们越来越意识到保护地球的重要性。
【1题详解】
句意：他们用植物做布、染料和纸。
A. separated分离；B. washed洗；C. made制作；D. mixed混合。根据上文For thousands of years，people farmed the land. They grew fruits and vegetables. They hunted and fished for meat.可知下文是制作布料，燃料和纸张。根据题意，
故选C。
【2题详解】
句意：人们开始制造由水和蒸汽驱动的机器，甚至后来又发展到由煤、油和汽油驱动的机器。A. as作为；B. for为了；C. with带有，具有；D. by通过。根据下文and even later, by coal, oil, and petrol. Large cities were built.可知上文是用介词by。根据题意，
故选D。
【3题详解】
句意：满是机器的工厂为数千人在城市创造了就业机会。
A. full满的；B. proud骄傲的；C. sick生病的；D. short短的。这里是充满的意思，full of…充满，根据题意，故选A。
【4题详解】
句意：住在城市的人比住在农场的人多。
A. mountains山脉；B. rivers河水；C. grasslands草原；D. farms农场。根据上文more people lived in cities可知下文是说农场。根据题意，故选D。
【5题详解】
句意：公司建造发电厂来发电，以运行机器、工厂和城市。
A. metal金属；B. water水；C. electricity电；D. oil油。根据下文to run the machines，factories and cities.可知上文是发电。根据题意， 故选C。
【6题详解】
句意：人们没有意识到这些活动正伤害地球。
A. helping帮助；B. harming有害；C. wasting浪费；D. losing失去。根据上文People did not realize these activities可知下文是在伤害地球。根据题意，故选B。
【7题详解】
句意：他们没有意识到石油、天然气、煤炭和矿产正迅速被消耗殆尽。
A. clearly清晰地；B. hardly几乎不；C. quickly快速地；D. slowly慢地。这里是说快速地用完。根据题意，
故选C。
【8题详解】
句意：随着城市规模的扩大和遍布全国。动植物开始消失。
A. Before在……之前；B. If如果；C. As当……的时候；随着；D. Though通过。根据下文plants and animals began to disappear. Their nature homes were destroyed(破坏) as people moved into new places.可知，这里是当……的时候；随着。根据题意，故选C。
【9题详解】
句意：随着时间的推移，人们开始意识到保护地球及其自然资源的必要性。
A. forget忘记；B. see看见；C. remember记住；D. get得到。根据下文protect the Earth and its natural resources(资源)可知这里是说开始看到。根据题意，故选B。
【10题详解】
句意：人们联合起来告诉世界各地的其他人们保护我们的自然资源和保护地球。
A. them他们；B. other 其他的；C. another另一个；D. others别的，其他的，代词。根据下文around the world to conserve(节约) our natural resources and care for the Earth可知，这里是说全世界的其他人们。根据题意，故选D。
【点睛】完形填空题与单项选择题不同，它给出的是一篇意思较为完整的短文。做该题型试题时，首先应跳过空格通读全文，以全文为背景，联系句子的上下文进行推理和判断，从4个选项中选出一项进行试填。考生可以从词义用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理和上下文的联系等方面去考虑。最后应再把全文通览一遍，细心检查所选答案能否使短文上下连贯，前后呼应，词句通顺，使短文意思完整。检查时还应从语法、惯用法、逻辑推理和事情发生的情节等方面进行考虑，以达到准确无误之目的。如第4小题，是名词辨析。句意：住在城市的人比住在农场的人多。A. mountains山脉；B. rivers河水；C. grasslands草原；D. farms农场。根据上文more people lived in cities可知下文是说农场。根据题意，故选D。

阅读理解
A
Like you，plants need good things like food，water，and minerals in order to grow. Usually they get these important nutrients(营养) from the rich soil(土壤) in which they're planted. But there's another way to grow plants that doesn't use soil. It's called hydrogenic gardening.
“Hydrogenic” means “working with water. ” In a hydrogenic garden，plants grow with their roots in water， not in dirt. The water is filled with special food for the plants that gardeners have carefully measured and prepared.
Hydrogenic plants grow quickly. In ordinary gardens，plants need time and energy to grow long roots that search the soil for food and water. In a hydrogenic garden，plants can use their energy to grow tall instead. And because there is no soil， there are no weeds and few insect pests(害虫). Gardeners don't need to spray(喷洒) plants with dangerous chemicals. Both the plants and the environment stay healthy.
Scientists hope that，one day，hydrogenic gardens may be able to help hungry people all over the world grow enough food-even in countries that have bad soil，or weather that is too hot，too cold，or too dry. And astronauts hope to take hydrogenic gardens with them to the spaceship they fly to Mars，so that they will always have fresh vegetables，and the fun of growing a garden without dirt.
11. What's the meaning of the underlined word “dirt” in the second paragraph?
A. soil B. water C. insect D. food
12. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Plants need water and other nutrients to grow. B. There are no weeds inhydrogenic gardens.
C. Hydrogenic plants cannot grow in too hot weather. D. Astronauts hope to take hydrogenic gardens to space.
13. What's the passage about?
A. Plant growing. B. Space farming. C. Scientific watering. D. hydrogenic gardening.
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. D
【解析】
这篇短文主要讲述了一种方法可以种植不利用土壤的植物。它被称为氢化园艺。
【11题详解】
词句猜测。根据文中In a hydrogenic garden，plants grow with their roots in water可知下文dirt的意思是“土壤”。故选A。
【12题详解】
推理判断。根据题意one day，hydrogenic gardens may be able to help hungry people all over the world grow enough food-even in countries that have bad soil，or weather that is too hot，too cold，or too dry.可知，选项C是错误，水生植物不能在太热的天气里生长，这个说法是错误的。故选C。
【13题详解】
主旨大意。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述氢化园艺。故选D。

B
Can you imagine walking in, sitting next to a stranger and asking for the latest news or putting a recent novel down next to someone's coffee and asking for their opinion before giving yours?
But more than 300 years ago, this kind of behaviour was encouraged in thousands of coffeehouses all over London. In 1712, the Starbucks site(位置) today was occupied(占据) by Button's coffeehouse Inside, poets, writers and members of the public gathered around long wooden tables drinking, thinking, writing and discussing literature into the night. On the wall, near where the Starbucks community notice board now stands, was the white marble(大理石) head of a lion with wide-open mouth. The public was invited to feed it with letters and stories. The best of the lion's digest(文摘) were published in a weekly edition of Joseph Addison's Guardian newspaper, named “the roaring of the lion”.
Today, few people know Button's. It's just one of London's forgotten coffeehouses.
London's first coffeehouse was opened by a Greek named Pasque Rosee in 1652. While a servant for a British merchant in Turkey, Rosee developed a taste for the exotic(异国情调的) Turkish drink and decided to import(进口) it to London. People from all walks of life came to his business to meet, greet, drink, think, write, and joke.
14. Where was the white marble lion head?
A. In the backyard of the Starbucks.
B. On the Button's long wooden tables.
C. In Joseph Addison's Guardian newspaper.
D. On the wall of Button's coffeehouse.
15. How often was “the roaring of the lion” published?
A. Every day B. Every week. C. Every month D. Every year
16. What kind of coffee did Pasque Rosee import to London?
A. Turkish coffee. B. Black coffee. C. White coffee D. Sweet coffee.
17. What can we infer(推断) from the passage？
A. People could hardly found a coffeehouse in 1712 in London.
B. Starbucks， Button's and Rosee's were famous coffeehouses of London in 1700s.
C. Button's was usually noisy and crowded at night 300 hundred years ago.
D. Only businessmen enjoyed the exotic coffee at Pasque Rosee's
【答案】14. D 15. B 16. A 17. C
【解析】
分析】
这篇短文主要讲述了伦敦咖啡馆所推荐的一些活动和人们的在咖啡馆中的日常生活。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中Button's coffeehouse Inside, poets, writers and members of the public gathered around long wooden tables drinking, thinking, writing and discussing literature into the night. On the wall, near where the Starbucks community notice board now stands, was the white marble(大理石) head of a lion with wide-open mouth.可知，白色大理石狮子头在巴顿咖啡馆的墙上。故选D。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中The best of the lion's digest(文摘) were published in a weekly edition of Joseph Addison's Guardian newspaper, named “the roaring of the lion”. 可知，“the roaring of the lion”每周出版一次。故选B。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中Turkish drink and decided to import(进口) it to London. People from all walks of life came to his business to meet, greet, drink, think, write, and joke.可知，土耳其咖啡。
故选A。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中But more than 300 years ago, this kind of behaviour was encouraged in thousands of coffeehouses all over London. In 1712, the Starbucks site(位置) today was occupied(占据) by Button's coffeehouse Inside, poets, writers and members of the public gathered around long wooden tables drinking, thinking, writing and discussing literature into the night可知，三百年前的晚上，巴顿家总是吵吵闹闹，人满为患。故选C。
【点睛】1、平心静气审题，切忌粗心。在解答阅读题时，千万不要慌，要静下心来，按照由易到难，由浅入深的思维方式，先从容易的入手，逐渐的打开思路。
2、仔细研读语段，整体感知文章内容。通常阅读一篇文章，第一遍需要速读，首先要重点理解文章的体裁是记叙文还是说明文。答题时切忌文章都没完整的阅读过，就匆匆忙忙地写答案。最好先把文章从头到尾通读一遍，对文章有一个整体的认识和理解。
3、巧妙借助"原话"，确定解题空间。在通读全文的基础上，将要回答的问题放到阅读的文章中来，再去浏览所要回答的试题，经过初步的思考，确定解决问题的阅读空间。
在做题中需要一些推理，如第4小题，需要文中But more than 300 years ago, this kind of behaviour was encouraged in thousands of coffeehouses all over London….及Inside, poets, writers and members of the public gathered around long wooden tables drinking, thinking, writing and discussing literature into the night来推断出来。

C
根据短文内容，从短文后面的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
I did not grow up in a family with books.___18___My process of being a reader seemed amazing. I got lost in one book that opened up my world and changed my life.
My primary school teacher always gave her pupils time to read for pleasure in school. She believed it would improve reading greatly.___19___ It was a biography(传记) of actress Greta Garbo. I picked it up and began to read from cover to cover. The words I read attracted(吸引) me and I was excited. I realized that there were other women like Greta who had made great efforts and changed their lives. I recognized(认识) myself in her.
From then on, my teacher had a hard time keeping me supplied(提供) with books. She dug up all the biographies of women that she could find.____20____
It has been a long road. I am now a physics professor in a university. ___21___Recently, someone gave me Justice Sonia Sotomayor's autobiography. Once again, I am encouraged and am imagining new possibilities for my life.
A. Most of my time is spent reading scientific literature.
B. Their stories were like road maps that allowed me to see where I could go on with my life.
C. In my home, there was neither time nor energy to read.
D. Reading plays an important role in my life.
E. One day, she put a book on my desk.
【答案】18. C 19. E
20. B 21. D
【解析】
这篇短文主要讲述了作者小时候没有时间和精力去读书，以及后来是如何爱上读书的。
【18题详解】
I did not grow up in a family with books.及下文My process of being a reader seemed amazing.可知这里是In my home, there was neither time nor energy to read. 在我家里，既没有时间也没有精力看书。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据下文It was a biography(传记) of actress Greta Garbo. I picked it up and began to read from cover to cover可知上文是One day, she put a book on my desk.一天，她把一本书放在我的桌子上。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据上文From then on, my teacher had a hard time keeping me supplied(提供) with books. She dug up all the biographies of women that she could find可知下文是Their stories were like road maps that allowed me to see where I could go on with my life. 他们的故事就像是路线图，让我知道我的生活在哪里。故选B。
【21题详解】
根据上文It has been a long road. I am now a physics professor in a university.及下文Recently, someone gave me Justice Sonia Sotomayor's autobiography. Once again, I am encouraged and am imagining new possibilities for my life. 可知这里是阅读在我的生活中起着重要的作用。故选D。

D
阅读材料，将22-26小题中五位同学遇到的烦恼与专家所给的建议A-E进行匹配。
22. One of my friends sometimes takes aside another friend to talk to her about something she doesn't want me to hear. It makes me feel sad. What should I do?
23. Some of my friends are in a fight. like them all equally(同样地), but they say I have to choose sides. Help!
24.I look up to my sisters. They're both intelligent(聪明的) feel that I'll never be as good as them.
25.I am the shortest person in my class, and my classmates call me “Tiny Mouse. ” How can I make them stop?
26. I always use the computer and can't stop I feel that I'm not getting any smarter and the computer is warping(扭曲) my brain.
A. It's wonderful that you admire them. but try not to compare yourself to them. Instead of trying to be like them， just try to be the best you possible. You will find that you will be much happier when you try to be true to yourself， rather than when you try to be like someone else.
B. The only way to break a habit is to force yourself to do something different. A world of exciting and interesting activities is just waiting for you. Write a list of things you've always wanted to do, learn, make, or try. When you feel like playing it, do something else.
C. Discuss this with her. Try not to suppose that she talks about you unless you actually hear what she says. But let her know that you are unhappy when she tells secrets around you. If you feel uncomfortable talking to her in person， you could write her a note instead.
D. We often hear from kids who are laughed at about their height. They probably don't mean to hurt your feelings. There are advantages and disadvantages to being any size. You might play along and come up with a funny reply. However, if you feel hurt, try talking to a parent or teacher.
E. Explain to your friends that you like all of them. You can play with each person or group separately. If they don't like this then you may want to focus on other friendships until these friends work things out. Another idea is to offer to help your friends solve their problems.
22. ______
23. ______
24. _______
25. _______
26. _______
【答案】22. C 23. E
24. A 25. D
26. B
【解析】
五位同学遇到的烦恼，专家所给相应的建议。
【22题详解】
根据One of my friends sometimes takes aside another friend to talk to her about something she doesn't want me to hear. It makes me feel sad. What should I do? 我的一个朋友有时会把另一个朋友带到一边，和她谈论一些她不想让我听到的事情。这让我感到难过。我该怎么办？下文中选项C的建议不错，Discuss this with her. Try not to suppose that she talks about you unless you actually hear what she says. But let her know tha