浙江省宁波市2018年中考英语真题试题（含解析）.doc

浙江省宁波市2018年中考英语真题试题
一、完形填空
It does not always come easy to discover oneself. From a young age, I had a strong sense of who I was to become,____1____ an accident made me redefine (重审）myself.
To me, skating was above all. There was ____2____ in this world that filled my heart with such joy. I spent twenty-four hours a week practicing my ___3___. Having no social life or interests but skating, my devotion( 挚爱） brought me first place medals in nearly every ___4___.
Unfortunately, in one show, I fell down and hurt myself ___5___. After several X-rays and MRI(磁共振）scans, the___6___(told)Tie that I couldn't return to my sport any more. The pain in my back was hard to bear and even the___7___daily tasks became difficult.
As my passion(激情）was____8____, I had little sense of who I was to become. After eight months of suffering , something had to ___9___. Instead of wasting my days sitting around painfully, I began to put my___10___into local community service projects. By volunteering ___11___ a swimming teacher and summer reading assistant for kids, I got an idea of who I___12___to become. After a few months, I devoted time to my interest in the arts. Little by Little, I___13___out of the shadow( 阴影）and rebuilt my confidence.
Sometimes, some___14___rocks block (阻碍）our way. We can choose to stay behind or try to climb over. My accident was a rock that ___15___ to stop me from reaching success. Today I’m a very confident and optimistic person.
1. A. and B. but C. or D. so
2. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything
3. A. skills B. behaviors C. thoughts D. habits
4. A. meeting B. party C. concert D. competition
5. A. quickly B. softly C. badly D. slowly
6. A. waiter B. doctor C. teacher D. policeman
7. A. useful B. basic C. proper D. busy
8. A. found out B. brought back C. waken up D. taken away
9. A. change B. remain C. leave D. arrive
10. A. energy B. duty C. wealth D. spirit
11. A. with B. for C. as D. to
12. A. wanted B. started C. promised D. lived
13. A. ran B. jumped C. stood D. stepped
14. A. small B. large C. ugly D. round
15. A. managed B. helped C. failed D. continued
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】发现自己的人生之路总是不那么容易的，故事中的“我”的人生方向本来坚定不移是滑冰，但是一次意外让我失去了重返赛场的能力，给了“我”一次重新思考、再次找到人生方向的机会。
1. 句意：从年轻的时候起，我就强烈地意识到自己要成为什么样的人，但是一场意外让我重新定义了自己。这里有明显的转折关系，说的是之前我很明确自己要成为什么样的人，后面的“redefine”说明发生了“重新定义”，所以这里是转折关系，选项A.和；选项B.但是；选项C.或者；D. 所以。故选B。
2. 句意：这个世界上没有什么东西能让我那么满心欢喜。A.一切，每样东西B.某事，某物C.没什么（东西）D.任何东西。前面的那一句说“滑冰对我来说超越一切”说明了作者对这项运动极度热爱，所以世界上没有什么东西（nothing）可以带给我那样的快乐了。故选C。
3. 句意：我每周花二十四小时练习我的技巧。A.技能B.行为C.思想D.习惯。因为热爱这项运动，便会花费大量时间用于练习对应的运动技能（skills）。故选A。
4. 句意：没有社交生活或兴趣，我只有滑冰，我的挚爱几乎在每场比赛中都给我带来第一名的奖牌。A.会议B.派对C.音乐会D.比赛。“first place medals”指的是“第一名的奖牌”，这只可能在比赛（competition）中获得，故选D。
5. 句意：不幸的是，在一场表演中，我摔倒并严重地弄伤了自己。A.迅速地B.轻轻地C.严重地D.慢慢地。从后面做的种种检查可以看出这次跌倒的后果很严重，选择副词（badly）来形容程度“严重地”，故选C。
6. 句意：在做完几次X光和磁共振扫描后，医生告诉我我不能再重返运动场了。A.侍者B.医生C.老师D.警察。能在做完检查后告知“我”不能重返赛场的只能是医生了，故选B。
7. 句意：我背部的痛苦难以承受，甚至基本的日常工作也变得困难。A.有用的B.基本的C.适当的D.忙碌的。后背很痛，所以“很基本的”（basic）日常活动都会很难，表示这次受伤严重影响了我的日常生活，故选B。
8. 句意：因为我的激情被带走了，所以我对于自己将会成为什么人几乎没有感觉了。A.找出，查明B.带回去C.唤醒D.带走。as引出的是原因，正因为这次伤痛“剥夺、带走”（take away）了我的激情，所以才会导致了我失去了方向，故选D。
9. 句意：在八个月的痛苦之后，某些东西不得不改变了。A.改变B.保持C.离开D.到达。后面说我不再浪费时间了而是去参加社区服务项目，说明在这里一些事情发生了改变（change），故选A。
10. 句意：我开始把精力放在本地的社区服务项目上了。A.能源；精力B.责任C.财富D.精神。“put energy into…”指的是“把精力放在…上面”，这里是说作者做出了改变，把精力放到社区服务上面了，故选A。
11. 句意：通过志愿作为一名为儿童的游泳教师和暑期阅读助理…。“volunteer as…”指的是“作为…提供志愿服务”，这里的介词“as”翻译成“作为”，其他的介词均无此意，这里是说“我”作为…而提供志愿服务，故选C。
12. 句意：我知道了我要成为谁。A. 想要 B. 开始 C. 承诺 D. 生活。这里是说通过志愿服务我再次知道了自己想要成为谁，故选A。
13. 句意：一点一点地，我走出了阴影，重建了我的自信。A.跑B.跳C.站立D.跨步;（连续）迈步。这里是说我一点一点“走出”（step out of…）了过去的阴影，不可能是“跑出”或其他，故选D。
14. 句意：有的时候，一些巨大的岩石阻挡了我们的道路。A.小的B.大的C.丑的D.圆的。这里作者把遇到的困难比作了“巨大的岩石”，形容这些困难是很大的，是阻挡我们前行的，故选B。
15. 句意：我的事故就是一块岩石，但没能阻挡我接近成功。A.管理B.帮助C.失败D.继续。“fail to do”为“没能做成…”，这里是说那块大石头并没有阻止我靠近成功，故选C。
二、阅读理解
(A)
As long as everyone contributes a little, the world 吐 ll become a much better place.
Most people are kind-hearted and want to lend a helping hand. Now let's share some memorable moments.
Linda: Once, when I was on my way back to my hometown, I lost my purse without even knowing it. I was told over the train’s loudspeaker that my purse was at the railway station's lost and found office. But the train had already started. Seeing my helplessness, a kind hostess offered to lend me some money. I went back to the railway station and got my purse. I am still thankful to the railway staff and the person who found my purse.
Scott: When I was a little boy, there was a time when I went to fish with my elder sister. All of a sudden, I slipped into the river. The next thing I remember is my father holding me in the hospital. Today I still don’t know who got me out of that river. I have been trying to help other people whenever I can all these years.
Tina: One of my neighbors is an old man who cannot speak. He makes money by recycling waste. Our other neighbors don't like his behavior. But in my opinion, it's his way to support his family. Once, after cleaning my house, I placed some cardboard boxes in his garden and left my rubbish beside my door. However, when I was about to go out, I found nothing outside my door but a note: "I have thrown away your rubbish. You are a nice girl. Thanks a lot!"
16. According to the passage above, we know that
A. the hostess found Linda's purse
B. Linda knew where she lost her purse
C. Scott still doesn't know who got him out of the river
D. some cardboard boxes were stolen by Tina's neighbor
17. The writer is trying to tell us the value of
A. health
B. kindness
C. money
D. safety
18. The passage above is probably a .
A. report
B. diary
C. novel
D. letter
【答案】16. C 17. B 18. A
【解析】本文分享了一些人在生活中做出的点滴善举，这些善举给人内心中留下了深刻的印象。
16. 句意：根据上面的段落，我们知道：斯科特仍然不知道是谁把他从河里捞出来的。A.女主人找到了琳达的钱包B.琳达知道她在哪里丢了钱包C.斯科特仍然不知道是谁把他从河里捞出来的D.一些纸箱被蒂娜的邻居偷走了。原文“Today I still don’t know who got me out of that river.”（今天，我仍然不知道是谁把我从那条河里捞出来的。），故选C。
17. 句意：作家试图告诉我们的是善良的价值。A.健康B.善良C.钱D.安全。原文“Most people are kind-hearted and want to lend a helping hand.”（大多数人都是善良的并且希望伸出援助之手。），说明本文作者想要弘扬的善行义举，强调的是善良的价值，故选B。
18. 句意：上面的这篇文章可能是一份报告。A.报告B.日记C.小说D.信。这篇文章是由3个小故事结合而成的，并且在开头简单说明了文章的主题，题材应该不是日记、小说或信件，可以是一份报告。故选A。
点睛：本偏第3小题是关于文章体裁的猜测。这里很容易误选C（小说），如果这是小说，应该有完整的起因、经过和结果，描述的应该是完整的故事，但这篇文章的结构明显不是这样，在开头简单说明了文章的主题，然后讲了3个小故事，还配了3附图，引用了3个人的话，非常像一篇报道，或是一份报告，而非小说。
(B)
I graduated from college recently and moved to Washington by myself. While I was in college, it was really easy to meet new people. But "out in the real world", I was finding it really hard. I live in a big city, and it seems like everyone around me is busy or already has all the friends they want. I was feeling so discouraged(沮丧的）and I didn't know what to do, so I called my sister for some advice.
My sister is five years older than I am, so she's been through all this already. She's been helping me with my problems all my life. When I explained my problem, she understood completely. She said, "Why don't you try meeting people online?"
"Online? Are you kidding?" I asked. "A friend of mine chatted with a guy online, and when she finally met him face to face, he was nothing like what he said."
My sister laughed. "You don't have to look for dates online," she said. "But you can find other people like you—people who have just moved to town and want to make some new friends. When I first moved to New York after college, I found a book club and a football team online. I met a lot of people that way."
"But you don't even like football!" I said.
"I know," she replied. "But that didn't matter. I still bad a lot of fun. You played volleyball in college. Why don't you look for a volleyball team to join? Or an art class?"
"Yeah! I saw a website about volunteering the other day." I said. "I could volunteer for an organization here in Washington. I bet I could meet a lot of really nice people that way."
"Good idea!" my sister answered excitedly. "Hey, you might even meet the perfect guy."
"OK, now you're starting to sound like Mom," I said. "Thanks a lot for the advice. I'm going online right now. I'll let you know what happens. Will you be home tonight?"
"No, but I'll be here all day tomorrow, so give me a call," my sister replied. "Good luck!"
19. What was the writer's problem?
A. She was cheated by her friend online.
B. She was refused by a volleyball team.
C. She couldn't meet people in her new city.
D. She felt discouraged in her college.
20. The writer's sister
A. lives in the same city as the writer
B. doesn't have any advice for the writer
C. had the same problem when she finished college
D. didn't go to college, but understands the writer's problem
21. The writer is probably going to
A. become a member of a football team
B. look for dates online
C. join a book club like her sister did
D. volunteer for an organization
22. What's the best title for this passage?
A. Looking for Fun Online
B. Volunteering in a New City
C. Chatting with Friends Online
D. Making Friends in a New City
【答案】19. C 20. C 21. D 22. D
【解析】这篇文章讲了“我”毕业后的一个实际问题——无法在新城市结识朋友，“我”向姐姐求助，姐姐为我提出了十分实用可行的建议。
19. 句意：作者的问题是什么？A.她在网上被她的朋友骗了。B.她被排球队拒绝了。
C.她无法在新的城市遇见他人。D.她在大学时感到气馁。原文“But "out in the real world", I was finding it really hard.”（但“在现实世界中”，我发现它很难。），这里的“it”指“meet new people”，遇见新的人，这是作者的问题所在。故选C。
20. 句意：这位作家的姐姐大学毕业时也遇到同样的问题。A.和作家住在同一个城市B.对作者没有任何建议C.大学毕业时也遇到同样的问题D.她没有上大学，但了解作者的问题。选项A未提及，选项B不正确，文章中很大篇幅都在讲姐姐给我的建议，原文“When I first moved to New York after college”说明姐姐上过大学，选项D不正确。原文“so she's been through all this already.”和“she understood completely”说明姐姐也经过这些，十分理解，故选C。
21. 句意：作家可能会去为一个组织提供志愿服务。A.成为一个足球队的成员B.在网上寻找约会C.像她姐姐一样加入一家书店D.为一个组织提供志愿服务。原文“I could volunteer for an organization here in Washington.”（我可以在华盛顿为这里的一个组织做志愿者。），故选D。
22. 句意：这篇文章最佳标题是什么？A.在网上寻找乐趣B.在新城市进行志愿服务
C.在线与朋友聊天D.在新城市中交朋友。这篇文章始于“我”的困惑（在新城市里谁也不认识），姐姐为“我”提出了建议，建议我参加俱乐部或者集体组织，找到有共同爱好的人，就能有新朋友了。所以文章的最佳标题就是“在新城市中交朋友”。故选D。
(C)
Artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能）is the ability of a computer program or a machine to think and learn. It is also a field of study that tries to make computers "smart". John McCarthy, a scientist, came up with the name "artificial intelligence" in 1955. Many things such as learning and problem solving can be done by computers, though not in the same way as we do.
An unusual goal of AI research is to create computer programs that can learn, solve problems, and think logically(逻辑地）. At present we use the term Al for successfully understanding human speech, recognizing(识别）human faces, operating self-driving cars and competing in some game systems like Chess and AlphGo（阿尔法狗）. Some people also consider AI a danger to humans if it develops too quickly. Professor Stephen Hawking (霍金), a well-known British scientist, was not for this kind of technology.
Math is the basic language of AI. If we raise the standard in the learning of math, our students will be more likely to become successful AI designers in the future. We not only want bright students, but also need to attract average students and give them the math skills which are needed to change them into AI designers. Besides, a good knowledge of computer science is also necessary for AI designing.
Scientists hope to create creative and emotional AI which can possibly understand human feelings or create art. Many ways and tools have been tried to discover this fascinating field.
23. From Paragraph 1, we know that
A. all problems can be solved by AI
B. machines with AI can think and learn
C. AI has been around for only 60 years.
D. AI works in the same way as humans
24. The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refers to(指的是）
A. Chess
B. AlphaGo
C. the danger
D. AI
25. According to the writer and the following school report, which student will most probably become a successful AI designer?
School Report
Subject/Name
Math(100)
Art(100)
Computer(100)
Mike
60
95
95
Peter
95
65
90
Amy
65
90
95
Cathy
95
95
60

A. Mike.
B. Peter.
C. Amy.
D. Cathy.
26. Paragraph 4 mainly tells us the scientists’ about AI.
A. wishes
B. worries
C. feelings
D. discoveries
【答案】23. B 24. D 25. B 26. A
【解析】本文主要介绍了AI（人工智能）的发展，最新的成果（AlphGo）以及成为AI设计师必备的技能和科学家对AI的愿景。
23. 句意：从第1段我们知道具有AI的机器可以思考和学习。A.所有问题都可以通过AI解决；B.具有AI的机器可以思考和学习；C. AI已经存在了60年；D. AI的工作方式与人类相同。原文“Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer program or a machine to think and learn.”（人工智能（AI）是计算机程序或机器思考和学习的能力。），所以具有AI的机器可以思考和学习，故选B。
24. 句意：第2段中的下划线词“it”指的是AlphaGo。A.国际象棋B. AlphaGo；C.危险D. AI，原文“Some people also consider AI a danger to humans if it develops too quickly.”（有些人认为AI如果发展得太快，就会对人类构成危险。），这里的“it”指前半句中的“AI”，意思是如果AI发展过快，人们认为可能会是一种危险，故选D。
25. 句意：根据作者和下面的学校报告，哪个学生最有可能成为一名成功的AI设计师？原文“If we raise the standard in the learning of math, our students will be more likely to become successful AI designers in the future.”（如果我们提高数学学习的标准，我们的学生将来更有可能成为AI设计师。）说明数学对于成为AI设计师至关重要，结合学校报告，得知Peter数学得分最高，他最有可能成为一名成功的AI设计师。故选B。
26. 句意：第4段主要告诉我们科学家关于人工智能的愿望。A.愿望B.忧虑C.感受D.发现。原文“Scientists hope to create creative and emotional AI which can possibly understand human feelings or create art.”（科学家希望创造出能够理解人类情感或创造艺术的具有创造性和情感化的人工智能。），这一段主要在谈论“科学家希望的东西”，即科学家的愿望，故选A。
(D)
In our culture, the ability to make one's own decisions is important. John F. Kennedy's quote(引语）"Too often we enjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of thought." shows an unpleasant truth.
Much of what we know and believe has been taught to us by others, and we often accept this information without spending much time thinking it over for ourselves.
In today's world, we are being presented with information, ideas and beliefs, but many of them are against each other. Psychology(心理学）tells us that if we hear an idea enough times, or心t comes from someone we respect(尊敬), we will probably believe that idea. In these cases, we base our opinions on the opinions of others. If each of us does not think about this information for ourselves and come to our own conclusions , we will become nothing more than parrots（鹦鹉） quoting the opinions of others.
Examples of spreading fake news without thought can be seen on the Internet. Some people believe whatever they read and then share the story without thinking about the facts. All it takes is one quick click(点击）of the "share" button, and the story travels on its way to influence even more unthinking readers. This can cause serious problems.
If we just stop for a moment to think about what we read and hear, and form our own opinions, we will be more thoughtful, more independent, and more creative people, but few take that time. Yet we need not lose heart over this bad habit. In fact, simply becoming aware (意识到） of it is the first step towards co