考研英语翻译技巧绝对权威版本内部资料市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

汉译英办法与技巧第1页第1页汉语句法特性：主语由很多不同类别词语充当，主语隐含不显或无主句情况时常可见；谓语成份复杂，不受主语支配，无人称、数、时态改变。句子与句子之间多无显著逻辑关系连接。第2页第2页英语句法特性：主语突出，只能由名词或相称于名词性词语担任；谓语绝对受主语支配，人称和数上必须主谓一致，有时态、语态和语调改变；句子与句子之间多以连接词相联。第3页第3页 切记！英语是主语明显语言，英语句子构建在主谓轴上。因此选择拟定主语和谓语是成功构句关键。第4页第4页 主语拟定1.以原句主语作为译文主语我们房子是一百多年前建造。Our house was built over a hunderd years ago.第5页第5页2.重新拟定主语能够是句子中其它词语，也能够是句外词语。他身材魁梧，长着一副大长方脸。He was a gaint of a man with a long square face.人不可貌相。It is impossible to judge people from their appearance.第6页第6页3.增补主语用劳动实现自己抱负，用抱负指导自己劳动。You realize your ideals through labour and you guide your labour by ideals.第7页第7页 谓语拟定选择谓语时必须考虑英语句法规范，遵循“主谓一致”原则，确保谓语和主语在人称和数上一致，动词时态、语态正确。鉴于此，强化语法意识，增强句法观念至关主要。第8页第8页旅途中情景诸多，在此就不一一描写了。My experiences of this trip are too numerous to be described one by one.第9页第9页 语序调整一.句内语序调整1.状语位置：灵活，普通按照动词-方式-地点-时间 顺序。他每晚都在图书馆专心读书。He reads hard in the library every evening.第10页第10页2.定语位置单词作定语放在中心词前，较长定语如词组或句子则放在中心词之后。举世闻名万里长城The world famous Great Wall山东曲阜是中国古代著名思想家、教育家孔子故乡。Qufu,Shandong Provience,is the birthplace of Confucious,a well-known ancient Chinese thinker and teacher.第11页第11页 句间语序1.S+V+O，and/but S+V+O2.引导词+从句+主句 或者主句+引导词+从句第12页第12页否认句翻译英语中否认手段：1.词汇手段 no/not/never/nor/neither/hardly/rarely/seldom/scarcely/few/little/否认前缀或后缀/lack/fail/deny/miss/exclude/run short/out of/beyond/without/above/except/before/unless/other than第13页第13页2.句法手段Morethan/other than/rather than/know better than/tooto第14页第14页 办法1.直接已成否认句注意否认转移情况我认为他不够格。I dont think he is qualified.第15页第15页2.译成必定句人民军队离不开人民，就像鱼儿离不开水同样。The people is to the peoples army what water is to fish.他无可指责。He is above blame.他考试不及格。He failed to pass the exam.第16页第16页3.译成否认句直到.才直到考完试我才干去看你。Not until I finish taking the exam can I pay a visit to you.第17页第17页常见办法visit you.假如你不来，我就去看你。假如你不来，我就去看你。改译法改译法 他提醒我们要注意身体他提醒我们要注意身体 He warned us to take care of ourselves。增译法增译法 不知你是否完毕了任务。不知你是否完毕了任务。I wonder whether you have finished your task.许多商店开展许多商店开展买一赠一买一赠一活动。活动。Many departments provide service of“Buy One Get One Free”相应法相应法 If you dont come here,I will go to第18页第18页省译法省译法 你们需要是快速进步，而不是慢慢进步。你们需要是快速进步，而不是慢慢进步。You need rapid progress,not slow.调整顺序调整顺序 我能在这儿坐一会吗？我能在这儿坐一会吗？Can I sit here for a while 好提议，谁来提都无所谓。好提议，谁来提都无所谓。If the suggestion is advisable,it does not matter who gives it.无论晴天阴天，比赛按时进行。无论晴天阴天，比赛按时进行。Rain or shine,the match will go on time.第19页第19页转换语态和正反对译这座桥将在今年年终这座桥将在今年年终建成。建成。The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.我还没来得及拦住她，她就我还没来得及拦住她，她就向大家宣布了这个消息。向大家宣布了这个消息。Before I could stop her,she shouted the news to everyone.当初女孩子没当初女孩子没有受教育机会。有受教育机会。Girls were denied the chance to education at that time.第20页第20页惯用句型Notuntil.句型句型 1.She did not go to bed until her mother came back.她直到她直到她妈妈回来才上床睡觉。她妈妈回来才上床睡觉。2.Tom did not watch TV until he finished his homework.（.68）3.It was not until in my thirties that I made this important discovery:giving-away makes life so much more exciting.直直到快要不惑之年，我才如梦方醒，意识到奉献社会使我们到快要不惑之年，我才如梦方醒，意识到奉献社会使我们生活愈加灿烂。（模拟生活愈加灿烂。（模拟1.58）4.Not until the beginning of the twentieth century did the human beings learn to prevent the disease from spreading.直到二十世纪初，人类才学会防治疾病传播直到二十世纪初，人类才学会防治疾病传播。第21页第21页It is reported/said/estimated that It is reported that foreign insurance companies has entered into nineteen Chinese cities so far.=made their way据报道，迄今为止，外国保险公据报道，迄今为止，外国保险公司已打入中国司已打入中国19个都市个都市。据预计，已有据预计，已有100多万人从这个工程中受益。多万人从这个工程中受益。Its estimated that more than 1 million people had been benefited from this project.第22页第22页It is necessary/important for sb to do sth我们有必要理解一些英语国家和中国文化我们有必要理解一些英语国家和中国文化差别。差别。It is necessary for us to learn/know some differences between some English speaking countries and China.（.70）大学生学好英语很主要。大学生学好英语很主要。It is important for university students to learn English well.（.66）第23页第23页比较级你练得越刻苦，你取得进步就越大。你练得越刻苦，你取得进步就越大。The harder you practice,the greater progress you will make.（.70）他在各方面都比我好他在各方面都比我好 He is much better than I in every aspect.第24页第24页This year they have made by far greater progress in business than they did last year.他们今年业务进展比去年大得多他们今年业务进展比去年大得多The people there will pay two or three times as much as they used to pay for a house.对对于同一所房子，人们将要支付是往常支付于同一所房子，人们将要支付是往常支付钱数两三倍之多。钱数两三倍之多。第25页第25页Be likely to and not.but.The words and phrases given in this dictionary are those that are likely to be needed by every person.本词典词条所列，都是每个人极也许用得上单词本词典词条所列，都是每个人极也许用得上单词和词组。和词组。假如你想取得成功，除了努力工作以外别无选择。假如你想取得成功，除了努力工作以外别无选择。There is no other choices but hard-working if you want to be successful.第26页第26页It seems thatand in spite of.It seems strange that in the past ten years Mike and I might just as well have been in different worlds.看起来很奇怪是，在过去十年里，麦克和我可能恰好在不同世界里。（.57）In spite of differences of opinion,we share a common interest in the preservation of the world.尽管意见有分尽管意见有分歧，我们对维护世界歧，我们对维护世界和平有着共同利益。和平有着共同利益。第27页第27页Although,but and depend on尽管警察怀疑这名年尽管警察怀疑这名年轻人，但没有足够证轻人，但没有足够证据证实他就是犯罪。据证实他就是犯罪。Although this young person is under suspicion,there is no proof to show he is the criminal.(.80)使我们自己所为和所不为使我们自己所为和所不为决定着我们未来。决定着我们未来。Our future depends on what we ourselves should do or not do.(.61)我们能否出行取决于天气。我们能否出行取决于天气。Our trip is dependent on the weather.(depends on)(模拟模拟1.64)第28页第28页So.thatand sb have the/no little chance of/there is little chance of 汤姆筋疲力尽，看着汤姆筋疲力尽，看着书竟睡着了。书竟睡着了。Tom was so worn out that he fell asleep while reading a book.He has no chance of passing the examination.He never goes his lesson.他绝他绝没有及格也许，由于他从没有及格也许，由于他从来不复习功课。来不复习功课。There is little chance of our coming to business because of the big differences between our price.由于双方价格悬由于双方价格悬殊，我们恐怕很难达成协殊，我们恐怕很难达成协议。议。第29页第29页Scarcely/hardlywhenand sb wonderHe had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read.他把他把信一交给我，就叫我信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。（念给他听。（.61）我想知道他是否能看我想知道他是否能看英文小说英文小说 I wonder whether he can read English novel well.(.67)第30页第30页应试技巧书写工整不要犯低档错误，比如；首字母大写，简朴词不要错，性别正确第31页第31页试题特点结构简朴题材很广重点词汇语言利用能力第32页第32页基本办法句子顺序调整分译合译第33页第33页 端午节端午节 每年农历五月初五是中国一个民间老式节日，每年农历五月初五是中国一个民间老式节日，叫端午节。在这一天，人们要赛龙舟、吃粽子。叫端午节。在这一天，人们要赛龙舟、吃粽子。这个节日是为了纪念著名诗人屈原。这个节日是为了纪念著名诗人屈原。相传两千多年前，楚国诗人屈原因政治改革，相传两千多年前，楚国诗人屈原因政治改革，屡遭保守势力诽谤，失去楚王信任，后被放逐。屡遭保守势力诽谤，失去楚王信任，后被放逐。最后，因国家衰败，抱负无法实现，自投汨罗江最后，因国家衰败，抱负无法实现，自投汨罗江而死。而死。听说，老百姓听到屈原投江自尽，就有些人听说，老百姓听到屈原投江自尽，就有些人驱舟去打捞，但没有找到。他们紧张屈原遗体会驱舟去打捞，但没有找到。他们紧张屈原遗体会被鱼吃掉，便将煮熟米饭撒到江中。我们今天吃被鱼吃掉，便将煮熟米饭撒到江中。我们今天吃粽子、赛龙舟习俗就是因此慢慢演变而来。粽子、赛龙舟习俗就是因此慢慢演变而来。第34页第34页 The fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year is a traditional Chinese gala which is named Dragon Boat Festival,when people hold dragon boat races and eat rice dumplings.This gala has been practiced to commemorate the famous Chinese poet,Qu Yuan.It was recorded that more than two thousand years ago,Qu Yuan,a great poet in the state of Chu,was defamed by the conservatives because he was inclined to reform the government.As a result,he lost the kings trust and was driven out of the state.At last,seeing that he could not reach his goal in a declining state,he jumped into the Mi-Luo River and ended his life.It is said that people went to save him by boat on hearing of his suicide,but in vain.Therefore,they threw cooked rice into the river for fear that his body might be eaten by fishes.The dumplings we eat and the dragon boats we race today both result from the story.第35页第35页 在家里，家长能够做一些勉励孩子发挥创造在家里，家长能够做一些勉励孩子发挥创造力事情。假如碰到适当问题，家长能够就该问题力事情。假如碰到适当问题，家长能够就该问题征求孩子意见，让他们参与决议。家长还应勉励征求孩子意见，让他们参与决议。家长还应勉励孩子大声谈论他们正在做事情，大声地谈论有助孩子大声谈论他们正在做事情，大声地谈论有助于提升语言能力和思维能力。给孩子一些选择余于提升语言能力和思维能力。给孩子一些选择余地也很主要。应当允许孩子自己作决定并清楚其地也很主要。应当允许孩子自己作决定并清楚其后果，要让孩子从尽量早年龄开始这样做。做决后果，要让孩子从尽量早年龄开始这样做。做决定有助于培养思维能力，即便只是在午餐两种食定有助于培养思维能力，即便只是在午餐两种食物选择上做决定也行。伴随孩子慢慢长大，家长物选择上做决定也行。伴随孩子慢慢长大，家长应当让孩子自己做主支配时间和金钱；当他们做应当让孩子自己做主支配时间和金钱；当他们做犯错误决定期，不要不假思考予以过多帮助。这犯错误决定期，不要不假思考予以过多帮助。这种做法也许会使孩子迷惑不解，但这没相关系。种做法也许会使孩子迷惑不解，但这没相关系。由于富有创造力人有很强动力，他们能够从混乱由于富有创造力人有很强动力，他们能够从混乱中创造秩序。中创造秩序。第36页第36页 There are things that parents can do at home to encourage childrens creativity.They can involve children in decision-making if the problem is appropriate,asking children for suggestion.Parents should also encourage their children to talk out loud about things they are doing,for talking out loud improves language skills and thinking skills.It is also very important to give children choices.From the earliest age,children should be allowed to make decisions and understand their consequences.Even if its choosing between two food items for lunch,decide how to use their time or spend their money but not automatically help them too much if they make wrong decisions.This may be confusing for children,but that is all right,because the creative people are of strong motivation and capable of making order out of confusion.第37页第37页 家家 何认为家？家就是爱、支持和信任，是何认为家？家就是爱、支持和信任，是其组员之间温馨情感共存之处，父母给孩子以呵其组员之间温馨情感共存之处，父母给孩子以呵护，孩子也关注父母行为。父母和孩子因爱而紧护，孩子也关注父母行为。父母和孩子因爱而紧密相连，家成为世上最令人愉悦地方。密相连，家成为世上最令人愉悦地方。没有爱家庭，如同没有灵魂躯体，也就没有爱家庭，如同没有灵魂躯体，也就不能称其为不能称其为“家家”。作为社会一员，没有些人能。作为社会一员，没有些人能独自生存。一个人也许过着成功而富足生活。但独自生存。一个人也许过着成功而富足生活。但锦衣玉食不一定就幸福。世界历史上许多伟人都锦衣玉食不一定就幸福。世界历史上许多伟人都对家有着深深眷恋。对家有着深深眷恋。也许你家贫穷而简陋，但这正是你职责也许你家贫穷而简陋，但这正是你职责所在。你应当努力使你家更温馨舒适，面临困难所在。你应当努力使你家更温馨舒适，面临困难愈大，你收获愈多。愈大，你收获愈多。第38页第38页 What makes a home?Love,sympathy and confidence.It is a place where kindly affections exist among all the members of the family.The parents take good care of their children,and the children are interested in the activities of their parents.Thus all of them are bound together by affection,and they find their home to be the cheeriest place in the world.A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.Every civilized person is a social being.Now one should live alone.A man may lead a successful and prosperous life,but prosperity alone can by no means insure happiness.Many great personages in the world history had deep affections for their homes.Your home may be poor and humble,but your duty lies there.You should try to make it cheerful and comfortable.The greater the difficulties,the richer will be your reward.第39页第39页历年真题翻译评析 中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济与保护环境双重任务。从国情出发，中国在全面推动当代化进程中,将环境保护视为一项基本国策,将实现经济连续发展视为一项主要战略。同时在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动。自改革开放以来中，中国国民生产总值年均增长率为10左右。环境恶化情况基本得到了控制。实践证实，我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者之间关系做法是行之有效。中国作为国际社会中组员。在努力保护自己环境同时，还积极参与国际环境保护事务。增进国际环境保护合作，认真履行了国际义务。所有这些都充足表明了中国政府和人民保护全球环境诚意和决心。人类在处理环境与发展问题中仍面临着大量难题，任重而道远。中国将一如既往，与其它国家合作。为保护我们生存环境，为人类幸福和繁荣，为造福下一代而奋斗。第40页第40页 As a developing country,China is confronted with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment.Preceding from its national conditions,China has in the process of promoting its overall modernization program made environmental protection one of its basic policies regarded the realization of sustained economic development as an important strategy and meanwhile carried out throughout the country campaigns for pollution prevention and treatment as well as ecological environmental protection.第41页第41页 Over the 18 years since its adoption of reform and opening policy,Chinas gross national product has achieved a sustained average annual growth of around10 percent.While its environment has basically ceased from deteriorating,the results of our work have shown that Chinas endeavor in striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection has been effective.第42页第42页 As a member of the international community,while making great efforts to protect its own environment.China has taken an active part in international environmental protection affairs to promote international cooperation in environmental protection and earnestly fulfilled her international obligations.All these have given full expression to the sincerity and determination of the Chinese government and people to protect the global environment.第43页第43页 Mankind still faces a great many difficulties in solving the problems of the environment and development and there is a grand task to perform and a long way to go.China will do as it did in the past to cooperate with other countries of the world and strive for the protection of the environment for human survival for the happiness and prosperity of humanity and for the benefits of our children.第44页第44页 李成业是文化部翻译组主任。他认为，语言是一个李成业是文化部翻译组主任。他认为，语言是一个活东西，和我们日常生活息息相关。他说他十分幸运，活东西，和我们日常生活息息相关。他说他十分幸运，最初做法庭翻译和当前在翻译组里工作，使他能够不断最初做法庭翻译和当前在翻译组里工作，使他能够不断学习和接触两种语言。学习和接触两种语言。当他还在学校教英语时候，就曾翻译了好多英当他还在学校教英语时候，就曾翻译了好多英文杂志中文章，投给当地英语报。文杂志中文章，投给当地英语报。他说：他说：“学习语言动机和兴趣都非常主要。学习语言动机和兴趣都非常主要。”他把学习语言比方为跑步，跑步即使非常吃力，但运动他把学习语言比方为跑步，跑步即使非常吃力，但运动员知道它好处并饶有兴趣，因此还是一点都不觉得厌倦。员知道它好处并饶有兴趣，因此还是一点都不觉得厌倦。“在学习语言过程中，我们一定要创造学习语在学习语言过程中，我们一定要创造学习语言机会和环境。言机会和环境。”他认为看电影，阅读和交流等都是学他认为看电影，阅读和交流等都是学习语言好机会。习语言好机会。最后他说：最后他说：“由于现在大家时间都很有限，假由于现在大家时间都很有限，假如阅读能力短篇故事或一些名人语录，对我们学习英语如阅读能力短篇故事或一些名人语录，对我们学习英语会很有帮助，同时也能增进学习兴趣。会很有帮助，同时也能增进学习兴趣。”第45页第45页 Li Chengye is the head of the Ministry of Cultures Translation Section.He believes that language is something alive,which relates/is relevant to our daily life closely.According to him,he was lucky in the sense that he could maintain his grasp of English and Chinese with constant use of the languages in his work first as a court interpreter and now as the supervisor in the translation section.第46页第46页 Li Chengye is the head of the Ministry of Cultures Translation Section.He believes that language is something alive,which relates/is relevant to our daily life closely.According to him,he was lucky in the sense that he could maintain his grasp of English and Chinese with constant use of the languages in his work first as a court interpreter and now as the supervisor in the translation section.Even when he was a teacher of English,he kept in touch with Chinese by translating articles from English magazines into Chinese for the local press.第47页第47页 He said:“Internet and motivation are most important in learning and mastering a language.”He compares language learning to jogging.It is a laborious exercise,but what keeps the jogger running is an interest and the knowledge of the advantages and benefits of the exercise.One must always create the environment and opportunities for language learning.He suggests watching movies,reading books,and even writing to pen-pals as some of the ways to get involved in the learning.“Because of the limited time we have,reading short stories,or even lines of famous quotations of wise men,is good,and helps make language learning more interesting,”he added.第48页第48页 Good luck!Where there is a will,there is a way!第49页第49页第50页第50页