2023年小学英语音标发音归纳整理全.doc

48个国际音标表
元
音
12个单元音
长元音
[i:]
[]
[]
[u:]
[a:]

短元音
[i]
[]
[]
[u]
[]
[e]
[]

8个双元音
[ai]
[ei]
[i]
[i]
[]
[]
[u]
[au]

辅
音
10对
清辅音
[p]
[t]
[k]
[f]
[s]
[]
[ ∫ ]
[]
[tr]
[ts]
浊辅音
[b]
[d]
[g]
[v]
[z]
[]
[ ]
[]
[dr]
[dz]
3个鼻音
[m]
[n]
[]

3个似拼音
[h]
[r]
[l]

2个半元音
[w]
[j]

[i:]字母组合 ee ea e ie ——three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece
[æ]发音字母 a——bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man
[e]字母组合 ea e a——head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any
[]字母组合ir ur ear er or——girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard
[ε]字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u——teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada
[a:] 字母组合 ar a——car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm
[]发音字母 u o ou oo——up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood
[]字母组合 al or au our ar——small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter
[]发音字母 o a——hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash watch
[u:]字母组合 oo o u——food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full prude
[u]字母组合 oo ou u o——look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolf
[ei]发音字母 a ay ea ai ey——name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey
[ai]发音字母 i y——bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye
[au]字母组合 ou ow——house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town
[]发音字母 o ow oa——home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal
[i]字母组合 eer ear——beer deer ear near here fierce idea
[]字母组合ear air ere——pear bear chair air fair there where care
[u]字母组合our ower——hour tour flower shower
[t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
[d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
[k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky
[g] girl good goal goat grade long language
[m] man make moon morning move come comb
[n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
[] uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning
[l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul
[r] read red right run room write
[f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough
[v] very evening even every voice vest of
[s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf
[z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those
[] that this those these though
[∫] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention
[h] hot hop home house horse how who
[w] when what where window wind wood
[j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
[] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach
[] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk
[tr] tree country try treat track trunk
[dr] dry dream drop drive drink
[ts] students boots boats goats nuts
[dz] goods woods moods hoods

2 容易混淆的元音
[æ ] [e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i：] [ei]
real rail greet great mean main read raid
[e] [ai]
bet bite red write said side head hide

[au] [ɔ:]
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn

3辅音
1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push

2) [b] book big boot bike bread break

3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city

4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary

5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)
card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母组合ch)

6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language

7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb

8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean

9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk
sing king morning evening

10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black
world cold could goal soul

11) [r] read red right run room write

12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife （字母f）
cough laugh rough（字母gh）
physic photo phone (ph)

13) [v] very evening even every voice vest( 字母v)
of (字母f)

14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)
licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)

15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap (z)
close nose hose suppose pause those whose (se)

16) [θ] think thank three thirty tooth mouth

17) [ ð] that this those these though

18) [ ʃ ] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash (sh)
nation attention station social special sure

19) [l ] pleasure

20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who

21) [w] when what where window wind wood

22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow

23) [tʃ ] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母组合ch）
catch watch match （字母组合tch)

24) [ ʒ] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk

25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk

26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink

27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts

28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods

4容易混淆的辅音

[v] [w]
vest west vet wet vine wine very well
[s] [θ]
sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
[z] [ ð]
close cloth breeze breathe
[n] [ ŋ]
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing

5 字母，组合音节发音规律

1）a [ei] [æ] [ ə] [a:] [ɔ ]
late private grade bake grape nation station page
active hand bank fan parent family glad flag
accept about above formative machine cinema
fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want

2）e [i:] [e] [i] [ ə] 不发音
appreciate extremely secret she me he
letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident
active table late wife store lecture

3）i [ai] [i]
high price library ice cream wife size line
fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit

4）o [əu ] [u: ] [ʌ ] [ə ] [ ɔ ]
lode host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company
today tomorrow together control collect
lost hot mock office soft honest

5）u [ju] [u] [ʌ ] [ ə]
university refuse unique universe huge
put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble
support suggest

6）c [k] [s]
country camp camera courage cable
city ceiling celebrate cell cease

7）g [g] [ ʒ] [ŋ ]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
long song sing morning evening

8) l [l] 读音不同
listen learn language collect English gorilla
world cold soil tall sell cool animal

9) n [n] [ ŋ]
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young

10) r [r] [ ə ](美语发音)
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north

11）y [j] [i] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my

12）ar [a:] [ ə] [ɔ:]
farm card garden mark
dollar
warm quarrel quarter

13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [ iə]

cease season breathe feature meat please
bread breast breath meadow weather
great break
idea realize

14) ear [ə: ] [iə ]
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear

15) er [ə :] [ə ] [ iə]
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce

16） ere [ iə] [ εə]
here mere fere sere
there

17) ir [ ə :][ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire

18) oo [u:] [u] [ʌ ] [ɔ: ]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book
blood flood
door floor

19) or [ɔ] [ə :] [ ə]
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator

20) oor [ɔ: ] [uər ]
door floor
moor poor boor

21) our [auə] [ɔ:]

hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn

22) ou [au] [ ʌ ] [ ə]
house mouth mouse sound found
enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous

23) ow [ə u] [au]
window meadow know show low
now town how down cow

24) se [z] [s]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose
mouse house

25) th [θ] [ð]
thank think thought cloth
clothes that this then than

26) sion [ ʃn] [ʒn ]
propulsion tension progression passion
protrusion provision conclusion television

27) tion [ʃn ] [tʃən ](不常见)
station nation translation attention
question

1、 英语音标发音表
英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。
国际音标（英语语音）
元音
单元音
前元音
[i:]
[i]
[e]
[æ]

中元音
[ʌ]
[ə:]
[ə]

后元音
[u:]
[u]
[ɔ:]
[ɔ]
[a:]
双元音
开合双元音
[ei]
[ai]
[ɔi]
[əu]
[au]
集中双元音
[iə]
[εə]
[uə]

辅音
爆破音
清辅音
[p]
[t]
[k]

浊辅音
[b]
[d]
[g]

摩擦音
清辅音
[f]
[s]
[ʃ]
[θ]
[h]
浊辅音
[v]
[z]
[ʒ]
[ð]

破擦音
清辅音
[tʃ]
[tr]
[ts]

浊辅音
[dʒ]
[dr]
[dz]

鼻音
（浊辅音）
[m]
[n]
[ŋ]

舌则音
（浊辅音）
[l]
[r]

半元音
（浊辅音）
[w]
[j]

英语语音名词解释：
1． 音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [ ] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。
2．音节的划分 ①在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。
例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter
②在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，假如前面重读音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，假如重读音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于重读音节。
例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther
　　　短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 0-02
3．重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。
4．开音节 ①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret
②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home ex cuse
五个元音字母在开音节中发长音 [e ] [i:] [a ] [ u] [ju:]
5．闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup 五个元音字母在闭音节中发短音 [ ] [e] [ ] [ ] [ ] 0-05
6．双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。
例如： stu-dent Chi-na sec-ond au-tumn
具有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增长前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如：
a bout be fore ex cuse re pair for get-ful in ven-tor 0-06
7．多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如： el-e-phant con-grat-u la-tion
词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scien tific im pression nation

48个国际音标的发音—元音：
[i:] 嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角向两边张开，露出微笑的表情，与字母E的发音相同。
[i] 嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，嘴形扁平。
[ə:] 嘴形扁平，上下齿微开，舍身平放，舌中部稍稍抬高。
[ə] 嘴唇微微张开，舌身放平，舌中部微微抬起，口腔自然放松发声。
[ɔ:] 双唇收得小而圆，并向前突出，舌身往后缩。
[ɔ] 口腔打开，嘴张大，舌头向后缩，双唇稍收圆。
[u:] 嘴形小而圆，微微外突，舌头尽量后缩。
[u] 嘴唇张开略向前突出，嘴形稍收圆并放松些，舌头后缩。
[ɑ:] 口腔打开，嘴张大，舌身放平，舌尖不抵下齿，下巴放低，放松发音。
[ʌ] 嘴唇微微张开，伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，舌后部稍稍抬起。
[æ] 嘴张大，嘴角尽量拉向两边，成扁平形，舌尖抵下齿。
[e] 嘴形扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起。
[ei] 由[e]和[i]两个单音组成，[e]重读，[i]轻读，口形由半开到合，字母A就发这个音。
[ai] 由[a]和[i]两个单音组成，[a]重读，[i]轻读，口形由开到合，与字母I的发音相同。
[ɔi] 由[ɔ]和[i]两个单音组成，[ɔ]重读，[i]轻读，口形由圆到扁，由开到合。
[au] 由[a]和[u]两个单音组成，[a]重读，[u]轻读，口型由大到小。
[əu] 由[ə]和[u]两个单音组成，[ə]重读，[u]轻读，口形由半开到小，与字母O的发音相同。
[iə] 由[i]和[ə]两个单音组成，[i]重读，[ə]轻读，双唇始终半开。
[eə] 由[e]和[ə]两个单音组成，[e]重读，[ə]轻读，舌端抵下齿，双唇半开。
[uə] 由[u]和[ə]两个单音组成，[u]重读，[ə]轻读，双唇由收圆到半开。
48个国际音标的发音—辅音：
[p]双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带不振动。
[b]双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带需振动。
[t]舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后忽然弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔喷出，但声带不振动。
[d]舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，但声带需振动。
[k]舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然后忽然间离开，将气送出来，想咳嗽同样，但声带不震动。
[ɡ]舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然后忽然间离开，将气送出来，但声带需振动。
[s]双唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，气流从上下齿隙间送出，但声带不振动。
[z]双唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，气流从上下齿隙间送出，但声带需振动。
[ʃ]双唇收圆并稍微突出，舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，声带不振动。
[ʒ]双唇收圆并稍微突出，舌头稍微上卷，舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，但声带需振动。
[tʃ]双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住上齿龈，用力吐气，声带不振动。
[dʒ]双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住上齿龈，用力吐气，但声带需振动。
[f]上齿轻轻接触下唇，然后吹气，让气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦，但声带不振动。
[v]上齿轻轻接触下唇，然后吹气，让气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦，但声带需振动。
[θ]舌尖微微伸出，上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖，送气，但声带不振动。
[ð]上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖，送气，但声带需振动。
[ts]舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出，声带不振动。
[dz]舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出。
[tr]双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采用伐[r]的姿势，声带不振动。
[dr]双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采用伐[r]的姿势，但声带振动。
[h]嘴唇自然张开，自然呵气，声带不振动。
[r]舌尖向上卷起，舌头不要接触任何部位，双唇稍微突出，声带振动。
[l]舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌尖轻微用力弯曲，气流从舌的旁边送出。
—鼻音
[m]双唇紧闭，舌头平放，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。
[n]双唇微开，舌尖抵上齿龈，气流从鼻孔里出来，声带振动。
[ŋ]双唇张开，舌尖抵上齿龈，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。
—辅音
[w]双唇缩小并向前突出，舌后部抬起，嘴慢慢向两边滑开。
[j]嘴形成微笑状，舌尖抵住下齿，舌面贴住上颚，声带需振动。

48个英语国际音标发音规则
“英语里一共有48个音素，其中20个是元音，28个是辅音。元音又可分为单元音（12个）和双元音（8个）。先讲解12个单元音，这12个单元音又可以分为：

一、前元音[i:][i][e][æ]

所谓前元音是指发音时要使用舌前部，也就是说舌前部要向硬腭抬起，舌尖要抵住下齿，口形扁平，不要收圆。四个前元音中发[i:]的时候舌前部抬得最高，牙床近乎全合。发[i]的时候舌前部比[i:]稍低，牙床也开得稍大一些。上下齿之间的距离大约可以容纳一个小指尖。发第三个前元音[e]的时候舌前部比[i]又要第一些，牙床也开得更大一些。上下齿之间的距离大约相称于一个食指尖。发第四个前元音[æ]的时候舌前部最低，牙床开得最大。上下齿之间的距离大约相称于一个食指加中指。

二、后元音 [u:] [u] [ɔ:] [ɔ] [a:]

所谓后元音是指发音时要使用舌的后部，也就是说舌后部要向软腭抬起。发后元音时舌尖可以不抵下齿。除了后元音[ɑ:]要用中常唇外，其它四个音都要用圆唇，发音时嘴要拢圆。个别的音如[u] [u:]嘴唇还要向前突出。另一方面，要注意后元音的舌位。五个后元音中[ɑ:]的舌位最低，开口最大。[ɔ] 的舌位比[ɑ:]稍高，开口度比[ɑ:]稍小。[ɔ:]的舌位比[ɔ] 又要更高一些，开口度比[ɑ:]再小一些。[u]的舌位比 [a:]又要高一些，开口度再小一些。[u:]的舌位最高，开口最小。

三、中元音[ʌ] [ə:] [ə]

所谓中元音是指发音时要使用舌的中部，也就是说舌的中部要稍稍抬起，舌尖可以轻抵下齿，口形扁平或中常。[ə:] 的舌位最高，[ʌ]的舌位最低，[ə]的舌位介乎两者之间。

英语里尚有8个双元音。这8个双元音又可提成两类,合口双元音和集中双元音,下面分别讲解。

一、合口双元音[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [əu] [au]

所谓“合口双元音”是指两个元音中的第二个元音都是一个合口元音[i]或[u]。发双元音时要注意从第一个元音向第二个元音滑动。在滑动过程中，口形、舌位都有明显的变化。此外，还要注意双元音的下面几个特点：1、前长后短（前音长后音短）。2、前重后轻（前音发得重，后音发得轻）。3、前音清楚，后音模糊。

二、集中双元音[iə][εə] [uə]

所谓集中双元音是指两个元音中的第二个元音都是中元音[ə]。发音时要注意第一个元音向第二个元音滑动时的口形和舌位的变化。比如发[iə]时舌位由前元音[i]向中元音[ə]的滑动。口形由半合的扁唇变为稍高于半开的扁唇。发[εə]时由相称于前元音[ε]的舌位向中元音[ə]滑动，口形由半开的中常唇变为稍高于半开的扁唇。发[uə]时由后元音[u]向中元音[ə]的滑动，口形由半合的圆唇变为稍高于半开的扁唇。

英语里的28个辅音，按照不同的发音方法又可以把它们分为六类

一、爆破音

爆破音一共有六个，根据发音时声带是否振动可以分为清辅音和浊辅音两种。清辅音有三个：[p,t,k]；浊辅音也有三个：[b,d,g]。这样，六个爆破音就可以归纳为清、浊相相应的三对。第一对是：[p,b]，第二对是：[t,d]，第三对时[k,g]。

二、摩擦音

摩擦音一共有十个。其中八个音又可以分为清、浊音相相应的四对。第一对是唇齿摩擦音[f,v]。发音时下唇轻触上齿，气流通过时摩擦成音，[f]是清辅音