机电工程英语公开课一等奖优质课大赛微课获奖课件.pptx
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1、Lesson 13 Programmable Logic Controller可编程逻辑控制器可编程逻辑控制器Section I Words and PhrasesSection II Text and TranslationSection III Exercises and Answers词英汉练 End Next 答第1页第1页Section I Words and Phrasesactuator 执行机构pneumatic nju(:)5mAtikadj.气动,气力n.气胎hydraulichai5drC:likadj.水力,水压,液压n.液压传动装置relay5ri:lein.电工继电
2、器solenoid5sEulinCidn.电螺线管proprietary prE5praiEtEriadj.所有些人:属于一个所有些人或作为群体所有些人,或与之相关:camkAmn.凸轮automate 5C:tEmeitv.使自动化,自动操作initially I5nIFElIadv.最初,开头Topic Above Next End 第2页第2页Section I Words and Phrasesladder 5lAdE(r)n.梯子,梯形inspire in5spaiEvt.作为原因或本源;引起;激励,勉励:激发行动,促动trace out描绘出apprehension 7Apri5h
3、enFEnn.紧张,忧虑circuit 5sE:kitn.电路load lEudn.负荷,重任,负载power supply电源module 5mCdju:ln.模数,模块,flexibility 7fleksE5bilitin.弹性,适应性,柔韧性Topic Above Next End 第3页第3页Section II Text A programmable logic controller,PLC,or programmable contr-oller is a small computer used for automation of real-world processes,such
4、 as control of machinery on factory assembly lines.The PLC usua-lly uses a microprocessor.The program can often control complex seq-uencing and is often written by engineers.The program is stored in battery-backed memory1 and/or EEPROMs2.PLCs have the basic structure,shown in Figure 13-1.From the fi
5、gure,the PLC has four main units:the Programme memory,the Data memory,the Output devices and the Input devices.The Programme memory is used for storing the instructions for the lo-gical control sequence.The status of switches,interlocks,past values of data and other working data is stored in the Dat
6、a memory.Topic Above Next 汉 End 第4页第4页Section II Text The main differences from other computers are the special input/output arrangements.These connect the PLC to sensors3 and actuators4.PLCs read limit switches,temperature indicators and the positions of complex positioning systems.Some even use ma
7、chine vision.On the ac-tuator side,PLCs drive any kind of electric motor,pneumatic or hydra-ulic cylinders or diaphragms,magnetic relay-s or solenoids.The input/output arrangements may be built into a simple PLC,or the PLC may have external I/O modules attached to a proprietary computer network that
8、 plugs into the PLC.Topic Above Next 汉 End 第5页第5页Section II Text PLCs were invented as less expensive replacements for older auto-mated systems that would use hundreds or thousands of relays and cam-timers.Often,a single PLC can be programmed to replace thousands of relays.Programmable controllers w
9、ere initially adopted by the auto-motive manufacturing industry,where software revision replaced the rewiring of hard-wired control panels.The functionality of the PLC has evolved over the years to include typical relay control,sophisticated motion control,process control,Distributed Control Systems
10、5 and complex networking.Topic Above Next 汉 End 第6页第6页Section II Text The earliest PLCs expressed all decision making logic in simple ladder logic inspired from the electrical connection diagrams.The elect-ricians were quite able to trace out circuit problems with schematic dia-grams using ladder lo
11、gic.This was chosen mainly to reduce the appreh-ension of the existing technicians.Today,the PLC has been proven very reliable,but the program-mable computer still has a ways to go.With the IEC 661131-3 standard,it is now possible to program these devices using structured programmi-ng languages,and
12、logic elementary operations.A graphical programming notation called Sequential Function Charts7 is available on certain programmable controllers.Topic Above Next 汉 End 第7页第7页Section II Text However,it should be noted that PLCs no longer have a very high cost(often thousands of dollars),typical of a
13、generic solution.Mode-rn PLCs with full capabilities are available for a few hundred USD8.There are other ways for automating machines,such as a custom micro-controller-based design,but there are differences among both:PLCs contain everything needed to handle high power loads right out of the box,wh
14、ile a microcontroller would need an electronics engineer to des-ign power supplies,power modules,etc.Also a microcontroller based design would not have the flexibility of in-field programmability of a PLC.That is why PLCs are used in production lines,for example.The-se typically are highly customize
15、d systems so the cost of a PLC is low compared to the cost of contacting a designer for a specific,one-timeTopic Above Next 汉 End 第8页第8页Section II Text only design.On the other hand,in the case of mass-produced goods,customized control systems quickly pay for themsel-ves due to the lower cost of the
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