辽宁省沈阳市2018年中考英语试题（解析版）.doc

辽宁省沈阳市2018年中考英语试题
一、单项填空
从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Small cars are useful in cities with narrow __________.
A. streets B. cinemas C. squares D. shop
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：小型汽车在街道狭窄的城市是很有用的。考查名词的词义理解。 A. street街道；B. cinema电影院；C. square广场；D. shop商店。结合句意可知所缺的词是streets。故选A。
2. There will be fewer workers in factories because most work _________ by robots in the future.
A. is done B. was done C. will be done D. will do
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：工厂将会有更少的工人，因为将来大多数工作将会由机器人来做。本题考查一般将来时的被动语态。most work和do之间是被动关系，要用被动语态；再根据in the future可知要用一般将来时的被动语态，对应的结构是 will be done，故答案为C。
3. He ______look at the stars every night, but now he does not.
A. had better B. used to C. ought to D. had to
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：他以前每天晚上都看星星，但是现在他不看了。A. had better最好做……；B. used to表示过去常常；过去经常；C. ought to应该；D. had to不得不。本题考查used to的用法。used to表示过去常常；过去经常。结合句意和选项可知B正确。
【点睛】used to 和 be used to 的区别：
used to表示过去常常；过去经常后跟动词原形，用来描述过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态;be used to表示习惯于，后跟名词、代词或动名词。如：He used to get up late, but now he is used to getting up early. 他以前经常很晚才起床，但现在他已经习惯早起了。
4. Luke's mother will be _____him if he wins the reading competition.
A. proud of B. tired of C. worried about D. strict with
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：卢克的母亲会为他赢得阅读比赛而感到自豪。本题考查形容词短语辨析。A. be proud of为……感到自豪；B. be tired of 厌倦；C. be worried about 为……担忧；D. be strict with对……严格要求。根据题干中的 “如果他赢了阅读比赛”可推断，卢克的妈妈将会为他感到骄傲，故答案为 A。
5. ---_______do you brush your teeth?
---Twice or more a day.
A. How soon B. How far C. How long D. How often
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你多久刷牙一次？——一天两次或两次以上。本题考查特殊疑问词的用法。A. How soon表示 “多久之后”，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问。B. How far 多远； C. How long多长；D. How often多久一次。根据答语 “一天两次或更多次”可推断，问句问的是“你多久刷一次牙”，how often 多久一次。 故答案为D。
【点睛】如何区分How soon/ How far/ How long/How often？
（1）How soon表示 “多久之后”，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问。How soon的回答一般是：“ in + 时间段”，如 “in two days” “in five years”。
例如： —How soon will you be ready?
—In five minutes.
（2）How far“多远”一般指的是一地到另一地的距离。
例如：— How far is it from your home to school? —Three kilometers.
（3）How long表示 “时间多久或物体多长”， 表示时间侧重指 “一段时间”。针对 “How long” 的回答一般是时间段，如 “for three days”,“for three years”。
例如： —How long were you away last year?
—For two weeks.
（4）How often “多长时间一次”对在某一特定的时间内进行的动作次数进行提问，其答语一般为“never， sometimes， usually”等频率副词。
例如：—How often do you exercise? —Every day.
6. Bob dislikes coffee, so he almost _________ drinks it.
A. often B. always C. never D. ever
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：鲍伯不喜欢咖啡，所以他几乎从不喝咖啡。本题考查副词的用法。A. often经常； B. always总是；C. never从来不；D. ever曾经。根据题干中的 “Bob不喜欢咖啡”可推断，他几乎“从不”喝咖啡，故所缺的词是never。故选C。
7. Sarah _________many places of interest in Beijing already.
A. visited B. has visited C. will visit D. visits
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：Sarah已经参观过北京许多有趣的地方了。本题考查动词时态。根据句意和already可知此处要用现在完成时。故选B。
8. My grandparents wrote letters to keep in touch with others_________ they were young.
A. when B. since C. after D. before
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：当我的爷爷奶奶年轻时，他们写信和别人保持联系。本题考查连词的用法。A. when当……的时候；B. since自从；C. after在……之后；D. before在……之前。表示“当……时”要用连词when。故选A。
9. ---Tom, I went to the party yesterday evening.
---Oh, I want to know ______at the party.
A. who do you meet B. who you meet
C. who did you meet D. who you met
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——汤姆，我昨天晚上去参加晚会了。——哦，我想知道你在聚会上遇到了谁。本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句要用陈述语序，先排除A和C；再结合题干中的 I went to the party yesterday evening，可知，你见到了谁这一动作发生在过去，故答案为D。
【点睛】此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句特别要注意的是它的语序和时态。
1．语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述句语序，即宾语从句的主从句是一体的。
2. 时态
含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应，包括以下三点内容：
1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：①I don’t know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。
②He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：
①The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。
②He asked his father how it happened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。
3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。
如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老师说地球绕着太阳转。
10. ----I don't like the short story “The gift” I think it’s out of date.
----I’m sorry, but__________. Although it may be old, I still think it's a moving story.
A. it doesn’t matter B. I don't agree
C. you're welcome D. that’s all night
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——我不喜欢短篇小说《礼物》，我认为它已经过时了。 ——我很抱歉，但我不同意，虽然它可能是旧的，但我仍然认为这是一个感人的故事。本题考查交际用语。A. it doesn’t matter 没关系；B. I don't agree我不同意；C. you're welcome不用谢；D. that’s all night好吧，没关系。根据答语中的“尽管它可能陈旧了，但我仍然觉得它是一个感人的故事”可知，答话人不同意对方的观点，故所缺的句子是 I don’t agree。故选B。
【点睛】(1). 表示赞同的交际用语有：I (totally) agree (with you). / I think so. / You’re right. / I can’t agree
more.
(2). 表示反对的交际用语有：I don’t agree (with you). / I disagree (with you). / I don’ think so.
二、完形填空
阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One day, a hunter went hunting with his dog. He saw a rabbit running out of a bush not far in front and ___11___raised his gun to shoot. The rabbit was hurt. It ran away ___12___ .The hunter waved to the dog to___13___it. The well-trained dog rushed like an arrow, running very fast and full of ___14___.
The rabbit ran so desperately(拼命地) that it___15___ not to have been hurt at all. However, the dog was surprisingly left behind. Gradually(逐渐地), the dog was losing sight of(看不见) the rabbit. At last when the dog ___16___empty-handed, the hunter was angry and blamed(责备)it, "How___17___!Unable to catch an injured rabbit! No supper for you.” Feeling sad, the dog tried to explain for ___18___,"Though I didn't catch it, I had done my best.”
When the rabbit got home, all the other rabbits were surprised at its ___19___. They were dying to ask, “How did you ___20___to run away when the dog almost caught you? it’s unbelievable” The dog would only be blamed for not catching me at most, ___21___ all it did was to do its best. The situation is completely different ___22___me. I would surely lose my life___23___I was caught I had to go all out(竭尽全力)!”
We can learn a lesson for our daily life from the story. Have we ever examined ourselves and asked ___24___we did our best or went all out when we looked for a(n)___25___for our failure?
11. A. slowly B. quickly C. easily D. strangely
12. A. in order B. in need C. in fear D. in surprise
13. A. bark at B. look at C. look after D. run after
14. A. knowledge B. kindness C. humor D. confidence
15. A. seemed B. became C. tasted D. sounded
16. A. followed B. left C. returned D. waited
17. A. careless B. useless C. homeless D. harmless
18. A. itself B. it C. himself D. him
19. A. sadness B. luck C. worry D. patience
20. A. succeed B. fail C. manage D. suggest
21. A. but B. or C. yet D. so
22. A. from B. for C. as D. of
23. A. though B. unless C. until D. if
24. A. whether B. that C. what D. where
25. A. respect B. hope C. excuse D. effect
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. D 14. D 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. C 21. D 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文介绍了有一天，猎人带着他的狗去打猎。猎人让他的狗去追一只受伤的兔子，但狗却没有追到。这个故事告诉我们：在遇到问题时，只是尽力和竭尽所能所得到的结果是截然不同的。
【11题详解】
句意：他看见一只兔子从不远处的灌木丛里跑出来的时候，迅速举起枪射击。A. slowly缓慢地；B. quickly快速地；C. easily容易地；D. strangely奇怪地。结合上下文可推断，猎人看到一只兔子从前面不远处的一个灌木丛中跑了出来，他应该是“快速地”举起枪射击。故选B。
【12题详解】
句意：它恐惧地跑开了。A. in order按顺序; B. in need在危难中; C. in fear害怕地; D. in surprise惊讶地。兔子受伤了，因此它“惊慌失措地”逃跑了，故答案为C。
【13题详解】
句意：猎人向狗挥手追赶它。A. bark at吠叫；B. look at 看；C. look after照顾；D. run after追赶。结合下文的句子The well-trained dog rushed like an arrow, running very fast，这只训练有素的狗像箭一样奔跑，跑得很快。可推断，猎人挥手让狗去“追赶”兔子，故选D。
【14题详解】
句意：训练有素的狗像箭一样奔跑，跑得很快，充满信心。A. knowledge知识；B. kindness友善；C. humor幽默；D. confidence信心。结合上下文的描述可知，训练有素的狗像箭一样冲了出去，跑得很快，满怀"自信"，故所缺的词是confidence。故选D。
【15题详解】
句意：兔子拼命奔跑，似乎一点也没有受伤。A. seemed好像；B. became变得；C. tasted 尝起来；D. sounded听起来。结合句意可知，兔子跑得太拼命了，就“好像”根本没有受伤一样，故选A。
【16题详解】
句意：最后，当那只狗空手而归时，猎人生气了，责怪它。A. followed跟随；B. left 离开；C. returned回来；D. waited等待。结合句意可知，只有当狗回来的时候，猎人看到狗是空手的，所以才会生气。故选C。
【17题详解】
句意：真没用！抓不到受伤的兔子！不要给你吃晚饭。A. careless粗心的；B. useless无用的；C. homeless无家可归的；D. hopeless没有希望的； 结合上下文可推断，猎人很生气，狗连一只受伤的兔子都捉不住，责备狗太“没用”了，故选B。
【18题详解】
句意：狗感觉很难过，试图给自己解释说，“虽然我没有捉住它，我已经尽了最大的努力。” A. itself 它自己；B. it 它；C. himself他自己；D. him他。根据句子Though I didn't catch it, I had done my best.”可知，“虽然我没有捉住它，我已经尽了最大的努力。”这是狗觉得很难过，试图为“它自己”解释，因此用反身代词。又因为狗是动物因此用itself。故选A。
【19题详解】
句意：兔子到家的时候，其他所有的兔子都为它的“运气”而感到惊讶。A. sadness 难过；B. luck运气；C. worry担忧；D. patience耐心。根据上下文可知，兔子逃脱了猎狗的追赶，说明运气还不错。故选B。
【20题详解】
句意：当狗差点抓住你的时候，你是怎么逃走的？真是难以置信。A. succeed 成功；B. fail失败；C. manage设法；D. suggest建议。此处指其他的兔子问的是“当狗几乎要抓到你的时候，你是怎么设法逃跑的呢？”manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”，表示做某事做成功了，succeed 后通常不接不定式，而接 in doing sth. 因此A不对。故答案为C。
【21题详解】
句意：这只狗只会因为没有抓住我而受到责怪，所以他所做的只是尽力做到最好。此处兔子说的是“狗没有抓住我，最多只是被责备而已，所以它所做的是尽最大努力”。A. but 但是；B. or 或者；C. yet 然而；D. so因此。因此所缺的连词是so。故选D。
【22题详解】
句意：情况对我来说完全不同。A. from从；B. for 对于；C. as 作为；D. of……的。此处兔子说的是“对我而言，情形则截然不同”。结合句意可知，用介词for，对于……而言。
【23题详解】
句意：如果我被抓住了，我一定会失去性命，我必须全力以赴！A. though尽管；B. unless除非；C. until 直到；D. if如果。根据短文的意思，兔子没有被捉住，这里是假设，因此用if。故选D。
【24题详解】
句意：当我们为自己的失败找借口的时候，我们可曾审视过自己？我们可曾扪心自问是尽了最大努力还是竭尽全力？A. whether是否；B. that引出各种从句；C. what什么；D. where哪里。因为句子中有or，构成weather…or…是……还是……。故选A。
【25题详解】
句意：当我们为自己的失败找借口的时候。A. respect尊重；B. hope希望；C. excuse借口； D. effect影响。 此处表示“为我们的失败找借口”，故选C。
【点睛】完形填空题与单项选择题不同，它给出的是一篇意思较为完整的短文。做该题型试题时，首先应跳过空格通读全文，以全文为背景，联系句子的上下文进行推理和判断，从4个选项中选出一项进行试填。考生可以从词义用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理和上下文的联系等方面去考虑。最后应再把全文通览一遍，细心检查所选答案能否使短文上下连贯，前后呼应，词句通顺，使短文意思完整。检查时还应从语法、惯用法、逻辑推理和事情发生的情节等方面进行考虑，以达到准确无误之目的。第8小题是考查代词词义辨析，根据句子Though I didn't catch it, I had done my best.”可知，“虽然我没有捉住它，我已经尽了最大的努力。”这是狗觉得很难过，试图为“它自己”解释，因此用反身代词。又因为狗是动物因此用itself。故选A。第13小题是考查连词用法，根据短文的意思，兔子没有被捉住，这里是假设，因此用if。故选D。
三、阅读理解
阅读短文，然后根据其内容从A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。
A

Cai Lun invented paper around 2, 000 years ago in China. It is an important
invention. Before the invention of paper, people had to remember lots of information
or write it on stone, wood, leaves, etc.
Today everyone in the world uses paper. With paper, we can make books and print newspapers. Sharing information is a lot easier with the help of paper.

People use paper every day. Students do homework and keep a diary on paper. Paper is a great invention.
Alan Turing was born in London, England, in 1912. He attended Cambridge
University from 1931 to 1934. Turing was a mathematician(数学家)and a computer scientist. Many people called Turing the father of computer science. He created the first design(设计) for a modern computer.
Turing wanted to know if a machine could think for itself and trick someone into believing they were having a conversation with another person. This became known as the Turing test. In the test, a human talked to two other people through a computer. One was a machine, and the other was person. This idea is still used today.
26. When was paper invented by Cai Lun?
A. Around 2, 000 years ago B. About 200 years ago.
C. Around 1, 000 years ago. D. About 100 years ago
27. People can do the following things with paper EXCEPT_________.
A. sharing information B. printing newspaper
C. having the Turing test D. making books
28. Many people considered Alan Turing to be__________.
A. the inventor of paper
B. the father of modern education
C. the inventor of paper
D. the father of computer science
29. In order to have the test, Turing needed ______.
A. three people, one computer and a machine
B. two people, one computer and a machine
C. two people, two computers and a machine
D. one person, one computer and a machine
30. From the passage, we know Cai Lun’s invention and Turning idea are _____.
A. hard to accept B. not used any more
C. unknown to people D. still used today
【答案】26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. D
【解析】
本文介绍了蔡伦发明纸以及艾伦• 图灵和他的图灵试验的相关信息。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Cai Lu invented paper around 2,000 years ago in China"可知答案为A。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “With paper, we can make books and print newspapers. Sharing information is a lot easier with the help of paper” 可知，选项 A、B和D 都是可以用纸来做的事情，故答案为C。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “Many people called Turing the father of computer science”可知答案为D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的 “In the test，a human talked to two other people through a computer. One was a machine, and the other was a person” 可知答案为B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “People use paper every day” 以及第五段中的 “This idea is still used today” 可知，蔡伦的发明以及艾伦•图灵的主意现在仍然被人们使用，故答案为D。
B
My children are growing up fast. My daughter is 16 and my boy is already in junior high school. As they get bigger, our house seems to get smaller. So we want to sell some of our things in a yard sale(庭院拍卖会) and give the money to a children’s home.
We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use. My son was quite sad at first. Although he has not played with his old toys for a long time, he still wanted to keep them. For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven And he did not want to lose his toy monkey, either. He slept next to the monkey every night when he was a child. My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with(出让) certain toys, and my wife wouldn't like to lose her hats which were out of fashion.
As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now. I am getting older, too!
31. The family decided to sell some of their things___________.
A. to buy a bigger house B. to make more space
C. to hold a yard sale D. to become richer
32. The son got the train and railway set at the age of ________.
A. four B. seven C. fourteen D. sixteen
33. How did both of the kids feel about selling their old toys?
A. Nervous B. Angry C. Happy D. Sad
34. The passage was probably written by _______.
A. the son B. the daughter C. the father D. the mother
35. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. popular science B. family life
C. healthy diet D. shopping plan
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
我的孩子们都长大了，房子似乎变小了，所以我们打算卖掉一些旧的物品。但是我家里的每个人都对旧东西充满了感情，不舍得将它们卖出去。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “As they get bigger，our house seems to get smaller. So we want to sell some of our things in a yard sale(庭院拍卖会）...” 可知，我们决定卖一些东西，为的是“腾出更多的空间”，故答案为B。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “...he has owed a train and railway set since his fourth birthday.”可知答案为A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的My son was quite sad. 以及 “My daughter was more understanding，although she also felt sad to part with (出让）certain toys” 可推断，两个孩子对于卖掉旧玩具这件事都感到很难过，故答案为D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章中出现的My children，My son, My daughter以及my wife等信息可推断，这篇文章是父亲的，故答案为C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，孩子们都长大了，房子似乎变小了，所以我们打算卖掉一些旧的物品。以及孩子们对旧物品存在的感情。主要内容是关于“家庭生活”的，故答案为B。
C
Imagine having a simple app(应用程序) that works like: When you need help, just open the app, touch the “notOK” button and a text message will be sent to five pre-selected(预先选定的)people, along with a location(位置)to show where you are. The messag