甘肃省兰州市2018年中考英语真题试题（含解析）.doc

甘肃省兰州市2018年中考英语试题
一、听力理解
第一节：听句子，选择与所听内容或语境相关的信息。每个句子读两遍。

A. B. C.

A. B. C.

A. B. C.
4. A. blew B. bought C. brought
5. A. wonderful B. dangerous C. fantastic
第二节：听句子，选出恰当的情景应答语。每个句子读两遍。
6. A. Thanks B. It's OK C. Never mind.
7. A. Yes, sure B. I'm sorry to hear that. C. Don't be nervous
8. A. No, I'm no B. With pleasure C. Sorry, Sir
9. A. It's Sunday B. It's June 5th C.It's5:00.
10.A. It's windy. B. It's red C It's long
第三节：听小对话及问题，选择能回答所提问题的最佳答案。每段对话读两遍。
11.A. By bus B. On foot C. By bike
12. A. She has a cold B. She has a fever C. She has a toothache
13. A. Yes, she will B No, she won't. C. Yes, she is
14. A In a shop. B. In a library C. In a school
15. A. She has curly hair. B. She has long hair. C. She has short hair.
第四节：听长对话，根据其内容选出能回答下列问题的最佳答案。对话读两遍。
16. What is Helen doing now?
A. She is playing volleyball. B She is playing soccer C. She is playing badminton
17. When was Helen on vacation?
A. Last week. B Last month. C. Last year.
18. Who did Helen go with?
A. Her family. B. Her friend. C. Her classmate.
19. What did Helen do in Central Park?
A. Drew some pictures. B Rode a bike. C Took some photos.
20. What did Rick do last week?
A. He did his homework.
B. He staved at home to read and relax.
C. He played football at school
第五节：听短文，根据你所听到的内容填写出下面短文中所缺的信息。短文读三遍。(每空限填一词)注：请将此节的答案填写在答题卡非选择题的相应位置上。
Jim Green is an announcer for the program. His program is 21 among girls and boys, and most of the teenagers like him. Some of them often make phone calls to him and thank him for his work. There are lots of 22 to him every day, too. Jim Green gets up at six o'clock every morning. He has some bread and 23 for breakfast. He leaves home at six thirty and gets to his office at seven fifteen. The program 24 at seven thirty. He plays a new record of the pop
songs and modem music for his listeners. At eight it's time for the news, Jim finishes his work at ten thirty. He goes home in his car. He reads newspapers and listens to music 25 supper. He thinks his life is very interesting.
二、单项选择
阅读下列各题，从题后选项中选择一个最佳答案。
1. Don't tell a lie. You are __________ honest boy.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：不要说谎，你是一个诚实的男孩。考查冠词。根据空格后面的单词honest，音标是[ˈɒnɪst]，可知这是一个以元音音素开头的单词，所以要用an来修饰，因此这句话的意思是：不要说谎，你是一个诚实的男孩。故答案选B。
2. Tom's iPad is much newer than___________. And it is also more expensive.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：汤姆的iPad比我的要更新一些。而且价格也比较贵。A. I 我，主格；B. me 我，宾格；C. my我的，形容词性物主代词；D. mine我的，名词性物主代词。此处比较的两个对象为汤姆的iPad与我的iPad，只能用名词性物主代词mine，相当于my iPad，故答案为D。
【点睛】人称代词分为主格和宾格，主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语。如：He is a teacher.(主格) Let me help you.(宾格)；物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，形容词性物主代词用作定语，修饰名词，如my book, his father(形容词性物主代词)。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。
3. The Nile is one of the _________ rivers in the world.
A. long B. longer C. longest D. most longest
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：尼罗河是世界上最长的河流之一。in the world是一个最高级的比较范围，one of+形容词的最高级+名词的复数形式，意思是“最……的之一”，故答案为C。
4. In summer, food will go bad quickly ________ we put it into a fridge.
A. if B. unless C. as soon as D. while
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：夏天，除非我们把食物放进冰箱里，否则食物很快就会变坏。A. if如果；B. unless除非；C. as soon as一……就；D. while正当……的时候。根据生活常识，在夏天只有放在冰箱里的食物才能保证不变质，unless除非，如果不，相当于if not，引导条件状语从句，故答案为B。
5. --______ fine weather it is! Let's go for a walk.
---Sounds like a great idea.
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——多好的天气啊！我们去散步吧。——听起来是个好主意。感叹句一般有两种结构：What +(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！名词是复数或不可数名词，不加a/an。How+形容词+主语+谓语！本句的中心词weather为不可数名词，应该用what来引导，名词前面不应该用不定冠词a/an，故答案为A。
【点睛】判断感叹句是由what还是how引导的方法：首先，断句。从句子后面向前看，找到“主语+谓语+其他”部分，把句子断开；其次，观察。观察句子前面剩余部分为名词（词组），还是形容词或副词；再次，加词。若是名词（词组），那么本句就由what（a/an）引导；若是形容词或副词，那么本句就由how 引导。
6. If the temperature is below 0oC, water will turn into __________ in the open air.
A. ice B. steam C. fog D. rain
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：如果温度低于0摄氏度，水会在户外变成冰。A. ice冰；B. steam蒸汽；C. fog雾；D. rain雨。根据物理知识，在一个大气压下,水的熔点是0℃，低于0摄氏度，水会变成冰，故答案为A。
7. Could you please tell me____________?
A. where are you from B. how can I get there
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：你能告诉我你怎么了吗？此句考查宾语从句的语序，在宾语从句中要用到陈述句的语序，只有答案C是陈述句的语序，what为宾语从句的主语，故答案为C。
【点睛】宾语从句是中考必考的语法项目，主要考查三个方面的内容：语序，连接词和时态。
1. 语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。
2. 连接词 1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。
3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。
3. 时态  含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：
1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。
2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。
3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。
C what's the matter with you D. where does he live
8. Every morning. Tim often sees some groups of middle-aged women ____________in the square.
A. dance B. to dance C. Dances D. danced
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：每天早晨。蒂姆经常看到一些中年妇女在广场上跳舞。see sb. doing sth 是指”看见某人正在做某事”，不是全过程，表正在进行；see sb. do sth 是指”看见某人做过某事”是看着事情的发生全过程。根据频率副词often判断，此处只能用see sb. do sth.，只有A答案符合题意，故答案为A。
9. Neither Tom nor I________ interested in playing WeChat.
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. be
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：汤姆和我都对玩微信不感兴趣。neither…nor…意思是“……既不，……也不”，当连接两个主语时，遵循“就近原则”，谓语动词在人称和数上和相邻近的主语一致。本题与I一致，be动词用am。故选A。
10. Only yesterday ___________find out that his purse was lost.
A. he was B. was he C. did he D. he did
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：昨天他才发现钱包丢了。find out发现，为动词词组，was后面不能跟动词原形，排除A,B；当句首状语由“only +副词”，“only +介词词组”，“only +状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。故答案为C。
11. Bob's father can't stand____________ soap operas. He enjoys sports games on TV.
A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watched
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：鲍伯的父亲不能忍受看肥皂剧。他喜欢看电视上的体育比赛。can’t stand doing sth.无法忍受做某事，结合句意可知，答案为C。
12. ----Jerry, could you tell me how to take a taxi through “Didi”?
---____________.
A. Take it easy B. You are welcome C. Thank you D. Sure, I'd love to
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：杰瑞，你能告诉我怎么通过“滴滴”乘出租车吗？——当然，我很乐意。A. Take it easy别紧张；B. You are welcome不用谢；C. Thank you谢谢你；D. Sure, I'd love to当然可以，我乐意。结合语境理解，前一个句子是表示一种有礼貌的请求，答语是答应对方的请求，故答案要选D。
13. I like the city _____the people are really kind and friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：我喜欢这个城市，那里的人们非常善良和友好。A. that先行词是人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；B. which先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；C. where先行词是地点名词，在定语从句中作状语；D. who的先行词是人，在定语从句中作主语。此句的先行词是the city，为地点名词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，引导词用where，答案为C。
【点睛】在定语从句中，关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换)，例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
14. I will call you as soon as he______ here.
A. arrive B. will arrive C. arrives D. arrived
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：他一到这里我就给你打电话。as soon as引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，也就是当主句是一般将来时态时，从句用一般现在时态，从句中的主语he是第三人称单数，动词要用三单形式，故答案为C。
【点睛】“主将从现”说的是在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的时态是一般将来时，那么从句要用一般现在时。时间状语从句主要由as soon as, when, until等来引导，条件状语从句主要由if, unless来引导。如：I will tell him about it when he comes. 他来的时候，我会告诉他这件事的。If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. 如果明天天气好，我们就去郊游。
15. ---________times have you visited Gansu Science Museum?
---Only once.
A. How often
B. How many
C. how long
D. How soon
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你去过甘肃科学博物馆多少次？——只有一次。A. How often多久一次，询问频率；B How many多少，询问数量多少，后跟可数名词复数形式；C. how long多久，多长。询问时间长短或物体的长度； D. How soon多久，多快。一般用来询问将来的时间段。Only once只有一次，表示次数，询问次数要用How many times，故答案为B。
三、完形填空
阅读下面两篇短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。
A
Last year I___16___ like my English class at all. The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time. I was ___17___to answer the teacher's questions ___18___my poor pronunciation. I just hid behind my textbook and never said ___19___.
Then one day I watched an English movie ___20___Toy Story, I fell in love with it at once. So I began to watch other English movies, ___21___, I realized I could get the meaning by___22___for just the key words. I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning. I also learned some useful sentences like "It's a piece of cake" or "It serves you right". I
didn't understand them at first. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked them ___23___ in a dictionary. Little by little, I really enjoy my English class. And my English has improved a lot.
16. A. don't B. didn't C. haven't D. hadn't
17. A. proud B. afraid C. happy D. excited
18. A. because of B. because C. since D. as
19. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
20. A. called B. call C. calling D. calls
21. A. as well B. too C. also D. neither
22. A. listen B. listened C. listening D. listens
23. A. up B. for C. at D. after
【答案】16. B 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. A
【解析】
短文主要讲述了去年作者不喜欢英语课，每一节课就像一场噩梦，后来有一天，作者看了一部英文电影叫《玩具总动员》，从此作者就喜欢上英语课了。并且得出兴趣是学习语言秘诀的结论。
【16题详解】
句意：去年我一点也不喜欢我的英语课。四个选项中的单词都可以用作助动词，A. don't一般现在时；B. didn't一般过去时；C. haven't现在完成时；D. hadn't过去完成时。根据时间状语Last year判断，句子的时态为一般过去时，因此助动词要用didn’t，答案为B。
【17题详解】
句意：由于我的发音不好我害怕回答问题。A. proud自豪的；B. afraid害怕的；C. happy高兴的；D. excited兴奋的。根据后面的句子“I just hid behind my textbook and never said ___4___.”可以判断，作者不敢回答老师提出的问题，be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事，故答案为B。
【18题详解】
句意：由于我的发音不好我害怕回答问题。A. because of因为，由于，后跟代词/名词(名词性短语)/动词的ing形式；B. because因为，后跟从句；C. since由于，后面跟从句；D. as由于，当…时候，后面跟从句。只有A答案符合题意。
【19题详解】
句意：我只是藏在课本后面，一言不发。A. anything任何东西（用于否定句、疑问句中）；B. something一些事情；C. nothing没有东西，没有事情；D. everything每件事物，一切。never是否定词，此句是否定句，故使用不定代词anything，答案为A。
【20题详解】
句意：后来有一天我看了一部叫《玩具总动员》的英文电影。现在分词与过去分词都可以用作后置定语，现在分词作后置定语，与所修饰的词之间是主动关系，过去分词作后置定语，与所修饰的词之间是被动的关系，called Toy Story作an English movie的后置定语，意为一部被叫作《玩具总动员》的英文电影。表示被动关系，故答案为A。
【21题详解】
句意：因此我也开始看其它的英文电影。A. as well“也”，放于句尾，前面没有标点符号；B. too“也”，常置于句末，前面有逗号；C. also“也”，一般用于句子中，其位置在行为动词之前，be动词，助动词，情态动词之后；D. neither两者都不。本题所设空在句末，且前面有标点符号，故答案为B。
【22题详解】
句意：我也意识到我能通过听关键词来理解意思。by是介词，后面要用名词或动名词，by doing sth.通过做某事的方式，故答案为C。
【23题详解】
句意：我在字典中查询它们。look up在（词典、参考书中）查阅；look for寻找；look at看一看；look after照顾。根据前面的内容可知，不会的单词在字典中查询，故答案为A。
B
What can lead you to success? The most important thing is what you do every day. It is very simple. Your habits will decide whether or not you are-___24___in the future. If you have strong and healthy good habits, it doesn't matter whether you fail or not today, because you are sure to succeed in the end. Having good habits does not mean that you will succeed every time. However,
if it goes long, you will ___25___all your goals and be successful. ___26___the other hand, if you have strong bad habits, you are sure to fail at last.
Why are habits so important? ___27___you repeat the same action and the same behavior every day. A single good action will not change your life, but the same action repeated 1,000 times will have an important effect on your life.
How can you ___28___good habits? There is nothing easier than developing good habits. You want to make a habit, and then you must do the action every day. If you want to develop the habit of eating ___29___food, eat healthily every day. If you want to develop the habit of reading, read every day. The more you do an action, the easier it becomes in ___30___end.
24. A. success B. succeed C. successful D. successfully
25. A. achieve B. achieved C. achieving D. achieves
26. A. In B. On C. At D. To
27. A. But B. While C. Because D. Since
28. A. find B. offer C. realize D. develop
29. A. health B. healthy C. unhealthy D. healthily
30. A. the B. an C. a D. /
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A
【解析】
这篇短文主要讲述了习惯对于我们生活的影响，告诉我们只要我们养成了好的生活，学习习惯，成功就一定会属于我们。成功的路上你可能会犯错，但是只要你不放弃，成功就会属于你。
【24题详解】
句意：你的习惯会决定你将来是否成功。A. success成功，名词；B. succeed成功，动词；C. successful成功的，形容词；D. successfully成功地，副词。系动词be后跟形容词作表语，故答案为C。
【25题详解】
句意：然而，如果时间长了，你就会实现所有的目标并取得成功。A. achieve动词原形；B. achieved过去式或过去分词；C. achieving现在分词或动名词；D. achieves动词三单形式。will后跟动词原形，故答案为A。
【26题详解】
句意：另一方面，如果你有很坏的坏习惯，你最终肯定会失败。A. In在……里； B. On 在……上；C. At（表示位置）在，在（某时间或时刻）；D. To到。on the other hand在另一方面，为固定词组，故答案为B。
【27题详解】
句意：为什么习惯如此重要？因为你每天重复同样的动作和同样的行为。A. But但是；B. While然而，与……同时；C. Because因为；D. Since既然，由于。问句“Why are habits so important?”是询问原因，答语要用because来回答，答案为C。
【28题详解】
句意：你怎样养成良好的习惯？A. find发现；B. offer提供；C. realize意识到；D. develop发展，形成。根据后面的句子“There is nothing easier than developing good habits.”没有什么比养成良好习惯更容易的了。养成习惯要用动词develop，故答案为D。
【29题详解】
句意：如果你想养成吃健康食品的习惯，每天都要健康饮食。A. health健康，名词；B. healthy健康的，形容词；C. unhealthy不健康的，形容词；D. healthily健康地，副词。形容词修饰名词，根据后面的句子“eat healthily every day”判断，每天要吃健康的食物，故答案为B。
【30题详解】
句意：你做的越多，最终就越容易成功。in the end=at last=finally最后，为固定词组，故答案为A。
四、阅读理解
阅读下面三段材料，根据材料内容和要求，从题后所给的四个选项中选择一个能回答所提问
题的最佳答案。
A
After-school Activities
Are you interested in ball games?
Teacher: Mr. Brown
Place: On the playground
Time: Monday, 16;00-18:00
Age: Over 10 years old

Would you like to be a dancer?
Teacher: Miss, Miller
Place: In the gym
Time: Friday, 19:00-21:00
Age: Over 5 years old

Are you good at painting?
Teacher: Mr. Green
Place: In the art room
Time: Sunday, 8:00-10:00
Age: Over 4 years old, under 14

Do you enjoy playing chess?
Teacher: Mrs. Smith
Place: In the library
Time: Saturday, 15:30-18:00
Age: Over 6 years old, under 10

31. If Alice wants to learn to dance, she has to be over ___ years old.
A. four B. five C. six D. ten
32. Cindy is interested in drawing pictures, so she can go to the ______ on Sundays.
A. library B. art room C. gym D. playground
33. David is 11 years old and he likes playing tennis. Who can teacher him?
A. Mr. Green B. Miss. Miller C. Mrs. Smith D. Mr. Brown
34. Which of the following activities is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Dancing B. Painting C. Singing D. Ball games
35. How long does it take Bill to play chess on Saturdays?
A. Two and a half hours. B. One hour and a half.
C. Two hours D. One hour.
【答案】31. B 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】
表格中共列举了四项课外活动：球类运动、跳舞、绘画和下棋。具体包括指导老师，活动地点，活动时间以及参加活动的人所要满足的年龄范围。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据右上角栏目中的内容Age: Over 5 years old可知，学习跳舞所要满足的条件必须是5岁以上，故答案为B。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据左下角栏目中的内容Place: In the art room可知，绘画的地点在美术教室，故答案为B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据左上角栏目中的内容Teacher: Mr