甲状腺疾病英文版.pptx
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1、甲状腺疾病英文版第1页Word ListvThyroid disorders 甲状腺病症vIsthmus 峡部vThyroxine 甲状腺素vTriiodothyronine 三碘甲状腺氨酸vParathyroid glands 甲状旁腺vCalcitonin 降钙素甲状腺疾病英文版第2页vRecurrent laryngeal nerve 喉返神经vHyperthyroidism 甲亢vHypothyroidism 甲减vGoitre 甲状腺肿vExophthalmos 突眼症vTremor 震颤vTSH 促甲状腺激素甲状腺疾病英文版第3页vThyroidectomy 甲状腺切除术vThyr
2、oid crisis 甲状腺危象vA tracheostomy set 气管切开包vTetamy 手足抽搐甲状腺疾病英文版第4页Thyroid GlandIt is a part of the endocrine(内分泌内分泌)system,plays a major role in regulating the bodys metabolism.甲状腺疾病英文版第5页Section 1Anatomy/physiology of thyroid甲状腺疾病英文版第6页PlaceBlood supplyNerves supplyFunctionsAnatomy/physiology of thyr
3、oid 甲状腺疾病英文版第7页vLocated in the lower neck anterior to the trachea.Two lateral lobes connected by an isthmus(峡部)(峡部)vButterfly-shaped organv 5cm long ,3cm wide,30gv The parathyroid glands(甲状旁腺)(甲状旁腺)lying on the dorsal side(后面)(后面)of the thyroid gland.甲状腺疾病英文版第8页vRich,from the superior and inferior t
4、hyroid artery.vArtery:vThe arterial branches provide blood supply to other structures in the area.The interior thyroid artery provides branches to the pharynx,trachea and esophagus.vVein:1)The superior thyroid vein 2)The middle thyroid vein 3)The inferior thyroid vein 甲状腺疾病英文版第9页vThe nerves supplyin
5、g the thyroid originate from vagus(迷走神经)迷走神经),innervate the epithelial cells(上皮细胞)(上皮细胞)of the follicles(滤(滤泡)泡)of the thyroid gland.vOne must be aware of the bilateral existence of a recurrent laryngeal nerve(喉(喉返神经)返神经)during dissection.甲状腺疾病英文版第10页vvProduces,Produces,synthesizes,stores,synthesize
6、s,stores,and secretes and secretes Two HormonesTwo Hormones Called Called Thyroxine(T4)Thyroxine(T4)Thyronine(T3)Thyronine(T3)vvRegulates MetabolismRegulates Metabolism so Your Cells so Your Cells Function ProperlyFunction ProperlyvvAffects Every Cell in the BodyAffects Every Cell in the Body,necess
7、ary for normal growth and necessary for normal growth and developmentdevelopment甲状腺疾病英文版第11页vCommon disorder:A deficiency of iodine vOther disorder:Autoimmune thyroid diseasevClassification:Hyperthyroidism(甲亢)甲亢),hypothyroidism(甲减)(甲减),tumours,cancer or goitre(甲状腺肿)(甲状腺肿).甲状腺疾病英文版第12页When the Thyroi
8、d Doesnt WorkWhen the Thyroid Doesnt WorkHyperthyroidismHyperthyroidism Too Much Thyroid Hormone Too Much Thyroid Hormone Metabolism Speeds Up Metabolism Speeds UpHypothyroidismHypothyroidism Too Little Thyroid Hormone Too Little Thyroid Hormone Metabolism Slows Down Metabolism Slows Down甲状腺疾病英文版第13
9、页Hyperthyroidism(甲状腺功效亢进)甲状腺功效亢进)甲状腺疾病英文版第14页Definition Hyperthyroidism is an imbalance of metabolism caused by overproduction of thyroid hormone.甲状腺疾病英文版第15页vCause:Increased secretion of thyroid hormone.vFemales:males=4:1,it tends to affect males more severely.vIncidence:20 40 years old group.甲状腺疾病
10、英文版第16页Clinical ManifestationGoiterExophthalmos (突眼征)突眼征)Increased metabolic rateIncreased function of sympathetic nerve(交感神经)交感神经)Cardiovascular alteration 甲状腺疾病英文版第17页 v The thyroid can be palpated for asymmetry(不对称)不对称)and size.v It may enlarge 3-4 times to its normal size.It is called goitre.甲状腺
11、疾病英文版第18页Hyperthyroidism甲状腺疾病英文版第19页甲状腺疾病英文版第20页vAs a result of increased thyroid hormone production,the client has an increased metabolic rate.vWeight loss despite increased appetite,fatigue,poor tolerance to heat,and profuse perspiration,menstrual irregularities.甲状腺疾病英文版第21页vNervous,restlessness,i
12、rritability,difficulty concentrating,emotional liability,mood swings,personality changes.vFine tremors of the fingers and tongue,shaky handwriting,clumsiness,trouble in climbing stairs,or dyspnea possibly at rest.甲状腺疾病英文版第22页vThe skin is warm and moist,characteristic salmon colour(鲜肉色)鲜肉色).vThe hair
13、 is fine and soft with premature grey and increased hair loss.vThe nails appear fragile with distal nail separation from the nail bed.甲状腺疾病英文版第23页v Tachycardia:160 bpm and down to 80 bpm during sleep.v Pulse pressure is widened.vThere can be muscular weakness and atrophy(萎缩)萎缩),paralysis(瘫痪)(瘫痪).甲状腺
14、疾病英文版第24页Diagnostic TestsTSH(促甲状腺激素)(促甲状腺激素)T3,T4Radioactive iodine uptake(131131)Thyroid scanMensuration of basic metabolism rate(BMR)甲状腺疾病英文版第25页vTSH(ThyroidStimulating Hormone)normal TSH reflect a euthyroid(甲状腺机能正甲状腺机能正常)常)state.v Hyperthyroidism:TSH is low or absent.v In mild forms of hyperthyro
15、idism:slightly abnormal.甲状腺疾病英文版第26页Thyroid scan Scan are helpful in determining location,size,shape,and anatomic function of the thyroid gland.甲状腺疾病英文版第27页Mensuration of Basic Metabolism Rate (BMR)vConditions:Early in the morning,empty stomach,at the time of rest vBasic Metabolism Rate =(Pulse rate
16、+Pulse pressure)-111甲状腺疾病英文版第28页GradevNormal:10%vSlightly abnormal:+20%+30%vModerately abnormal:+30%+60%vSeriously abnormal:+60%甲状腺疾病英文版第29页TreatmentvAntithyroid drugs,radioactive iodine,or thyroidectomy(甲状腺切除术)甲状腺切除术).vIndividualized and depends on the age and general state of health,the size of th
17、e goiter and the ability to obtain follow-up care.甲状腺疾病英文版第30页vPartial or complete thyroidectomy may be carried out as primary treatment.vThe type and extent of the surgery depend on the diagnosis,goal of surgery,and prognosis.甲状腺疾病英文版第31页Surgical IndicationsvA very large goiter or a multinodular go
18、iter with relatively low radioactive iodine uptakevMalignant thyroid nodule vPsychologically or mentally incompetent patients甲状腺疾病英文版第32页SurgeryvA portion of the thyroid gland is removed,but a total thyroidectomy may be performed(expensive,risks).vIndications for subtotal thyroidectomy:the main adva
19、ntages are rapid control of the disease and a lower incidence of hypothyroidism than can be achieved with radioiodine treatment.甲状腺疾病英文版第33页SurgeryvIf a partial thyroidectomy is done,the remaining thyroid tissue should provide adequate amounts of thyroid hormones.vIf a complete thyroidectomy is done
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