一般现在时-一般过去时-一般将来时.doc

教学内容
知识点一：一般现在时
【知识梳理】
(1)一般现在时的基本结构和变化
1.一般现在时的结构
①be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。
e.g. I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
②行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，则在动词原形后加"-s"或"-es"
e.g. He gets up early in the morning.
2.否定句和疑问句的变化
①be动词的变化：
A.否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 He is not a worker.他不是工人。
B. 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 ---Are you a student? ---Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
C. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。 Where is my bike?
②行为动词的变化：
A.否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。 I don't like bread. / He doesn't like bread.
B. 一般疑问句：Do ( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。
---Do you often play football? --- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
--- Does she go to work by bike? --- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
C. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。How does your father go to work?
（注意回顾动词第三人称单数形式变化规则）
一般情况下在词尾加s help→helps, clean→cleans, play→plays, wear→wears, give→gives; 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的动词在词尾加es dress→dresses, fix→fixes, watch→watches, finish→finishes;以“辅音字母加y”结尾的动词，把y变为i，再study→studies, carry→carries, fly→flies ）
(2)一般现在时的用法
?1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作或行为。常与always, sometimes, often, usually, never等副词连用。
e.g. I go to school every day except Saturdays and Sundays. My mother often gets up at 6 o’clock.
2.表示现在的状态，能力，性格，个性。e.g. My father teaches maths.
Lin Yan dances well.
3.表示普遍真理或客观事实。e.g. The earth moves around the sun. The sun rises in the east.
【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。如：Our physics teacher said that light travels much faster than sound. 我们的物理老师说光的传播速度比声音的传播速度快得多，在时间、条件、比较等状语从句中，用现在时表示将来的动作，从句的谓语动词用一般现在时。
如：I will e-mail you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就给你发邮件。
If you come this afternoon, we will have a meeting. 如果你今天下午能来，我们就开会。
【例题精讲】
例1. ——Who is that lady?
——She’s Miss Green. She ____ us music, and she is so good.
A. taught B. teaches C. will teach D. is teaching
例2. ——I think I’ll take a bus to the meeting.
——The bus? If you ____, you will be late.
A. do B. have done C. will do
例3. Unless the weather ____, we will have to cancel the picnic.
A. improve B. improves C. improved D. will improve
例4. We don’t know if our friend ____. If he ____, we’ll let you know.
A. comes; comes B. comes; will come C. will come; comes
例5. Our geography teacher told us that the earth ____ the sun.
A. went around B. goes around C. is going around D. was going around
【课堂练习】
1. Look! A dog ____ a blind man across the road.
A. leads B. lead C. is leading D. led
2. They usually ____ TV in the evening.
A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches
3. He hardly ____ up early．
A. gets B. get C. doesn’t get D. don’t get
4. John ____ football.
A. likes playing B. likes play C. like play
5. Frank usually ____ in touch with his primary school teachers by email.
A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. will keep
知识点二：一般过去时
【知识梳理】
(1)一般过去时的基本结构和变化
1. 定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。
2. 结构：“主语 + 动词的过去式”
3.句型转化：
①be 动词的过去时的句型如下：
A. 否定句： 主语 + be动词的过去式（was, were）+ not…
B. 疑问句： be动词的过去式（was, were）+ 主语 …
a. He was busy yesterday. (肯定句) 他昨天很忙。
b. He was not busy yesterday. (否定句) 他昨天不忙。
c. Was he busy yesterday? (疑问句) 他昨天忙吗
d. There weren’t any boys in the room.房间里没有男孩儿。
e.g. There weren’t any boys in the room.房间里没有男孩儿。
Were there any boys in the room? 房间里有男孩儿吗
②行为动词的否定式和疑问式：
A. 否定式：行为动词前加上did not或缩略式didn’t, 并把这个行为动词改为动词原形。
a. I called Lin Tao yesterday afternoon.
→I did not / didn’t call Lin Tao yesterday afternoon.
b. I borrowed a book from Sun Yang last Sunday.
B. 一般疑问式：若在陈述句中只有行为动词的过去式, 那就得在句首加上一个助动词did来帮助提问, 然后把句中的行为动词由过去式改为动词原形, 并在句末打上问号。回答时别忘了还用did。
a. We stayed there for 10 days last month.
→ Did you stay there for 10 days last month? Yes, we did. / No, we didn’t.
b. Mary had a delicious dinner yesterday evening.
→ Did Mary have a delicious dinner yesterday evening? Yes, she did. / No, we didn’t.
?
(2)规则动词的变化
过去式（规则变化）
一般情况下，直接在动词词尾加-ed。
watch → watched
plant → planted
以不发音字母e结尾的动词在词尾加-d。
like → liked
move → moved
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，先变y为i，再在词尾加-ed。
study → studied
carry → carried
重读闭音节动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写词尾的辅音字母，再在词尾加-ed。
stop → stopped
shop → shopped
过去式(be动词)
（不规则变化）

am / is → was are → were
do → did
(3)不规则动词的过去式和过去分词
第一组AAA
1. cost—cost—cost 2. cut—cut—cut 3. hit—hit—hit 4. let—let—let
5. put—put—put 6. set—set—set 7. read—read—read
第二组ABC
1. break—broke—broken 2. choose—chose—chosen 3. speak—spoke—spoken
4. steal—stole—stolen 5. wake—woke—woken 6. forget—forgot—forgotten
7.take—took—taken 8.give—gave—given 9.hide—hid—hidden
10. drive—drove—driven 11. write—wrote—written 12. rise—rose—risen
13. ride—rode—ridden 14. eat—ate—eaten
第三组ABC
1. know—knew—known 2. grow—grew—grown 3. throw—threw—thrown
4. fly—flew—flown 5. show—showed—shown
第四组ABB
1. build—built—built 2. burn—burnt—burnt 3. mean—meant—meant
4. lend—lent—lent 5. send—sent—sent 6. spend—spent—spent
第五组ABB
1. keep—kept—kept 2. sweep—swept—swept 3. sleep—slept—slept
4. leave—left—left 5. feel—felt—felt 6. smell—smelt—smelt
7. lose—lost—lost 8. learn—learnt—learnt (learned—learned)
9. get—got—got 10. do—did—done 11. go—went—gone
第六组ABB
1. make—made—made 2. hear—heard—heard 3. have—had—had
4. bring—brought—brought 5. find—found—found 6.buy—bought—bought
7. think—thought—thought 8. teach—taught—taught
第七组 ABB
1. dig—dug—dug 2. lead—led—led 3. hold—held—held
4. meet—met—met 5. say—said—said 6. pay—paid—paid
7. win—won—won 8. sell—sold—sold 9. tell—told—told
10. stand—stood—stood 11. understand—understood—understood
12. sit—sat—sat 13. wear—wore—worn
第八组ABC
1. begin—began—begun 2. swim—swam—swum 3. sing—sang—sung
4. ring—rang—rung 5. drink—drank—drunk 6. come—came—come
7. become—became—become 8. see—saw—seen 9. run—ran—run
11. lie—lay—lain—lying（躺） 12. lie—lied—lied—lying（说慌）13. lay—laid—laid(放)
(4)一般过去时的用法
①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week (month, year...), ago, just now, at the age of…, in 1980等连用。如：
At the age of ten, she began to learn to play the piano.
十岁的时候，她开始学弹钢琴。
②表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
当我是个孩子的时候，我经常在街上踢足球。
【例题精讲】
例1. ——Where did you go last weekend?
——I ____ to the Great Wall.
A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone
例2. Last week Vivian ____ a dress for her mother with her first-month salary.
A. buy B. bought C. will buy D. would buy
例3. Oh no! I ____ my book in the lab.
A. leave B. left C. will leave D. was leaving
例4. ——Your coat fits you well.
——Thank you. I ____ it when I was on vacation.
A. have bought B. buy C. bought
例5. My husband always _____ me flowers every week before we got married, but now he never ____.
A. sent; does B. sends; does C. was going to send; do D. sent; do
【课堂练习】
1. ——Did Billy and Anna find a way out at last?
——Yes, they ____ a plan and did it.
A. were working out B. worked out C. are working out D. have worked out
2. Yesterday the teacher told us the earth ____ the sun.
A. goes around B. went around C. is going around D. would go around
3. ——Lucy has ____ to London. How can I get in touch with her?
——Don’t worry. She will phone you as soon as she ____ there.
A. been; will get B. been; gets C. gone; will get D. gone; gets
4. ——Oh, no! I can’t find my mobile phone!
——Well, where ____ you last put it.
A. have B. do C. did
5. ——Have you ever climbed Mount Tai, Carol?
——Yes, I ____ in Taian for a week last year and reached the top of it twice.
A. had stayed B. stay C. stayed D. have stayed
知识点三一般将来时
【知识梳理】
(1)一般将来时的结构
① will+动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：
e.g. I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.明天早上我将在校门口见你。
②be going to+动词原形 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，主语一般是人。如：
e.g. I am going to be 15 next week. 下周我就15岁了。
③will 和be going to 的区别
be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别：
A. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：
e.g. He is going to write a letter tonight.
He will write a book one day.
B. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
e.g. He is seriously ill. He is going to die.
C. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如：
e.g. She is going to have a trip.
He will be here in half an hour.
④在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：
e.g. If any beasts come at you, I'll stay with you and help you.
(2)用法
①表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如：tomorrow, soon, next day (week, month, year...), in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow等连用。如：
e.g. I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week. 下周我将要去上海旅行。
②当主句为一般将来时，在以after, when, while, as soon as, if, unless等引导的时间或条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来。如：
e.g. I will do it better if the teacher gives me another chance.
如果老师再给我次机会，我会做得更好的。
【例题精讲】
例1. Don’t away. Bill ____ you look after your dog when you are away on business.
A. helps B. will help C. helping D. helped
例2. Just go down this road and you ____ the library next to the bank.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see
例3. With the development of science and technology, robot cooks ____ in our families in the future.
A. appear B. appeared C. will appear D. were appearing
例4. Many scientists believe that robots ____ able to talk like humans in 50 years.
A. were B. are C. will be D. have been
例5. ——Have you returned the book to the library yet?
——Not yet. Don’t worry. I ____ it soon.
A. return B. returned C. have returned D. will return
【课堂练习】
1. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I ____ half of it.
A. missed B. was missing C. will miss D. would miss
2. We are glad to hear that the Greens _________to a new flat next week.
A. move B. moved C. will move D. have moved
3. Eric won’t start the experiment until his teacher _________him how to do it.
A. will show B. show C. shows D. showed
4. If you come to the party, you a good time.
A. would have B. have C. will have D. to have
5. Let’ s enjoy the days with our classmates. We _________our junior high school in two months.
A. will finish B. are finishing C. have finished D. had finished
课后作业

1. --- Is Jim in the office?
--- No, he to the dining hall.
A. goes B. would go C. has gone D. had gone
2. --- I called you this morning, but nobody answered it.
--- Oh, we some running in the park.
A. are doing B. were doing C. have done D. did
3. Her son the army for two months. She misses him very much.
A. has joined B. has been in C. joined D. was in
4. The reporter said that the UFO east to west when he saw it.
A. travels B. traveled C. was traveling D. has traveled
5. I'm waiting for my sister. I won't go to see my uncle until .
A. she comes B. she will come C. she doesn't come
6. --- Do you know the Englishman?
--- Yes. I him for two years.
A. get to know B. have known C. knew D. got to know
7. I my homework; I guess I can't join you.
A. don't finish B. didn't finish C. haven't finished D. won't finish
8. Traveling to space is no longer just a dream. Russia the first hotel in space in the near future.
A. builds B. will build C. built D. has built
9. We have been friends .
A. last year B. one year ago C. since we met last year D. when we met last year
10. --- Do you know if Cindy will drive to Italy this weekend?
--- Cindy? Never! She driving.
A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates
11. --- I called you several times this morning, but you didn't answer.
--- Sorry. I tennis the whole morning.
A. played B. is playing C. would play D. was playing
12. I a mistake. Please don't be angry with me.
A. make B. made C. will make D. had made
13. --- I telephoned you yesterday afternoon but nobody answered.
--- Oh, I a film at that time.
A. see B. saw C. is seeing D. was seeing
14. --- Is this your first time to Xinjiang?
--- No, I here several times.
A. have gone B. haven't gone C. have been D. haven't been
15. --- We'll go for a picnic if it this Sunday.
--- Wish you a lovely weekend.
A. rain B. doesn't rain C. won't rain
16. He Luzhou for three months.
A. has left B. has come to C. has gone to D. has been away from
17. I my hometown for a long time. I really miss it!
A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from
18. If you come to the party, you a good time.
A. would have B. have C. will have D. to have
19. Mr. Brown in this factory since he was twenty-four years old.
A. works B. worked C. will work D. has worked
20. --- Shush, be quiet! The baby in the next room.
--- Oh, sorry.
A. sleeps B. slept C. is sleeping D. was sleeping
21. He for ten years.
A. has been married B. married C. got married D. has married
22. --- Did you hear someone knocking at the door just now?
--- No,sir. I music.
A. was listening to B. listened to C. am listening to D. would listen to
23. --- What were you doing this time yesterday?
--- I on the grass and drawing a picture.
A. A. sit B. sat C. am sitting D. was sitting
24. --- How was your trip to the ancient village?
--- Fantas