2023年全国4月自学考试英语国家概况试题及答案.doc

全国2023年4月自学考试英语国家概况试题课程代码：00522I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, 1 point for each)1._ is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain.A. IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. Scotland2._ , King of Wessex, is known as “the father of British Navy” who founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea.A. AlfredB. HenryC. EdwardD. William3. The _ Conquest in 1066 is perhaps the best known event in English history.A. RomanB. VikingC. Anglo-SaxonD. Norman4. _was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas in the 14th century.A. CholeraB. MalariaC. Black DeathD. Yellow Fever5. The name Wars of Roses was, in fact, coined by the great 19th century novelist_.A. Walter ScottB. Ben JohnsonC. Francis BaconD. Edmund Spenser6. Winston Churchill was heavily defeated at the general election of 1945 because _.A. he did not act as a great war leaderB. he failed to lead his country to victoryC. people wanted Britain to return to the politics of the 1920s and 30sD. the Conservative Partys traditional principles seemed old-fashioned7._ overthrew the feudal system in England and is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.A. Puritan RevolutionB. The War of RosesC. The English Civil WarD. The Glorious Revolution8. The British Monarchy has been in existence for more than 1,000 years going back to at least the _ century.A. 8thB. 9thC. 10thD. 11th9. In the line of succession to the throne, _ have precedence over other candidates (heirs).A. the monarchs sonsB. the queens sistersC. the monarchs brothersD. the queens daughters10._ is NOT a constitutional part of the British Parliament.A. The CabinetB. The SovereignC. The House of LordsD. The House of Commons11. Each session of the British Parliament usually lasts for_.A. one yearB. two yearsC. four yearsD. half a year12. In the general election, an MP candidate must deposit 500 pounds, which is returned if he or she receives _ or more of the vote cast.A. 5%B. 10%C. 15%D. 20%13. Only in _ are police officers allowed to carry firearms for personal protection and for duty purposes.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland14. In Great Britain, almost _of medical prescription items are supplied free.A. 50%B. 60%C. 70%D. 80%15. The two established churches in Britain are_.A. Church of England and Church of WalesB. Church of Ireland and Church of EnglandC. Church of Ireland and Church of ScotlandD. Church of England and Church of Scotland16. Full time first-degree university courses usually last _ in England.A. 2 yearsB. 3 yearsC. 4 yearsD. 5 years17. _ is a “quality” newspaper in Britain.A. The SunB. The TimesC. The Daily StarD. The Daily Mirror18. The home of golf is_.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland19. In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of_.A. the Prime MinisterB. the Lord ChancellorC. the Duke of EdinburghD. the Speaker of the House of Commons20. _was the British Prime Minister who adopted appeasement policy to Nazi Germany during the Second World War.A. Tony BlairB. Margaret ThatcherC. Winston ChurchillD. Neville Chamberlain21. The percentage of immigrants in the United States varies greatly from region to region with the _United States accounting for 14.8% of foreign-born population in the 1980s.A. SouthernB. NorthernC. WesternD. Eastern22. In the U.S. the high birth rate during the “baby boom” mainly refers to the period _.A. 19201930B. 19461964C. 19721982D. 1980199023. In 1607 the first English colony in America was founded at Jamestown,_.A. MaineB. VirginiaC. MassachusettsD. New Hampshire24. After the United States bought the _ for only $15 million, its territory almost doubled.A. Ohio TerritoryB. Gadsden TerritoryC. Louisiana TerritoryD. New Mexico Territory25. When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation called_.A. the Confederate UnionsB. the Federal States of AmericaC. the Federal Union of AmericaD. the Confederate States of America26. The Civil War ended with the passing of the _to the Constitution, which banned slavery in the United States.A. Tenth AmendmentB. Eleventh AmendmentC. Twelfth AmendmentD. Thirteenth Amendment27. Which of the following statements is NOT a reason to explain the rapid growth of capitalism after the Civil War?A. The U.S. federal government put low taxes on foreign imports.B. There was enough labor supply for the development of American industries.C. Science and invention played a key role in accelerating Americas industrial development.D. With the war over, both foreign and domestic capital became available for investment.28. The Peace Conference after World War I in 1918 was dominated by the Big Four, that is _.A. the United States, Britain, Japan and ItalyB. the United States, Russia, France and ItalyC. the United States, Britain, France and ItalyD. the United States, Britain, France and China29. Which of the following statements about Franklin Roosevelt is NOT true?A. He was a great communicator.B. He had a sure sense of what seemed practical or possible.C. He called out the army to drive out the World War I veterans.D. His fireside chats over the radio were listened to by millions of people.30. The incident that made the United States formally declare war against the Axis Powers was _.A. the Great DepressionB. the attack on the Soviet UnionC. the Japanese invasion of ChinaD. the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 194131. During the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, President _finally decided to use naval force to prevent military material and arms from going into Cuba.A. NixonB. JohnsonC. KennedyD. Eisenhower32. After the Geneva Conference on Indochina in 1954, the United States replaced _as the main force in providing aid for South Vietnam.A. JapanB. BritainC. FranceD. Turkey33. In the United States, amendments must have the approval of _of the states before they enter into force.A. one-thirdB. two-thirdsC. two-fifthsD. three-fourths34. The U.S. Constitution provides that the _shall be President of Senate.A. PresidentB. Chief JusticeC. Vice PresidentD. Attorney General35. In the United States, _period of the party system arose in the last years of the 18th century over the debate on the ratification of the Constitution.A. the firstB. the secondC. the thirdD. the fourth36. Under the Constitution, _is the federal official primarily responsible for the relations with foreign nations.A. the presidentB. the federal chief justiceC. the Speaker of the HouseD. the Senate Majority Leader37. In the U.S., the revenues for public schools primarily come from_.A. states and localitiesB. religious communitiesC. state boards of educationD. federal government and states38. American higher education began with the founding of _in 1636.A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard CollegeC. University of VirginiaD. Princeton University39. Rip Van Winkle is a character from the famous book _written by Washington Irving.A. The Sketch BookB. The Scarlet LetterC. A History of New YorkD. Poor Richards Almanac40. Which of the following statements about New Years Day is NOT true?A. In the U.S. it is a nationally observed holiday.B. It is thought of as a good time to make the New Year decisions.C. Most people like to hold big parties and make pumpkin lanterns on that day.D. The celebration of this holiday begins the night beforeon New Years Eve.41. The Irish lowland _.A. is a rocky areaB. has many high mountainsC. is covered by green forestsD. has different landscapes from place to place42. Which of the following statements about the weather of Ireland is true?A. It has a lot of rainfall.B. It often snows in winter.C. It is a country of sunshine.D. It is quite windy throughout the year.43. Today, Ireland is _.A. a colony of Great BritainB. a free state within Great BritainC. an independent and sovereign stateD. a member of the British commonwealth44. The city that has an ice-free harbor as Canadas major outlet to the Pacific Ocean is_.A. OttawaB. QuebecC. TorontoD. Vancouver45. Nowadays, _are the natives in Canada.A. French-speaking peopleB. English-speaking peopleC. the Canadian Indians and InuitD. the early immigrants from Europe46. Politically Australia is divided into six states and Sydney is the capital of_.A. VictoriaB. QueenslandC. South AustraliaD. New South Wales47. In Australia, about a quarter of the national income is from the _ of Western Australia.A. lumberingB. agricultureC. shipbuildingD. mineral export48. Earthquakes in New Zealand do not cause many deaths because of _. A. the dormant volcanoesB. the concrete building materialsC. the small population in many areasD. the mild magnitude of the earthquakes49. New Zealand remains green all year round because_.A. there is enough bushesB. the trees are deciduousC. its native trees are evergreenD. the trees can receive enough sunshine50. The reason why Maori workers moved to the cities to make a living after World War II is that_.A. they lost their landB. they learned skills during the warC. they lost their social and cultural linksD. they regained their identity as the native peopleII. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each)51. On which day does Easter fall?52. What are the four Scottish universities established in the 14th and 15th centuries?53. What kinds of courses require five-year study in British universities?54. What was King Edward (1042-1066) known as?55. Give an example to illustrate the highly aggressive and intolerant nationalism in 1919 and 1920 in the United States.56. What was the key problem that affected the progress in U.S.-China relations from 1972 to 1979?57. What are the most memorable words Lincoln said in a short speech on the occasion of dedicating the national cemetery at Gettysburg in 1863?58. What is the American tradition of laissez faire?59. What explains the absence of large forests in Australia?60. Who is the head of the Australian government?III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points for each)61. Industrial Revolution62. Bank Holiday63. Amerigo Vespucci64. Research universities2023年4月全国自考英语国家概况参考答案