七年级英语语法大全.doc

七年级英语语法大全
一．动词be〔is,am,are〕的用法
我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否认，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。
二．this，that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如：
This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处) That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)
(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that。如：This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。
(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。如：This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。
(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如：This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。
(6)打 时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如：
—Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗？—Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的，我是，你是谁？
注意：虽然汉语中使用“我〞和“你〞，但英语中打 时绝不可以说：I am…, Are you…？/Who are you?
(7)在答复this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如：
①—Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗？—Yes, it is. 是的，它是。
②—What’s that? 那是什么？—It’s a kite. 是只风筝。
 三．these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。
②These pictures are good. 那些画很好。
③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗？
在答复主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以防止重复。如：
④Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗？
Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。
 四．不定冠词a和an
a和an都是不定冠词，表示一(个，支，本，块……)的意思，但不强调数量概念，而是强调类别，用来限定名词。a用在辅音素开头的单数名词前，如：a pencil(一支铅笔)，a book(一本书)；an用在元音音素开头的名词前，如an eraser(一块橡皮)。如果名词前有修饰语，用a还是用an，那么以该修饰语的第一音素决定用a还是用an。如：a clock  一座钟   an old clock  一座旧钟  a book  一本书  an English book  一本英语书a nice apple  一个得意的苹果 an apple   一个苹果
五．名词＋’s所有格

名词＋’s所有格
 单数名词后直接加 “ ’s 〞Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈
 以s结尾的复数名词，只加“’〞Teachers’ Day教师节 the twins’ books双胞胎的书
 不以s结尾的不规那么的名词复数，加“ ’s 〞Children’s Day 儿童节 men’s shoes男式鞋
 表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加’s表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加’sLucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈)
Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间〔各自的房间，两间房子〕
  六．There be句型
(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处〔某时〕有某人〔某物〕。〞其根本构造为“There be＋某物〔某人〕＋某地〔某时〕〞其中there是引导词，没有词义；主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词，在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there     be句型构造：
There be放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。如：There is a book on the desk.
有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。如：On the desk there is a book.
(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢？请先看看下面这首歌诀：
Be动词，有三个，am，is还有are。“There be〞真特别，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are。要用is还是are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。假设是单数或不可数名词用is，否那么就用are。如：
①There is a tree behind the house.②There is some water〔水〕in the bottle〔瓶子〕.③There are some pears in the box.
(3)注意：如果“be〞后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻〞的原那么。也就是说，“be〞的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。假设那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are。如：①There is a book and some pens on the floor. ②There are some pens and a book on the floor.
实用文档.
 七．like一词的用法
like用作及物动词，译为“喜欢〞。(1)后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物。如：
I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。
(2)后接动名词(v. -ing)，表示“喜欢做某事〞，着重于习惯、爱好。如：
Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。
(3)后接动词不定式(to do )，表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事〞，着重于某次具体的行为。如：
I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视。
 八．．句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素
(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you，she,he,it→ they。：She is a girl. →They are girls.
(2)am，is要变为are。如：I’m a student. →We are students.
(3)不定冠词a，an要去掉。如：He is a boy. →They are boys.
(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：It is an apple. →They are apples.
(5)指示代词this，that要变为these，those。如：This is a box. →These are boxes.
 九．英语日期的表示法
英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词。
用英语表示日期，其顺序为月+日+年，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：August 2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如：10th May，2003(2003年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用：假设指在哪一年或哪一月，那么用介词in，假设具体到某一天，那么需用介词on。
 ①She was born in 1989  ②She was born in August.  ③She was born in August 1989.④She was born on 2nd August, 1989.
十.名词复数：
在英语里面，名词分可数名词〔countable noun〕和不可数名词〔uncountable noun〕，不可数名词没有单复数之分，用时只当单数词用；可数名词有单复数之分，一个的前面要用a或an，eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card，而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化，情况如下：
(1)    特殊词，特殊变化，需单独记：、
child→children，man→men，foot→feet，woman→women tooth→teeth，sheep→sheep，deer→deer
(2)一般的词在单数词后直接+“s〞: book→books，pen→pens，car→cars，map→maps，cartoon→cartoons
(3)以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词+“es〞 box→boxes，watch→watches
(4)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y〞，改成“i〞，再加“es〞 family→families，comedy→comedies
(5)以f或fe结尾的词，先去掉f或fe，改成“v〞再加es knife→knives，wife→wives，handkerchief→handkerchieves
 十一.时间的表达法
(1)    直读式，即直接读出时间数字 7: 05    seven five    8:16  eight sixteen
(2)    过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。〔以30分为分界限〕
1:25  twenty-five past one    2:30  half past two
3:43  seventeen to four       4:38  twenty-two to five
(3)12小时制 6:00 a.m.  上午6点         8:20 p.m.  下午8点20分
(4)24小时制 13:00  13点钟              22:15  22点15分
(5)15分可用quarter 4:15  a quarter past four     5:45  a quarter to six
(6)时间前通常用at. at 5 o’clock    at 7:30 p.m.
 十二.关于时间的问法
(1)以when提问,“什么时候〞可以是较长的时间段，也可以是较短的时间点
①When is your birthday?    你的生日是什么时候？   ②My birthday is Dec. 29th.  我的生日是12月29日。
这里就是指一天的时间段
①When do you go home?    你几点回家？ ②I go home at 4:30 p.m.   我下午4：30回家.
这里when问的是具体的时间。(2)具体几点我们通常用what time提问
①What time is it now? 现在几点了？  or   What’s the time?  几点了？It’s 9:26.   现在九点二十六。
②What time is it by your watch?    你手表几点了？It’s 8:36. Oh, It’s 50 minutes late  8:36，哦，它慢了50分钟。
③What time do you get up?        你几点起床？I get up at 6:00 a.m.             我早上6点起床。
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
1、be/come from:来自2、live in Paris:住在巴黎 3、write to me soon:快点给我写信 4、play sports:运动
5、speak a little French:讲一点法语 6、like going to the movies with my friends喜欢和我朋友去看电影
7、tell sb about...告诉某人关于8、an interesting country: 一个有趣的国家 9、in November在十一月
11、like playing sports喜欢做运动 12、her favorite language她最喜欢的语言 13、write to Tom写信给汤姆 14、Jolie’s pen pal：朱利的笔友 15、likes and dislikes:好恶、爱憎
三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。
实用文档.
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 
4 Australia----Australian--- English 5 the United States--- American--- English 6 the United Kingdom---British--- Enghish
 Unit 2 Where’s the post office?
一． Asking ways: (问路)1． Where is (the nearest) ……？ 〔最近的〕……在哪里？2． Can you tell me the way to ……？ 你能告诉我去……的路吗？3． How can I get to ……？ 我怎样到达……呢？4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗？5． Which is the way to ……？ 哪条是去……的路？
二．Showing the ways: 〔指路〕
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。〔You’d better+动词原形〕
三．词组1. across from 2. next to3. between……and 4. in front of/in the front of5. behind6. turn left/ right/ on the left/right of / on one’s left/right7. go straight 8. down /along9. in the neighborhood=near here10 welcome to11. take /have a walk12. at the beginning of13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 14. have a good trip 15. take a taxi 16. 到达：get to +地方　arrive in +大地方arrive at +小地方  reach +地方 17．go across /go through 18．on + 街道的名称at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一．重点词组1、let sb do sth. 2、kind of=a bit =a little 稍微、有点6、对某人友好：be friendly to sb 7、和某人友好相处：be friendly with sb 8、like doing sth /like to do sth 10、保持安静：be/keep quiet 11、在白天：during/in the day 12、在晚上：at night=in the night 13、每天：every day 14、每天的、日常的：everyday 15、和朋友一起玩：play with one's friends 18、起床：get up 19、吃叶子：eat leavies
二. 交际用语
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting. 4. What other animals do you like?
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一．短语：1、他是干什么的？： What does he do?=what's he?=What's his job? 2、和某人一起工作：work with sb
3、在哪里工做：work at/in..4、为谁工作：work for... 5、给某人某物：give sth to sb=give sb sth
6、从谁那里得到、、、、：get sth from ....7、穿着白色的制服：wear a white uniform〔状态8、穿上你的衣服：put on your coat〔动作〕9、有点危险：kind of dangerous 10、两个小偷：two thieves 11、和某人交谈：talk to/with sb 12、谈论、、、、、：talk about sb/sth 13、问某人问题：ask sb questions 14、工作得晚：work late 15、做某事迟到：be late for sth. 16、出去就餐：go out to dinners18、忙于做、、、： be busy with sth=be busy doing sth 19、对、、感兴趣：be/become interested in....20、一个有趣的工作：an interesting job 21、努力工作：work hard 22、艰辛的工作：hard work 23、一项适合你的工作：a job for you 29、 想要做……：want to do... 30、招聘广告：want ads 31、其他年轻人：other young people 32、参加校园剧的演出：be in the school play 33、需要一名医生：need a doctor 34、售货员，店员： sales assistant 37、 害怕，恐怕…： be afraid of 42、出去：go out 44、尽可能快地：as soon as possible 46、数钱：count money 47、有点儿危险：kind of dangerous 51、在将来：in the future
二．重点句式及本卷须知：
1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what；有三种主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?② What + does/ do + sb + do?③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job? 2 People give me their money or get their money from me.3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.4 I like talking to people.5 I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.6 Where does your sister work?7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
Unit 5 I’m watching TV (现在进展时)
Ⅱ现在进展时时间状语及标志性词① now 现在② at this time 在这时③ at the moment 现在④ look 看〔后面有明显的“！〞〕⑤ listen 听〔后面有明显的“！〞〕
二．短语：1．do one’s homework 做某人的作业do housework 做家务2．talk on the phone 在 里交谈3．write a letter 写信=write a letter to sb 给某人写信4．play with…… 和……一起玩5．watch TV　看电视/TV show 6．wait for sb/sth 等待某人/某物7．some of…… ……中的一些9．at the mall 在购物街at/in the library 在图书室at/in the pool 在游泳池10．read a book = read books = do some reading看书＼阅读11．thanks for = thank you for　为某事而感谢〔后接v－ing〕
Unit 6 It’s raining!
一．短语：2 take photos/ pictures of sb/ sth　给某人或某物照相 4 work for sb / sth　为某人工作5 on vacation　度假6 some----others---　一些..另外一些../one…the others….一个..另一个..两者之间8 on the beach　在沙滩上9 this group of people　这一群人10. in this heat 在这么热的时候
实用文档.
二．重点句型
1 询问天气情况的句式：(横线内容可替换)① How is the weather in Beijing? (How is the weather today?)② What’s the weather like in Beijing? ( What’s the weather like today?)
2 答复上面问题的句式：①It’s + adj. (形容词) Eg: It’s windy.
3 How’s it going (with you)?① Not bad.② Great!③ Terrible!④ Pretty good.
4 Thank you for joining CCTV’s Around The Word show.5 I am surprised they can play in this heat.
6 Everyone is having a good time.7 People are wearing hats and scarfs.
Unit7 What does he look like?
一．短语
1 look like 看起来像....2 curly /short/straight/long hair 卷／短／直发3 medium height/build 中等高度／身体4 a little bit 一点儿6 have a new look 呈现新面貌 7 go shopping (do some shopping) 去购物
8 the captain of the basketball team　篮球队队长9 be popular with sb 为---所喜爱10 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事11 stop doing sth 停顿正在做的事情13 have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事14 remember ( forget) to do sth 记得〔忘记〕做某事〔没有做的〕15 remember (forget) doing sth 记得〔忘记〕做过某事〔已做〕16 one of +名词复数--- ---中的一个
三．重点句子
1 What does/ do +主语 + look like? 询问某人的外貌特征，看上去什么样？
2 形容头发时， 可按照先长短，后曲直，最后说颜色的顺序说Eg: She has long curly black hair.
3 one of + 名词复数，谓语动词要用“单三〞形式。Eg: One of his friends is a worker.
4 不定代词做主语时，谓语动词要用“单三〞形式。Eg: I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
5．He is …(通常为形容词，包括身高、体形等)He has…〔通常为头发、五官〕
6．I don’t think…的用法表达否认的看
1．　beef and tomato n法　I don’t think she is good-looking.
 Unit 8 I＇d like some noodles
一． 2．would like to do sth \want to do sth 想要作某事3．what kind of noodles什么种类的面条4．what size bowl of noodles什么大小碗型的面5．a large＼medium\small bowl of noodles 大＼中＼小碗的面6．ice cream　冰淇淋　orange juice桔汁　green tea绿茶　RMB人民币phone number
Unit 9 How was your weekend
1. play +运动 play soccer /tennis / sports  play the + 乐器　play the guitar  play with…和某人＼物玩耍
2．have +三餐　have breakfast \lunch \ supper 3. study for…4. clean the room 5.visit sb 6.stay at home
4．go to the beach\ go to the movies\ go for a walk\5．go shopping\do some shopping \go to the shop 买东西7．on +某日＋morning\afternoon\evening in+年＼月＼季节　at +时刻　8．what about＋n\v-ing\pren=how about ……呢9. spend the weekend last week 度过上周的周末10．it’s time to do sth＝it’s time for sth 该做么的时候了11．look for　寻找．．．．．(find 找到 find out 查明)
二，重点句型和语法
1．一般过去时 yesterday ,last week(month,year)， ago，the day before yesterday
2. what’s the date today? It’s … 3.what day is it today?4. What’s the weather like today? 5. How was your weekend? 8．It’s time to go home= It’s time for home
 Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?
1.go on vacation　go to summer camp　stay at home study for exams　Central Park　show sth to sb
.help him find his father　walk back to…　go shopping the Palace Museum　think of　have fun doing sth .bus trip　the Great Wall　Tian’an Men Square make sb do sth .decide to do sth　all day 
 二．重点句子和本卷须知
1．Where did you go on vacation? I went to summer camp.
5． find sb. doing sth. 发现某人在干某事　find sb. do sth. 发现某人干过某事(watch /hear/see)
6． in the corner 在角落里〔指在建筑物里面〕at the corner 在拐角处〔指在建筑物外面或道路的拐角〕
7． be lost 迷路了＝get lost , lost (adj.)8． help sb. (to) do sth.＝help sb with(doing) sth 帮助某人干某事
9. make sb. do sth. 让／使某人干某事 let / have sb. do sth. 11. decide to do sth. 决定干某事
Uint 11 What do you think of game shows?
1．TV shows〔电视节目〕soap opera 2.a thirteen - year - old boy.一个十三岁的男孩 4． wear colorful clothes.穿着颜色鲜艳的衣服 5． interview sb. 采访某人　in fact. 实际上6 think of 想起，考虑到7. can’t stand (can’t help doing) 8. mind doing
Unit 12 Don't eat in class.
1. in class 在课上　2. on school nights 在上学的晚上　3. school rules 校规4. no talking 制止交谈　5. listen to music 听音乐　6. have to 不得不 7. take my dog for a walk 带狗去散步　8. eat outside 在外面吃饭 9. in the hallway 在走廊上　10. wear a uniform 穿制服　11. arrive late for class 上学迟到　12. after school 放学后　17. be in bed 在床上　13. practice the guitar 练习弹吉它　14. in the cafeteria 在自助食堂里 15. meet my friends 和我朋友见面　16. by ten o'clock.十点之前　18. the Children's Palace 少年宫　19. help my mom make dinner 帮助我妈做饭
实用文档.
三． 重难点解析：
1. 情态动词have to 的用法，意思是"必须、不得不"，４. be in bed "在床上、卧床 ５. arrive late for 与be late for 意思相近，"迟到 ６. No talking ! "制止交谈！"no后面加上名词或动名词〔doing〕也表示不要做某事。与don't +do的用法相似。No wet umbrellas! / Don't put wet umbrellas here! 制止放湿雨伞！
7．语法〔祈使句〕
祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子，祈使句的开头是动词原形。
如：Look out! 小心！Wait here for me! 在这等我！Be sure to come here on time! 务必准时来到这里！
祈使句的否认形式多以do not〔常缩写成don't〕开头，再加上动词原形。
Don't arrive late for school. 上学别迟到。Don't fight! 别打架！ Don't look out of the window. 不要向窗外看。
初一英语时态专题复习
一、 一般现在时：〔1、现在的状态。2、经常或习惯性动作。3、主语所具备的性格和能力。4、真理。〕
1、标志：often〔经常〕,usually〔通常〕,sometimes〔有时〕,always〔总是〕,never〔从不〕,
on Sundays〔在星期天〕, every day/month/year〔每一天/月/年〕
2、构造：
〔1〕主语+连系动词be(am/is/are)+名词/形容词/数词/介词短语/副词等做表语表状态〔包括There be +n.〕
练习：1.I______(be) a student. My name_____(be) Tom. 2. Where _____(be) my shoes? They___(be) here.
3.Who ____(be) the girl with long straight hair? I think she ___(be) Kate . 4. You and I ___(not be) in Class Six.
5.___(be) there a supermarket on the Fifth Avenue? Yes, there_____(be). 6. ____ her parent tall? No, he____.
〔2〕主语〔非第三人称单数〕+行为动词原形+其他 〔用助动词do 帮助构成否认句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问〕
〔3〕主语〔第三人称单数〕+行为动词的第三人称单数+其他〔用助动词does 帮助构成否认句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句〕行为动词第三人称单数加-s的形式1.- s 2. 辅音+y: study-studies 3.以s,x,ch,sh结尾watch-watches teach-teaches4特殊have-has do-does go-goes
.1)His parents _______(watch) TV every night. 肯定句 1) My brother _________(do) homework every day.
2)His parents _________(not watch) every night.否认句2)My brother________(not do)homework every day.
3)_____his parents_____(watch) TV every night?一般疑3)______ your brother _____ homework every day?
Yes, they _______. No, they _______.