湖南省永州市2021年中考英语试题（解析版）.doc

湖南省永州市2021年中考英语试题（解析版）
第一部分 听力技能 (共两节，计20分)
第一节 (共5分，每小题1分) 听下面五段材料，每段材料后各有1个小题，从各小题所给的A、B、C三个选顶中选出最佳答案，井标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
1. What is Grace doing now?

2. What’s the mater with the woman?

3. What does Alice do after school?

4. Where is the watch made?

5. How does Kate go to school?

第二节 (共15分，每小题1分) 听下面六段材料，每段材料后各有几个小题，从各小题所给的A、B、C三个选顶中选出最佳答案，井标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
听第一段材料，回答第6~7小题。
6. Where does the man want to go?
A. A bank. B. A hotel. C. A supermarket.
7. How far is it from here to the destination (目的地)?
A. About 4 kilometers. B. About 4 kilometers. C. About 6 kilometers.
听第二段材料，回答第8~9小题。
8. What kind of music does Jane look like?
A. Pop. B. Rock. C. Country.
9. When shall they meet?
A. At 2:00 p.m. B. At 2:30 p.m. C. At 3:00 p.m.
听第三段材料，回答第10~11小题。
10. What does the man want to buy?
A. Shirts. B. Coats. C. Skirts.
11. How much will the woman pay for the gifts?
A. 20 dollars. B. 35 dollars. C. 40 dollars.
听第四段材料，回答第12~14小题。
12. How was the weather on Saturday?
A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.
13. What did Mary do on Sunday afternoon?
A. She visited her grandparents.
B. She played with her brother.
C. She volunteered in an old people’s home.
14. What did Mike think was the most delicious?
A. Salad B. Cake. C. Popcorn.
听第五段材料，回答第15~17小题。
15. What subjects should Lucy study hard?
A. Math and science. B. Medicine and chemistry. C. Math and chemistry.
16. What does Bob want to be?
A. An inventor. B. A doctor. C. A teacher.
17. What does Bob think of medicine?
A. Different. B. Fun. C. Easy.
听第六段材料，回答第18~20小题。
18. How does reading make us feel?
A. Happy. B. Tired. C. Bored
19. Why may good readers become good writers?
A. Because they can read a book anywhere.
B. Because their schoolwork may become better.
C. Because they may have more things to write about.
20. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. Reading is a good hobby. B. Reading is Fun. C. How to read faster.
第二部分 阅读技能 (共两节，计50分)
第一节 阅读选择 (共40分，每小题2分) 阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳答案，并在件答题卡上将该编号字母涂黑。
A
China’s unbelievable high-speed rail network

At the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. Slow, crowded and often uncomfortable trains ran across this vast country, with low average speeds making journeys such as Shanghai-Beijing a test of travel.
Today, it’s a completely different picture. With 37,900 kilometers of lines, linking all of its major big cities. China has the world’s largest work of high-speed railways. Half of that total has been completed in the last five years alone, with a further 3,700 kilometers due to open in the coming months of 2021. The network is expected to double in length again, to 70,000 kilometers, by 2035.
1. How were the trains in China at the beginning of the 21st century?
A. Fast. B. Comfortable. C. Crowded.
2. How many kilometers of lines are due to open in the coming months of 2021?
A. 3,700. B. 37,900. C. 70,000.
【答案】1. C 2. A
【解析】
【分析】文章通过今昔对比介绍了中国高铁的发展。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“At the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. Slow, crowded and often uncomfortable trains ran across this vast country...”可知，21世纪初，中国的铁路是缓慢、拥挤，而且常常让人不舒服的，故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“with a further 3,700 kilometers due to open in the coming months of 2021.”可知，在2021年的未来几个月里，有3,700公里的线路将要开通，故选A。
B

3. 41.0% of kids aged ________ use the Internet.
A. 5—9 B. 10—13 C. 14—17
4. What percentage of kids gets news or information online?
A. 89%. B. 76%. C. 38%.
5. What do 43% of kids usually do on the Internet?
A. Play games. B. Buy books. C. Send or receive instant messages.
【答案】3. A 4. B 5. B
【解析】
【分析】文章是对不同年龄段的孩子上网所占比的介绍以及孩子们喜欢在网上做的事情的统计表。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据图表一中41.0%对应的是5—9岁的孩子，故选A。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据右侧表格中“Go online to get news or information...”对应的是76%，故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据右侧表格中43%对应的内容“Buy things...such as books, clothing...”可知，43%的孩子通常在网上买书，故选B。
C

Can a green machine help the world’s poorest kids learn better? Nicholas Negroponte thinks so. He and his team of scientists have invented a new type of computer. As a result, many children who live in poverty (贫穷) will have their own laptop computers!
Negroponte works at a university. He started a group called One Laptop Per Child (OLPC). The people at OLPC don’t work for money. They work to help children learn. OLPC makes computers that don’t cost a lot. Then they sell the machines to governments of countries that have many people live in poverty. The governments then give the computes to kids for free.
The XO Laptop computers are made for school-aged children in developing nations. Many of these children live in faraway areas and go to schools with classrooms. In order to work, the laptops have to be lasting and student-friendly.
The machines have many fun characters like a built-in video camera, voice recording, and games. The WiFi lets students share information on the Web and read e-books. They also can make music and chat with friends.
Another great character is that it can last for a long time. It can be hand charged and also can be recharged by connecting to a solar panel. Because of these characters the XO laptops make learning fun while helping the environment.
The computers have a colorful name—“the green machine”. Negroponte thinks they could make a difference in the lives of millions of kids. He says, “Every problem you can think of—poverty, peace, the environment—is solved with education.”
OLPC plans to give out over ten million computers in the next few years. Kids in Thailand, Nigeria, Brazil, and Argentina will get most of them. China and Egypt also want to take part in the program. After that, Negroponte hopes to sell computers to other countries with high poverty.
6. Negroponte thinks his laptop computers will help the world’s poorest kids to ________.
A. work at home B. go to school on time C. learn better
7. What can we know about the people at OLPC according to Paragraph 2?
A. They work for money.
B. They give computers to kids for free.
C. They sell computers to governments with many people living in poverty.
8. Why do XO laptops make learning fun while helping the environment?
A. Because they are lasting and student-friendly.
B. Because they are made for school-aged children.
C. Because they have a colorful name.
9. What does the underlined word “charged” mean in Chinese?
A. 携带 B. 充电 C. 使用
10. Who will get most of the computers in the next few years?
A. Kids in Thailand. B. Kids in China. C. Kids in Egypt.
【答案】6. C 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Negroponte和他的科学团队发明了一种新型电脑，这个绿色机器能帮助世界上贫穷的孩子更好地学习。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Can a green machine help the world’s poorest kids learn better? Nicholas Negroponte thinks so. He and his team of scientists have invented a new type of computer.”可知，Negroponte认为他的电脑可以帮助最穷困的孩子更好的学习。故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“ OLPC makes computers that don’t cost a lot. Then they sell the machines to governments of countries that have many people live in poverty. The governments then give the computes to kids for free.”可知，他们把这些电脑卖给那些有很多人生活在贫困中的国家的政府。然后政府将这些计算机免费提供给孩子们。故选C。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The machines have many fun characters like a built-in video camera...They also can make music and chat with friends.”和“Another great character is that it can last for a long time ”可知，因为这种机器持续时间长，而且可以供学生娱乐，所以有趣。故选A。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“...also can be recharged by connecting to a solar panel”可知，此处的“charged”指的是充电，故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据“OLPC plans to give out over ten million computers in the next few years. Kids in Thailand, Nigeria, Brazil, and Argentina will get most of them. ”可知，泰国、尼日利亚、巴西和阿根廷的孩子将获得其中大部分，故选A。
D

Dogs might have the latest tools in the fight against cancer (癌症); their noses! Researchers at California’s Pine Street Foundation (PSF) say they have trained five dogs to smell cancer on a prison’s breath. This could be exciting news.
A dog’s sense of smell may be 10,000 to 100,000 times stronger than ours. But can dogs really smell illness? PSF researcher Michael McCulloch says yes. “We were very surprised by how exact they were,” he said. “They were telling who had cancer, and they were also saying who didn’t.”
Dogs in the Pine Street Foundation test were trained to sit when they smelled cancer. How well did they perform? Take a look at this chart to find out.
Breath Sample
Number of Times the Dogs Sat down
Number of Times the Dogs Kept Standing
Breath from lung cancer patients
564
10
Breath from healthy persons
4
708
McCulloch and his team asked four healthy people and one with cancer to blow into plastic tubes (塑料管). Special materials in the tubes kept the things of each breath. The tubes were then placed one yard apart. Finally, the dogs were allowed to smell the tubes. Each dog had been trained for three weeks to sit when it smelled cancer. Ninety-nine percent of the time, the dug sat next to the tubes blown into by patients with lung cancer. The dogs were right 88 percent of the time about breast cancer.
No lab test for cancer has given more correct results than this test. The results are so amazing that many experts question the dogs’ smelling power. They wonder if there were other reasons why the dogs did so well. For example, they thought the way the dog trainers behaved could have influenced how the dogs acted. However, most experts agree that this study is important. The information could help scientists create a simple breath test for cancer in the future. Once again, humans may be getting a helping paw or nose—from their best animal friends.
11. What’s the latest tool a dog might have in the fight against cancer?
A. Tooth. B. Nose. C. Ear.
12. What happened first in the Pine Street Foundation test?
A. The dogs were trained. B. The tubes were placed one yard apart.
C. The dogs smelled the tubes.
13. What was a dog supposed to do when it smelled cancer?
A. Smell again. B. Turn around. C. Sit down.
14. Look at the chart. How many times did the dogs keep standing when they smelled the breath from healthy persons?
A. Less than 10 times. B. Almost 600 times. C. About 700 times.
15. Why do many experts question the dog’s smelling power?
A. Because no lab test for cancer has given more correct results.
B. Because the dog trainers influenced how the dogs acted.
C. Because they don’t think this study is important.
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【分析】文章介绍了狗利用它们灵敏的嗅觉识别癌症的事情，并通过实例证实，由此说明狗可能对医学问题有帮助。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Dogs might have the latest tools in the fight against cancer (癌症); their noses!”可知，狗可能拥有最新的抗癌工具是它们的鼻子，故选B。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Dogs in the Pine Street Foundation test were trained to sit when they smelled cancer. How well did they perform? Take a look at this chart to find out.”可推知，松树街基金会的狗在嗅到癌症的实验中首先是要接受训练。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Finally, the dogs were allowed to smell the tubes. Each dog had been trained for three weeks to sit when it smelled cancer.”可知，狗如果嗅到了癌症就会坐下来，故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格中的显示“Breath from healthy persons”和“Number of Times the Dogs Kept Standing”对应的数字是708，故选C。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The results are so amazing that many experts question the dogs’ smelling power...For example, they thought the way the dog trainers behaved could have influenced how the dogs acted.”可知，许多专家质疑狗的嗅觉能力。他们认为驯狗师的行为方式可能会影响狗的行为。故选B。
E

What do you do with your rubbish? Throw it out? You don’t know what you’re missing! Look closely at the two figures on your left. They were made from things most people throw away. The figures were made from used bottle caps. Those two bottle-cap figures were exhibited (展示) in a museum.
Folk art is art made by common people who have not been trained as artists. Their work is often based on traditions in their culture. Fine art, on the other hand, is usually made by people who have had training in art. Works of fine art are valued for their artistic beauty. They are supposed to be looked at but not used. Works of folk art, however, are often made for everyday use.
There were more than 800 pieces of folk art from nearly 50 countries in the exhibition. All of the pieces were made from used metal, wood, cloth, and plastic. The artists come from many different cultures. Still, they all share one thing. They take objects that are normally thrown away and change them into objects that are beautiful, useful, and fun. The artists may not think of what they do as recycling, but that’s exactly what it is. Fine artists might work with expensive materials. They might use expensive tools to shape these materials into works of art. On the other hand, in poor countries rubbish might be the only material folk artists and toy makers can afford. The exhibition shows that a rich imagination is very important when there are only poor materials. Recycled art began long before people began to think about recycling. Some of the objects in the exhibition date from the 1930s.
Even if you don’t create art out of rubbish, it’s good to save our natural resources. Remember the three Rules: reduce, reuse, recycle. If you reduce waste, true things instead of throwing them out, and recycle materials such as paper, plastic, and glass, you will protect the environment.
16. Which idea belongs in the empty box?
Conclusion (结论)
Details

Art based on cultural traditions
Art made for everyday use
Art made with used materials

A. Folk art is made by people who are not trained artists
B. The artists come from many different cultures
C. Recycled art began long before people started recycling
17. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. There was more than 800 pieces of fine art.
B. Folk artists can’t shape expensive materials into works of art.
C. Poor materials also can be made into works of art.
18. What is the same thing of the pieces in the exhibition share?
A. They are all woks of fine art. B. They are all made from used materials.
C. They are all made by the trained artists.
19. What can we do to protect our environment?
A. Throw away used materials. B. Only use expensive materials.
C. Recycle materials.
20. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Used Bottle Caps B. The Art of Recycling C. A Museum Exhibition
【答案】16. C 17. C 18. A 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【分析】文章介绍了废旧物品作品展览，比较了美术作品与民间艺术，呼吁大家从小事做起，变废为宝，保护环境。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。根据“On the other hand, in poor countries rubbish might be the only material folk artists and toy makers can afford...Some of the objects in the exhibition date from the 1930s.”可知，这里主要是介绍回收艺术情况，故选C。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。