2019年上海高考英语试题.doc

绝密★启用前
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）
英语试卷
（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）

考生注意：
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
（ ）1. A. Good novels. B. The 20th? century.
C. A newly opened bookstore. D. Fuzhou, Road
（ ）2. A. He has had a surgery. B. He has problem on his back.
C. He met a doctor. D. He sneezed.
（ ）3. A. Excited. B. Interested.
C. Happy. D. Annoying.
（ ）4. A. In Xi'an. B. In Chengdu.
C. In the company. D. At home.
（ ）5. A. He is too careful about what he eats.
B. He didn't take exercise before.
C. He had a healthy diet before.
D. He is leading a healthier life now.
（ ）6. A. Nutrition. B. Mud.
C. Pesticides. D. Water.
（ ）7. A. The habit of learning.
B. Taking part in the writing contest.
C. Practising writing.
D. Taking courses on reading and writing.
（ ）8. A. She finds the tennis court crowded.
B. She likes tennis.
C. She is going to fit tennis lessons into her schedule.
D. She is too busy to take tennis lessons.
（ ）9. A. He forgot to repair his car.
B. He forgot to charge his car battery.
C. He forgot to refuel his car.
D. He walked to the park because it is nearby.
（ ） 10. A. Trying to balance the numbers in the report.
B. Dealing with the budget.
C. Reading the budget report.
D. Keeping adding and reading the numbers.
Section B
Directions: In Section B you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation ,after each passage. The passages or conversation you will be asked several questions, the passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
（ ）11. A. When they meet strangers.
B. When they start a new project.
C. When they interview professionals.
D. When they enter unknown areas.
（ ）12. A. Because he was a nonfiction writer.
B. Because he was sincere.
C. Because he was not qualified to write such a kind of book.
D. Because he had a note book with him.
（ ）13. A. By producing the unfamiliar to reduce fear.
B. By having strength to broaden their stories.
C. By taking these advantages to enrich their writing.
D. By doing assignment to gain confidence.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.
（ ）14. A. Creativity is production of something original and useful.
B. Creativity is production of both sides of the brain.
C. Creativity is production of the right brain, enhancing by arts. '
D. Creativity is production of freedom from concrete facts.
（ ）15. Ạ. The left brain scans remote memories.
B. The left brain concentrates on obvious facts.
C. The left brain pulls all thought together.
D. The left brain catches connection and locks it.
（ ）16. A. Definition of creativity. B. Fact-finding.
C. The left side of the brain. D. The right side of the brain.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
（ ）17. A. Teaching in a remote village.
B. A volunteer experience.
C. A part time job.
D. Perseverance.
（ ）18. Ạ. His father supervised a non-profit art gallery volunteer programme.
B. His father used to donate cash to a non-profit art gallery.
C. His father was involved in all the activities in the art gallery.
D. His father devoted all his time to the charity activities in the gallery.
（ ）19. A. To donate cash and things to people who need them.
B. To get involved in activities you are passionate about.
C. To take part in the charity activities.
D. To volunteer to work in a charity group.
（ ）20. A. Passion. B. Funds.
C. Perseverance. D. Acknowledgement. '

II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Millions of Baby Olive Ridley Turtles Emerge in Orissa

Nature is full of wonders. In___21___ is one of the most breathtaking sights in nature millions of baby Ridley turtles broke out of their eggshells under the sand at one of their mass nesting grounds in Orissa. The baby turtles started their journey towards the Bay of Bengal____22_____ they emerged from their nest in the southern district of Ganjam, about 175 km from Bhubaneswar.
Orissa is the home to three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species____23_____ (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites. Gahirmatha, ____24____ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world's largest nesting sites.
The female turtles drag_____25_____ up the beach from the sea, dig a nest, lay at least one hundred eggs, cover and conceal their eggs and nest, and then return to the sea, The females never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that ____26______ (deposit) in the warm sand.
The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45—60 days, then the babies grow without their mother, which is a rare phenomenon in nature. Interestingly, it is on the same beach where they were born ____27____the females lay their eggs.
In the recent years, sea erosion has led to many turtles’ nest ____28_____ (damage) or destroyed. Also, some fierce animals such as dogs and birds _____29___ ( reduce) the number of nesting turtles, And. of course man has also had a negative impact ____30_____using engine-powered fishing boats near the turtles' nesting grounds.
21. _________ 22. ________ 23. _______ 24. _________ 25. _________
26. _________ 27. _________ 28. _________ 29. _________ 30. _________

Section B
  Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. counting B. determinted C. distraction D. environmental
E. focus F . modified G. naturally H. performing
I. worsening J. comprehensively K. significant
Myopia, or short-sightedness, is a condition in which distant objects appear blurred, but closer objects can usually be seen in sharp focus, Its biological basis is an eye that, during childhood, has grown too long for its optical power. The focal plane for images of distant objects ends up in front of the retina, causing out-of-____31____ perception.
Myopia was once regarded as almost totally genetically____32____. But its prevalence has increased spectacularly in urban mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan and South Korea, where 80-90% of those completing high school are now short-sighted. This is up from 20-30% only two generations ago. Since gene pools do not change that fast, these massive changes must be due to____33____ change. In 2005, we____34____ reviewed the research on myopia and found a correlation with education. (This was not a particularly novel insight; such a link was postulated as far back as Kepler in 1604.) We found locations with a high prevalence of myopia were all top performers in surveys of international educational outcomes.
Fortunately, not all high -____35____ locations, Australia among them, showed a high prevalence of myopia. This shows that high educational outcomes do not necessarily lead to myopia. We also hypothesized that all human population groups had a tendency to develop myopia under particular environmental conditions. Indeed, North America and Europe have seen growing rates of myopia, although they are still nowhere near as high as in East and Southeast Asia.
A common cutoff for high myopia is - 5 diopters. This means vision is blurred beyond 20cm from the eyes. Such severe or high myopia increases with age and can lead to visual impairment that can't be corrected. The prevalence of high myopia has now reached 20% in young adults in East and Southeast Asia, which foreshadows major increases in visual____36____ and blindness as these young adults age. So prevention of myopia has become crucial, particularly for East and Southeast Asia.
Australia has____37____ low levels of myopia with a lifestyle that emphasizes outdoors activities. Young children report spending two to three hours a day outside, not____38____ time outdoors at school. However, there are formidable barriers to achieving this benchmark in locations where spending time outdoors is seen as a____39____ from study. Policy responses must therefore also aim to slow the progression of myopia, the phenomenon in which mild to____40____ myopia becomes more severe during childhood. There is currently controversy over whether time outdoors slows progression, but strong seasonal effects on progression suggest that it may.
31. _________ 32. ________ 33. _______ 34. _________ 35. _________
36. _________ 37. _________ 38. _________ 39. _________ 40. _________

III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context .
We’re told that writing is dying. Typing on keyboards and screens____41____ written communication today. Learning cursive, joined-up handwriting was once____42____ in schools. But now, not so much. Countries such as Finland have dropped joined-up handwriting lessons in schools____43____ typing courses. And in the US, the requirement to learn cursive has been left out of core standards since 2013. A few US states still place value on formative cursive education, such as Arizona, but they' re not the____44____.
Some experts point out that writing lessons can have indirect____45____. Anne Trubek, author of The History and Uncertain Future of Handwriting, argues that such lessons can reinforce a skill called automaticity. That’s when you've perfected a task, and can do it almost without thinking, ____46____ you extra mental bandwidth to think about or do other things while you’re doing the task. In this sense, Trubek likens handwriting to____47____.
“Once you have driven for a while, you don't____48____ think ‘Step on gas now’ [or] ‘Turn the steering wheel a bit’,” she explains. “You just do it. That's what we want children to____49____ when learning to write. You and I don't think ‘now make a loop going up for the ‘1’- or "now look for the letter 'r' on the keyboard. Trubek has written many essays and books on handwriting, and she doesn't believe it will die out for a very 1ong time, “if ever”. But she believes students are learning automaticity faster with keyboards than with handwriting: students are learning how to type without looking at the keys at____50____ ages , and to type faster than they could write, granting them extra time to think about word choice or sentence structure. In a piece penned (if you'll pardon the expression) for the New York Times last year, Trubek argued that due to the improved automaticity of keyboards, today's children may well become better communicators in text as____51____ takes up less of their education. This is a(n) ____52____ that has attracted both criticism and support.
She explains that two of the most common arguments she hears from detractors regarding the decline of handwriting is that not____53____ it will result in a “loss of history” and a “loss of personal touch”.
On the former she____54____ that 95% of handwritten manuscripts can't be read by the average person anyway — “that's why we have paleographers,” she explains, paleography being the study of ancient styles of writing — while the latter refers to the warm____55____ we give to handwritten personal notes, such as thank-you cards. Some educators seem to agree, at least to an extent, (466 words)
（ ）41. A. abandons B. dominates C. enters D. absorbs
（ ）42. A. compulsory B. opposite C. crucial D. relevant
（ ）43. A. in want of B. in case of
C. in favour of D. in addition to
（ ）44. A. quantity B. minimum C. quality D. majority
（ ）45. A. responsibility B. benefits
C. resources D. structure
（ ）46. A. granting B. getting C. bringing D. coming
（ ）47. A. sleeping B. driving C. reviewing D. operating
（ ）48. A. eventually B. constantly
C. equivalently D. consciously
（ ）49. A. adopt B. reach C. acquire D. activate
（ ）50. A. slower B. later C. faster D. earlier
（ ）51. A. handwriting B. adding C. forming D. understanding
（ ）52. A. trust B. look C. view D. smile
（ ）53. A. containing B. spreading C. choosing D. protecting
（ ）54. A. commits B. counters C. completes D. composes
（ ）55. A. associations B. resources
C. procedures D. іntеraсtіonѕ
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)
The Work You Do, the Person You Are

All I had to do for the two dollars was clean Her house for a few hours after school. It was a beautiful house, too, with a plastic-covered sofa and chairs, wall-to-wall blue-and-white carpeting, a white enamel stove, a washing machine and a dryer — things that were common in Her neighborhood, absent in mine. In the middle of the war, she had butter, sugar, steaks, and seam-up-the-back stockings.
I knew how to scrub floors on my knees and how to wash clothes in our zinc tub, but I had never seen a Hoover vacuum cleaner or an iron that wasn't heated by fire.
Part of my pride in working for Her was earning money I could squander: o