六年级英语阅读理解应试技巧.doc

六年级英语阅读理解应试技巧
阅读是增长知识获取信息的主要途径，阅读能力是英语教学的重点。
　　近年来，注重对阅读理解能力的考核已成为小升初的一大趋势。阅读理解能力影响并制约听、说、读、写能力的形成和发展，英语教学大纲也把培养阅读能力作为一个主要的教学目标。要做好阅读理解，应从以下几方面入手。
　　分门别类识别文体
　　随着信息时代的到来，阅读内容更趋于信息化、时代化，突破了单一的故事、寓言等题材，内容涉及新闻、广告、科普、医疗、教育等，文章的体裁也从记叙扩大到产品说明、逻辑推理及实际应用等文体。不同的文体阅读的要求与方法不尽相同。
　　记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等；议论文是阐明作者对人或事好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论；应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。
　　统览全篇摘录要点
　　阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。
　　如某试卷C篇阅读并回答问题中，通过对全篇的布局谋篇以及问题的设置看到的不是片言只语，而从中感悟到人文思想的体现，人类和自然界生态相辅相成的关系，从而得出第6小题：From the passage, we learn that＿＿＿.答案为B。
　　即：The rainforest people have done something to protect their home.
　　在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。统览全篇，摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。
　　开动脑筋推测词意
　　英语学科教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料，换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下的几种方法完成内化过程：
　　根据上下文猜测词意
　　如某模拟题，阅读B篇中passed away，根据上文的An illness had kept the boy home.和下文写给Rick的信中可以猜测出意为"去世"。
　　根据构词法猜测词意
　　前缀un-表反义词，如：happy－－unhappy，fair－－unfair，important－－unimportant等。
　　后缀-ment表名词，如：develop－－development，state－－statement，argue－－argument等。
　　后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如：calculate－－calculator，visit－－-visitor，law－－lawyer，wai－－waiter，science－－scientist，art－－artist等。
　　用知识和生活经验理解短文
　　如：根据化学知识，可以理解科普读物Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen.根据生活经验可以理解Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.
　　根据逻辑推理理解短文
　　逻辑推理实际上就是文章的"弦外之音"、"言下之意"。如：某试卷阅读C篇回答问题中，根据：Have the police taken your driving licence away, too?可以推断问题6：Why was the other man riding a bicycle instead of diving a car?的答案为：Because the police had take his driving license away.
　　再如：Then they cam e to the second picture. The assistant was going to draw the cloth as he did before. As soon as he touched the cloth，he cried, Wonderful It's the best picture I have ever seen!据此可以推断出第二张画画的是一块布。
　　条分缕析理解长句
　　长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一，长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次，先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句或短语等。如：Parents whose children show a special interesting particular sport have a difficult decision to make about their children's career.先找出本句的主、谓、宾为Parents have a cession.再找出修饰语Whose children show a special interesting particular sport.为Parents的定语从句，difficult修饰decision，to make about their children's careers为不定式做decision的定语。经过分析，化整为零，化繁为简，此句就不难理解了。

二、阅读理解
2．阅读理解阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。
    Today is Saturday. It's a nice day. John and Jim go to a nature park. There is a big forest in the park. There is a beautiful lake near the forest and they can see some fish in it. There is a bridge over the river. They take some pictures on the bridge. There is a mountain in the park. They want to climb mountains, but they have no time.
（1）John and Jim go to a nature ________today.
（2）There is a beautiful lake ________the forest in the park.
（3）John and Jim see some fish ________ the lake.
（4）John and Jim take pictures on the ________.
（5）They want to ________ mountains, but they have no time.
【答案】 （1）park
（2）near
（3）in
（4）bridge
（5）climb
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】这是介绍John和Jim去自然公园的情况。
（1）根据短文叙述  John and Jim go to a nature park.  （John和Jim去了自然公园。）可知应填park。故答案为：park。
（2）根据短文叙述 There is a beautiful lake near the forest and they can see some fish in it.  （在森林旁边有一个美丽的湖，他们可以看到里面有一些鱼。）可知应填near。故答案为：near。
（3）根据短文叙述 There is a beautiful lake near the forest and they can see some fish in it.  （在森林旁边有一个美丽的湖，他们可以看到里面有一些鱼。）可知应填fish。故答案为：fish。
（4）根据短文叙述 They take some pictures on the bridge. （他们在桥上拍了一些照片。）可知应填bridge。故答案为：bridge。
（5）根据短文叙述 They want to climb mountains, but they have no time. （他们想要爬山，但是他们没有时间。）可知应填climb。故答案为：climb。
【点评】这是考查阅读理解的题目。首先仔细阅读短文，然后根据短文叙述来补全句子。

3．阅读理解阅读短文，判断下列句子与短文内容是否一致
    Western people like to say "Thank you" when other people help them or say something kind to them. "Please" and "Thank you" are magic words that can show your good manners. You should say "Thank you" when someone passes you something. You should say "Thank you" too when someone walks ahead of you and keeps the door open for you. And also, when someone says you have done your work well, or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very beautiful, you would say "Thank you". The magic words are not only for your friends, but also for your family.
    "Excuse me is another way to show your good manner. When you hear someone say "Excuse me" behind you, you will know somebody wants to pass by you without touching you. If some people are talking, it's impolite to interrupt them. You'd better say the magic words first, and then begin talking.
    Let's say more about these magic words "Thank you" "please" and "Excuse me" in our life.
（1）Western people like to say "Thank you" when other people help them or say something kind to them.
（2）"Please" and "Thank you" are magic words that can show your good manners.
（3）"Excuse me" is another way to show your good manner.
（4）If some people are talking, you can interrupt them.
（5）Let's say more about these magic words "Thank you" "please" and "Excuse me" in our life.
【答案】 （1）1
（2）1
（3）1
（4）0
（5）1
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了西方人礼貌用语和行为。
（1）句意：西方人喜欢在别人帮助他们或对他们说好话时说“谢谢你”。根据 Western people like to say "Thank you" when other people help them or say something kind to them. 可知西方人喜欢在别人帮助他们或对他们说好话时说“谢谢你”。，故答案为正确。
（2）句意：“拜托”和“谢谢”是能显示你礼貌的神奇词语。根据 "Please" and "Thank you" are magic words that can show your good manners. 可知拜托”和“谢谢”是能显示你礼貌的神奇词语。故答案为正确。
（3）句意：“对不起”是另一种表现你良好举止的方式。根据   "Excuse me is another way to show your good manner. 可知“对不起”，是另一种表现你良好举止的方式。故答案为正确。
（4）句意：如果有人在说话，你可以打断他们。根据 If some people are talking, it's impolite to interrupt them. 可知如果有人在说话，打断他们是不礼貌的，故答案为错误。
（5）句意：让我们多说一些生活中的“谢谢你”、“请”和“对不起”这两个神奇的词。根据   Let's say more about these magic words "Thank you" "please" and "Excuse me" in our life. 可知让我们多说一些生活中的“谢谢你”、“请”和“对不起”这两个神奇的词，故答案为正确。
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。

4．阅读理解阅读短文，判断下列句子与短文内容是否一致
    Western people like to say "Thank you" when other people help them or say something kind to them. "Please" and "Thank you" are magic words that can show your good manners. You should say "Thank you" when someone passes you something. You should say "Thank you" too when someone walks ahead of you and keeps the door open for you. And also, when someone says you have done your work well, or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very beautiful, you would say "Thank you". The magic words are not only for your friends, but also for your family.
    "Excuse me is another way to show your good manner. When you hear someone say "Excuse me" behind you, you will know somebody wants to pass by you without touching you. If some people are talking, it's impolite to interrupt them. You'd better say the magic words first, and then begin talking.
    Let's say more about these magic words "Thank you" "please" and "Excuse me" in our life.
（1）Western people like to say "Thank you" when other people help them or say something kind to them.
（2）"Please" and "Thank you" are magic words that can show your good manners.
（3）"Excuse me" is another way to show your good manner.
（4）If some people are talking, you can interrupt them.
（5）Let's say more about these magic words "Thank you" "please" and "Excuse me" in our life.
【答案】 （1）1
（2）1
（3）1
（4）0
（5）1
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了西方人礼貌用语和行为。
（1）句意：西方人喜欢在别人帮助他们或对他们说好话时说“谢谢你”。根据 Western people like to say "Thank you" when other people help them or say something kind to them. 可知西方人喜欢在别人帮助他们或对他们说好话时说“谢谢你”。，故答案为正确。
（2）句意：“拜托”和“谢谢”是能显示你礼貌的神奇词语。根据 "Please" and "Thank you" are magic words that can show your good manners. 可知拜托”和“谢谢”是能显示你礼貌的神奇词语。故答案为正确。
（3）句意：“对不起”是另一种表现你良好举止的方式。根据   "Excuse me is another way to show your good manner. 可知“对不起”，是另一种表现你良好举止的方式。故答案为正确。
（4）句意：如果有人在说话，你可以打断他们。根据 If some people are talking, it's impolite to interrupt them. 可知如果有人在说话，打断他们是不礼貌的，故答案为错误。
（5）句意：让我们多说一些生活中的“谢谢你”、“请”和“对不起”这两个神奇的词。根据   Let's say more about these magic words "Thank you" "please" and "Excuse me" in our life. 可知让我们多说一些生活中的“谢谢你”、“请”和“对不起”这两个神奇的词，故答案为正确。
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。

5．阅读理解阅读理解，判断句子正误
    Hi. My name is Zhangpeng. I'm 11 years old. I'm 1.62 metres tall. I'm 45 kilo-grams. I like drawing pictures. Every morning, I go to school with my good friend, Dongdong. We go on foot. Dongdong is 11 years old. He's 2 kilograms heavier than me. But I'm 3 cm taller than him. We study in No. 1 Primary School. Wenwen is my sister. We're in the same (一样) school. She's one year older than me. She likes sports. She is taller and stronger than me. She loves me and I love her, too.
（1）Zhang Peng is 1.62 metres.
（2）Zhang Peng is older than Dongdong.
（3）Dongdong is 2 kilograms heavier than Zhang Peng.
（4）Wenwen is 2 years older than Dongdong.
（5）Wenwen is stronger and taller than Zhang Peng.
【答案】 （1）1
（2）0
（3）1
（4）0
（5）1
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍张鹏，东东和雯雯情况的短文。
（1）句意：张鹏1.62米高。根据短文叙述 I'm 1.62 metres tall.  （我1.62米高。）可知题目叙述正确。故答案为：正确。
（2）句意：张鹏比东东年龄大。根据短文叙述  I'm 11 years old. （我11岁了。）和 Dongdong is 11 years old. （东东11岁了。）可知两人同岁。题目叙述错误。故答案为：错误。
（3）句意：东东比张鹏重2公斤。根据短文叙述 He's 2 kilograms heavier than me. （他比我重2公斤。）可知题目叙述正确。故答案为：正确。
（4）句意：雯雯比东东大2岁。根据短文叙述 I'm 11 years old. （我11岁了。）和Dongdong is 11 years old. （东东11岁了。）和 She's one year older than me.  （她比我大1岁。）可知大一岁。题目叙述错误。故答案为：错误。
（5）句意：雯雯比张鹏既壮又高。根据短文叙述 She is taller and stronger than me. （她比我既壮又高。）可知题目叙述正确。故答案为：正确。
【点评】这是考查阅读理解的题目。首先仔细阅读短文，然后根据短文叙述来判断正误。

6．阅读理解根据短文内容判断正误。
    I get up at six thirty in the morning. Then I wash my face and brush my teeth. I go to school at seven thirty. I go to school by bus. Classes begin at eight. We have six lessons every day. We have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. Classes are over at four thirty. After school, we clean our classroom. Then we go home.
    I get home at five. We have dinner at six thirty. After dinner, I do my homework. I go to bed at nine or ten.
（1）I go to school by bus.
（2）We have seven lessons every day.
（3）After school, we play games.
（4）We have dinner at 5:30.
（5）I go to bed at nine or ten.
【答案】 （1）1
（2）0
（3）0
（4）0
（5）1
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了我一天是日常生活。
（1）句意：我乘公共汽车上学。根据 I go to school by bus. 可知我乘公共汽车上学，故答案为正确。
（2）句意：我们每天有七节课。根据 We have six lessons every day. 可知我们每天有六节课，故答案为错误。
（3）句意：放学后，我们玩游戏。根据 After school, we clean our classroom. Then we go home. 可知放学后我们打扫教室，然后回家，故答案为错误。
（4）句意：我们5:30吃饭。根据 We have dinner at six thirty. 可知我们6:30吃饭，故答案为错误。
（5）句意：我九点或十点睡觉。根据 I go to bed at nine or ten. 可知我九点或十点睡觉，故答案为正确。
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。

7．阅读理解阅读短文，判断句子正误。
    Yesterday was 18h March. It was Sunday. My friend Han Mei was very busy. In the morning she got up early, and then helped her mother water the flowers and clean their rooms. After lunch she slept for an hour and then did her homework for two hours. She went out and played games with her friends at about 4:30 pm. In the evening she felt very tired and went to bed at 8:00 pm.
（1）Yesterday Han Mei was very busy and tired.
（2）Yesterday morning Han Mei watched TV for two hours.
（3）Han Mei helped her mother water the flowers in the afternoon.
（4）Han Mei didn't get up early.
（5）Han Mei played games with her friends yesterday afternoon.
【答案】 （1）1
（2）0
（3）0
（4）0
（5）1
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了3月18日韩梅很忙，早上她帮妈妈浇花和打扫房间，午饭做了两个小时的家庭作业，下午4点半左右，和朋友们玩游戏，晚上8点就上床睡觉了。
（1）句意：昨天韩梅又忙又累。根据Yesterday was 18h March. My friend Han Mei was very busy. 可知昨天韩梅又忙又累。故答案为正确。
（2）句意：昨天早上韩梅看了两个小时的电视。根据 After lunch she slept for an hour and then did her homework for two hours. 可知韩梅做了两个小时的家庭作业。故答案为错误。
（3）句意：韩梅下午帮妈妈浇花。根据 In the morning she got up early, and then helped her mother water the flowers and clean their rooms. 可知韩梅上午帮妈妈浇花。故答案为错误。
（4）句意：韩梅起得不早。根据 In the morning she got up early, and then helped her mother water the flowers and clean their rooms. 可知韩梅早晨起得很早。故答案为错误。
（5）句意：韩梅昨天下午和朋友们玩游戏。根据 She went out and played games with her friends at about 4:30 pm. 可知韩梅昨天下午和朋友们玩游戏。故答案为正确。
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误

8．阅读理解阅读短文，补全句子。
    I had a great holiday. Every day I had fun with my friends. On Monday we went to a Western restaurant. We ate good food. On Tuesday we sang and danced in the park. On Wednesday we swam in the sea. On Thursday we climbed a mountain with Peter.
（1）On Monday we went to ________and ate ________.
（2）On Tuesday we ________ and ________ in the ________.
（3）On Wednesday we________.
（4）On Thursday we ________ with Peter.
【答案】 （1）a Western restaurant；ate good food
（2）sang；danced；park
（3）swam in the sea
（4）climbed a mountain
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】这是介绍作者假期活动的短文。
（1）根据短文叙述  On Monday we went to a Western restaurant. We ate good food. （周一我们去了一家西餐厅。我们吃了美食。）可知应填 a Western restaurant 和 ate good food 。故答案为：a Western restaurant ， ate good food 。
（2）根据短文叙述 On Tuesday we sang and danced in the park. （周二我们在公园里唱歌跳舞。）可知应填sang， danced和park。故答案为：sang， danced，park。
（3）根据短文叙述 On Wednesday we swam in the sea. （周三我们在大海里游泳。）可知应填swam in the sea。故答案为： swam in the sea 。
（4）根据短文叙述 On Thursday we climbed a mountain with Peter. （周四我们和Peter一起爬山。）可知应填 climbed a mountain 。故答案为： climbed a mountain 。
【点评】这是考查阅读理解的题目。仔细阅读短文，然后根据短文的相关句子补全句子。

9．阅读理解根据短文内容，判断正误。
    Everybody wants to be healthy. You know food is very important. There are many healthy foods. You can have more bananas, apples, oranges and tomatoes because fruits and vegetables are good for you. But don't eat too much chocolate and meat. They are not good for you. Healthy food can make you grow and make you strong and happy. Remember there is a saying. "An apple a day keeps the doctor away." Sports can also keep you healthy. Get up early and do some sports every day. Don't be lazy! You will be healthy and happy.
（1）Food is very important for us to keep healthy.
（2）We shouldn't eat chocolate or meat.
（3）Healthy food can help us grow and make us strong and happy.
（4）"An apple a day keeps the doctor away." means "Doctors don't like apples."
（5）Doing sports is also good for our health.
【答案】 （1）1
（2）0
（3）1
（4）0
（5）1
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍健康饮食。
（1）句意：食物对我们保持健康很重要。根据 Everybody wants to be healthy. You know food is very important.可知食物对我们保持健康很重要。故答案为：正确。
（2）句意：我们不应该吃巧克力和肉。根据But don't eat too much chocolate and meat.可知我们不能吃太多的巧克力和肉。故答案为：错误。
（3）句意：健康的食物能帮助我们成长健壮和开心。根据Healthy food can make you grow and make you strong and happy.可知健康的食物能帮助我们成长健壮和开心。故答案为：正确。
（4）句意： “一天一苹果，医生远离我。”意思是“医生不喜欢苹果”。根据生活常识可知苹果是健康的食物，每天一个苹果有利于健康，故答案为：错误。
（5）句意：做运动对我们的健康有好处。根据Sports can also keep you healthy.可知运动也能保持健康，故答案为：正确。
【点评】考查阅读理解，浏览文章大意把握细节。答题时，紧扣文章中的关键词，做出正确判断。