2021年湖南省永州市中考英语试题及解析.doc

2021年湖南省永州市中考英 语（试题卷）
第一部分 听力技能 (共两节，计20分)
第一节 (共5分，每小题1分) 听下面五段材料，每段材料后各有1个小题，从各小题所给的A、B、C三个选顶中选出最佳答案，井标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
1. What is Grace doing now?

2. What’s the mater with the woman?

3. What does Alice do after school?

4. Where is the watch made?

5. How does Kate go to school?

第二节 (共15分，每小题1分) 听下面六段材料，每段材料后各有几个小题，从各小题所给的A、B、C三个选顶中选出最佳答案，井标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
听第一段材料，回答第6~7小题。
6. Where does the man want to go?
A. A bank. B. A hotel. C. A supermarket.
7. How far is it from here to the destination (目的地)?
A. About 4 kilometers. B. About 4 kilometers. C. About 6 kilometers.
听第二段材料，回答第8~9小题。
8. What kind of music does Jane look like?
A. Pop. B. Rock. C. Country.
9. When shall they meet?
A. At 2:00 p.m. B. At 2:30 p.m. C. At 3:00 p.m.
听第三段材料，回答第10~11小题。
10. What does the man want to buy?
A. Shirts. B. Coats. C. Skirts.
11. How much will the woman pay for the gifts?
A. 20 dollars. B. 35 dollars. C. 40 dollars.
听第四段材料，回答第12~14小题。
12. How was the weather on Saturday?
A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.
13. What did Mary do on Sunday afternoon?
A. She visited her grandparents.
B. She played with her brother.
C. She volunteered in an old people’s home.
14. What did Mike think was the most delicious?
A. Salad B. Cake. C. Popcorn.
听第五段材料，回答第15~17小题。
15. What subjects should Lucy study hard?
A. Math and science. B. Medicine and chemistry. C. Math and chemistry.
16. What does Bob want to be?
A. An inventor. B. A doctor. C. A teacher.
17. What does Bob think of medicine?
A. Different. B. Fun. C. Easy.
听第六段材料，回答第18~20小题。
18. How does reading make us feel?
A. Happy. B. Tired. C. Bored
19. Why may good readers become good writers?
A. Because they can read a book anywhere.
B. Because their schoolwork may become better.
C. Because they may have more things to write about.
20. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. Reading is a good hobby. B. Reading is Fun. C. How to read faster.
第二部分 阅读技能 (共两节，计50分)
第一节 阅读选择 (共40分，每小题2分) 阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳答案，并在件答题卡上将该编号字母涂黑。
A
China’s unbelievable high-speed rail network

At the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. Slow, crowded and often uncomfortable trains ran across this vast country, with low average speeds making journeys such as Shanghai-Beijing a test of travel.
Today, it’s a completely different picture. With 37,900 kilometers of lines, linking all of its major big cities. China has the world’s largest work of high-speed railways. Half of that total has been completed in the last five years alone, with a further 3,700 kilometers due to open in the coming months of 2021. The network is expected to double in length again, to 70,000 kilometers, by 2035.
21. How were the trains in China at the beginning of the 21st century?
A. Fast. B. Comfortable. C. Crowded.
22. How many kilometers of lines are due to open in the coming months of 2021?
A. 3,700. B. 37,900. C. 70,000.
B

23. 41.0% of kids aged ________ use the Internet.
A. 5—9 B. 10—13 C. 14—17
24. What percentage of kids gets news or information online?
A. 89%. B. 76%. C. 38%.
25. What do 43% of kids usually do on the Internet?
A. Play games. B. Buy books. C. Send or receive instant messages.
C

Can a green machine help the world’s poorest kids learn better? Nicholas Negroponte thinks so. He and his team of scientists have invented a new type of computer. As a result, many children who live in poverty (贫穷) will have their own laptop computers!
Negroponte works at a university. He started a group called One Laptop Per Child (OLPC). The people at OLPC don’t work for money. They work to help children learn. OLPC makes computers that don’t cost a lot. Then they sell the machines to governments of countries that have many people live in poverty. The governments then give the computes to kids for free.
The XO Laptop computers are made for school-aged children in developing nations. Many of these children live in faraway areas and go to schools with classrooms. In order to work, the laptops have to be lasting and student-friendly.
The machines have many fun characters like a built-in video camera, voice recording, and games. The WiFi lets students share information on the Web and read e-books. They also can make music and chat with friends.
Another great character is that it can last for a long time. It can be hand charged and also can be recharged by connecting to a solar panel. Because of these characters the XO laptops make learning fun while helping the environment.
The computers have a colorful name—“the green machine”. Negroponte thinks they could make a difference in the lives of millions of kids. He says, “Every problem you can think of—poverty, peace, the environment—is solved with education.”
OLPC plans to give out over ten million computers in the next few years. Kids in Thailand, Nigeria, Brazil, and Argentina will get most of them. China and Egypt also want to take part in the program. After that, Negroponte hopes to sell computers to other countries with high poverty.
26. Negroponte thinks his laptop computers will help the world’s poorest kids to ________.
A. work at home B. go to school on time C. learn better
27. What can we know about the people at OLPC according to Paragraph 2?
A. They work for money.
B. They give computers to kids for free.
C. They sell computers to governments with many people living in poverty.
28. Why do XO laptops make learning fun while helping the environment?
A. Because they are lasting and student-friendly.
B. Because they are made for school-aged children.
C. Because they have a colorful name.
29. What does the underlined word “charged” mean in Chinese?
A. 携带 B. 充电 C. 使用
30. Who will get most of the computers in the next few years?
A. Kids in Thailand. B. Kids in China. C. Kids in Egypt.
D

Dogs might have the latest tools in the fight against cancer (癌症); their noses! Researchers at California’s Pine Street Foundation (PSF) say they have trained five dogs to smell cancer on a prison’s breath. This could be exciting news.
A dog’s sense of smell may be 10,000 to 100,000 times stronger than ours. But can dogs really smell illness? PSF researcher Michael McCulloch says yes. “We were very surprised by how exact they were,” he said. “They were telling who had cancer, and they were also saying who didn’t.”
Dogs in the Pine Street Foundation test were trained to sit when they smelled cancer. How well did they perform? Take a look at this chart to find out.
Breath Sample
Number of Times the Dogs Sat down
Number of Times the Dogs Kept Standing
Breath from lung cancer patients
564
10
Breath from healthy persons
4
708
McCulloch and his team asked four healthy people and one with cancer to blow into plastic tubes (塑料管). Special materials in the tubes kept the things of each breath. The tubes were then placed one yard apart. Finally, the dogs were allowed to smell the tubes. Each dog had been trained for three weeks to sit when it smelled cancer. Ninety-nine percent of the time, the dug sat next to the tubes blown into by patients with lung cancer. The dogs were right 88 percent of the time about breast cancer.
No lab test for cancer has given more correct results than this test. The results are so amazing that many experts question the dogs’ smelling power. They wonder if there were other reasons why the dogs did so well. For example, they thought the way the dog trainers behaved could have influenced how the dogs acted. However, most experts agree that this study is important. The information could help scientists create a simple breath test for cancer in the future. Once again, humans may be getting a helping paw or nose—from their best animal friends.
31. What’s the latest tool a dog might have in the fight against cancer?
A. Tooth. B. Nose. C. Ear.
32. What happened first in the Pine Street Foundation test?
A. The dogs were trained. B. The tubes were placed one yard apart.
C. The dogs smelled the tubes.
33. What was a dog supposed to do when it smelled cancer?
A. Smell again. B. Turn around. C. Sit down.
34. Look at the chart. How many times did the dogs keep standing when they smelled the breath from healthy persons?
A. Less than 10 times. B. Almost 600 times. C. About 700 times.
35. Why do many experts question the dog’s smelling power?
A. Because no lab test for cancer has given more correct results.
B. Because the dog trainers influenced how the dogs acted.
C. Because they don’t think this study is important.
E

What do you do with your rubbish? Throw it out? You don’t know what you’re missing! Look closely at the two figures on your left. They were made from things most people throw away. The figures were made from used bottle caps. Those two bottle-cap figures were exhibited (展示) in a museum.
Folk art is art made by common people who have not been trained as artists. Their work is often based on traditions in their culture. Fine art, on the other hand, is usually made by people who have had training in art. Works of fine art are valued for their artistic beauty. They are supposed to be looked at but not used. Works of folk art, however, are often made for everyday use.
There were more than 800 pieces of folk art from nearly 50 countries in the exhibition. All of the pieces were made from used metal, wood, cloth, and plastic. The artists come from many different cultures. Still, they all share one thing. They take objects that are normally thrown away and change them into objects that are beautiful, useful, and fun. The artists may not think of what they do as recycling, but that’s exactly what it is. Fine artists might work with expensive materials. They might use expensive tools to shape these materials into works of art. On the other hand, in poor countries rubbish might be the only material folk artists and toy makers can afford. The exhibition shows that a rich imagination is very important when there are only poor materials. Recycled art began long before people began to think about recycling. Some of the objects in the exhibition date from the 1930s.
Even if you don’t create art out of rubbish, it’s good to save our natural resources. Remember the three Rules: reduce, reuse, recycle. If you reduce waste, true things instead of throwing them out, and recycle materials such as paper, plastic, and glass, you will protect the environment.
36. Which idea belongs in the empty box?
Conclusion (结论)
Details

Art based on cultural traditions
Art made for everyday use
Art made with used materials
A. Folk art is made by people who are not trained artists
B. The artists come from many different cultures
C. Recycled art began long before people started recycling
37. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. There was more than 800 pieces of fine art.
B. Folk artists can’t shape expensive materials into works of art.
C. Poor materials also can be made into works of art.
38. What is the same thing of the pieces in the exhibition share?
A. They are all woks of fine art. B. They are all made from used materials.
C. They are all made by the trained artists.
39. What can we do to protect our environment?
A. Throw away used materials. B. Only use expensive materials.
C. Recycle materials.
40. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Used Bottle Caps B. The Art of Recycling C. A Museum Exhibition
第二节 阅读匹配 (共10分，每小题2分)
阅读下面的短文，从所给的A~F六个选项中，选出正确的答案填空，使短文通顺，内容完整，并在答题卡上将该编号字母涂黑，其中选项中有一项是多余的。
5 ways to train your brain for better sleep
The days are longer, full of sunshine and bright with the promise of enjoying a more relaxing spring and summer with your loved ones. But if you want to enjoy your daytime, it’s time to improve your sleep during the night-time. “Sleep problems endanger health and quality (质量) of life for up to 45% of the world’s population,” according to the World Sleep Society.
Sleep is one of the three keys to a healthier, longer life (the others are diet and exercise). ____41____. Here are the top five ways to improve your sleep and get some relax:
Create a sleep nest
____42____. Science tells us that we sleep better in cooler temperatures of about 60 to 67 degrees Fahrenheit (15℃ to 20℃).
Develop a routine
Set up a bedtime ritual by taking a warm bath or shower, reading a book or listening to soft music. You’re teaching your mind to relax. And stick to it. Go to bed and get up at the same time each day, even on weekends or your days off. ____43____.
Cut the lights
Production of the sleep hormone melatonin (荷尔蒙褪黑激素) begins at dark. Research has found that the body will slow or stop it with light on, to get away from any light, even the blue light from your charging smart phone.
Refuse the wine
Don’t turn to wine to make you calm or help you sleep. ____44____. Your body needs to experience all three steps of sleep—light sleep, dream, and deep sleep—to fully repair itself.
____45____
Heavy and spicy foods may give you heartburn or other digestive problems, thus influencing your ability to get and stay asleep.
If you try these tips and can’t seem to relax, or your sleep continues to worsen, be sure to reach out to your doctor or a mental health professional.
A. The body likes routine
B. Avoid heavy or hot foods
C. Refuse coffee later in the day
D. One of the first tasks is to set up your sleep environment
E. Wine may help you fall asleep, but it holds you in the lighter sleep
F. Many of the ways to increase the quality of your sleep are easy to follow
第三部分 知识运用 (共两节，计20分)
第一节 词语填空 (共10分，每小题1分)
阅读下面的内容，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该编号字母涂黑。
My whole life has changed because of COVID-19. It’s very upsetting because we can’t ____46____ anyone else and we can’t go to others’ homes. We have been at home, but I ____47____ the healthcare workers who have risked their lives every day to help us stay healthy and safe. Here, I describe my experience during this time.
Coming back home from my spring vacation, I got news that school is closed for two weeks.
Being a kid, I got ____48____ but I didn’t know what was waiting for us. I never thought I would be doing my classes online months later.
Right after the “stay at home” order, my mother tested positive for COVID-19 and our family was quarantined (隔离) for 14 days. It was really challenging for all of us, especially for my ____49____, who got sick. Those were the worst two weeks in my life.
Watching my mother ____50____ fever, cough,