《运动解剖学》下肢肌宣讲培训.pdf

下肢肌Posterior Abdominal Wall盆带肌na caval foramen.Internal ViewDiaphragm/Central tendon of diaphragm（一）前群Left crus of diaphragm Median arcuate ligamentEsophagus and vagus nerves-A)rta and thoracic ductRight CRJS of diaphragm-骼腰肌Thoracic splanchnic nerves and azygos vein-Sympathetic trunk-Anterior longitudinal ligament Quadrztus lumborum muscle“Medial arcuate ligament(medial lumbocostal arch)Lateral arcuate ligament(lateral lumbocostal arch)Psoas minor muscle腰大肌Psoas major muscle骼肌腰小肌interior sacrococcygeal ligament Piriformis muscleAnterior inferior iliac spineRectumPecten pubis(pectineal line)Pubic tubercle Obturator membrane Superior fascia of urogenitalPubic symphysisExternal abdominal oblique muscleInternal abdominal oblique muscleransversus abdominis muscleRectococcygeus muscle xCoccygeus muscle-Ischial spine-Anterior superior iliac spine Obturator intemus muscle-Inguinal(Pouparts)ligament-Tendinous arch of levator ani muscleOpening for femoral vesselsligamentLesser trochanter of femur Levator ani muscleLacunar(Gimbemafs)1.骼腰肌（图109）位置：骼窝及腰椎两侧，由骼肌和腰大肌组成；起点：腰大肌：第12T、第1-5L椎体 骼肌：骼窝。止点：股骨小转子。功能：近固定：大腿屈，旋外；远固定：单侧：同侧躯干侧屈双侧：躯干屈，骨盆前倾；辅助练习：负重高抬腿跑等(一)盆带肌前群一骼腰肌位置：腰椎两侧及骼窝内(1)形态 起点 止点(2)形态 起点 止点月要大肌单羽状肌第12胸椎和第1-5腰椎体侧面和横突股骨小转子 骼肌扇形鹏窝股骨小转子解月要肌脑腰肌腰大肌-Psoas major 幅肌 lliacusIliopsoas横突精窝股骨后群位置起点止点功能-臀大肌骨盆后外侧，臀部皮下骼骨翼外面，骨氐、尾骨背面臀肌粗隆和骼胫束定一髓关节伸、外旋近囹远囹定-侧收缩使骨盆转向对侧两侧同时收缩使骨盆后倾（二）后群臀中肌臀大肌臀中肌臀小肌 梨状肌 闭孔内肌 闭孔外肌股方肌臀小肌,梨状肌,臀大肌-闭孔内肌股方肌臀大肌臀大肌能骨儡骨翼.能结节韧带臀大肌Gluteus maximus股骨臀肌粗隆 1.臀大肌（P122 图 111）位置：臀部皮下，起点：骼骨翼外面；t氏、尾骨背面。止点：臀肌粗隆；骼胫束：功能：近固定：大腿伸，旋外收展 远固定：骨盆后倾。辅助练习：后踢腿，后蹬跑，等。阔筋膜张肌盆带肌后群后群浅层肌深层肌,梨状肌股外侧肌臀中肌Gluteus medius樗大肌Gluteus maximus熊胫束起点.股二头肌Biceps femoris/止点乙 Stop point臀中肌*Ja1f=股方肌股骨 大转子 转子间崎坐骨结fj臀小肌 闭孔内肌M与 闭孔外肌大腿肌（一）前群缝匠肌股四头肌股直肌股内侧肌股外侧肌股中间肌（二）内侧群耻骨肌，长收肌,股薄肌短收肌，大收肌闭孔内肌耻骨肌 长收肌不股内侧肌物股薄肌骼腰肌-大收肌半腴肌半腱肌缝匠肌内侧群（二）大腿肌 前群一股四头肌 位置：大腿前面，人体最大的肌肉 起点股直肌一骼前下棘 股中肌一股骨体前面股内 侧肌一股骨粗线内 侧唇 I股外侧肌一股骨粗线外侧唇止点：胫骨粗隆功能：近定一伸髓、屈膝百远固定一伸髓股四头肌股四头肌肾宾韧带股外侧肌 ktus lateral(股直肌Rectus femoris股内恻肌Vastus medialis股中肌Vastus tntermedius股四头肌Quadriceps femoris1.股四头肌(P123图113 114)位置：大腿前面，起点：股骨粗线内侧唇等 止点：胫骨粗隆。功能：近固定：屈大腿，伸小腿；远固定：伸股骨，维持人体直立。辅助练习：负重深蹲，跪撑后倒。（三）后群股二头肌，半腱 肌,半膜肌股二头肌半腱肌半膜肌后群一(1)股二头肌位置：大腿后外侧浅层起点长头一坐骨结节J短头一股骨粗线外侧唇下半部止点：腓骨头功能：近定一伸髅、屈膝囹远固定一屈膝长头短头股二头肌股二头肌 2.股二头肌（P125图115）位置：大腿后外侧浅层；起点：坐骨结节，股骨粗线外侧唇 止点：腓骨头；功能：近固定：伸大腿，屈小腿等 远固定：骨盆后倾。(2)半腱肌和半膜肌位置：大腿后外内侧，半膜肌在半腱肌深层 起点：坐骨结节止点：半目建肌止于胫骨粗隆内侧面半膜肌止于胫 骨内 侧牌的 内侧面功能：近定一伸臂宽、屈膝百远固定一屈膝半腱肌和半膜肌半腱肌、半膜肌Semitendinosus&Semimembranosus 半腱肌、半膜肌（图115）位置：大腿后内侧，起点：坐骨结节；止点：胫骨粗隆内侧面；功能：近固定：伸大腿，屈小腿等 远固定：骨盆后倾。辅助练习：蛙跳，纵跳摸高Muscles oi Leg Superllcial DissectionJAnterior View小腿肌Quadriceps femoris tendon stus medialis muscle（一）前群 胫骨前肌 趾长伸肌 胆长伸肌Vastus lateralis muscle.Iliotibial tract Lateral superior genicular arteryLateral patellar retinaculum、-Biceps femoris tendonLateral inferior genicular arteryCommon peroneal nerveHead of fibulaPenoneus longus muscleTibialis anterior musclePatellayMedial superior genicular artery/Medial patellar retinaculum/Tibial collateral ligament/Medial inferior genicular artery-Infrapatellar branch of Saphenous nerveJ Saphenous nerve(cut)Joint capsuleInsertion of sartorius muscleTibial tuberosity-Gastrocnemius muscleSuperficial peroneal nerve(cut)Penoneus brevis muscleSuperior extensor retinaculum、J XjlErtensor hallucis longus muscleExtensor digrtorum longus muscleLateral malleolusMedial malleolusInferior extensor retinaculum I1 Extensor digrtorum longus.Tibialis anterior tendonWediml branch of deep peroneal nerve Extensor hallucis longus tendonPenoneus tertius tendon-4Extensor digitonjm brevis tendonsExtensor hallucis brevis tendonDorsal digital branches of deep peroneal nerveDorsal digital nerves（三）小腿肌后群一小腿三头肌 位置：小腿后部浅层起点腓肠肌一股骨内外上臊比目鱼机一胫骨和月非骨的后上部止点：跟骨结节功能：近定一屈踝百远固定一协助伸膝小腿三头肌跖肌比目鱼肌Soleus跟腱小腿三头肌Triceps surae缝匠肌胫骨前肌 腓肠肌 比目鱼肌跟长伸肌Muscles of LegLateral View（二）外侧群腓骨长肌腓骨短肌Superior peroneal retinaculum Inferior peroneal retinaculum Extensor digitonjm brevis muscleXAstus lateralis muscle Iliotibial tractLong head of biceps femorisShort head biceps femoris musclCommon peroneal nerveSoleus musclePeroneus longus muscle and tendonPeroneus brevis muscle and tendonCalcaneal(chilles)tendonLateral malleolus of fibulaSubtendinous bursaTendon of biceps femoris muscle Fibular collateral ligamentHead of fibulaGastrocnemius muscleLateral superior genicular arteryQuadriceps femoris tendonPatellaExtensor digitorum longus tendons-Extensor digitorum longus muscle Superficial peroneal nerve(cut)lateral patellar retinaculum-Lateral inferior genicular arteryLateral condyle of tibiaPstellar ligament Tuberosity of tibiaTibialis anterior muscleExtensor hallucis longus muscle and tendonSuperior extensor retinaculumInferior extensor retinaculumExtensor hallucis longus tendonExtensor digitorum longus tendcPeroneus tertius tendon5th metatarsal bonePeroneus longus tendon passing to sole of foot Peroneus brevis tendon骼胫束4M一胫骨前肌腓骨长肌一趾长伸肌腓骨短肌第三腓骨肌（三）后群1浅层小腿三头肌 腓肠肌 比目鱼肌 胭肌/Q、1.小腿三头肌（P129图118）位置：小腿后面浅层；起点：腓肠肌：股骨内外上镰，比目鱼肌：胫、腓骨后上；止点：跟结节；功能：近固定：足跖屈，屈小腿，远固定：维持人体直立等 辅助练习：后蹬跑；勾足尖前压腿,常见运动损伤：跟腱拉伤或断裂。比目鱼肌Soleus止点Stop point腓肠肌Gastrocnemius腓肠肌Gastrocnemius比目鱼肌 Soleus止点Stop point起点Start point腓肠肌 内侧夹 外侧头跖肌比目鱼肌跟腱潴腓骨长肌 解腓骨短肌跖腱膜2深层趾长屈肌，胆长屈肌，胫骨后肌足肌足背肌胆短伸肌 趾短伸肌足底肌内侧群 胆展肌 蹈短屈肌 饵收肌中间群 趾短屈肌 足底方肌 4条蚓状肌趾短屈肌骨间肌腱趾长屈肌腱第1蚓状肌小趾短屈肌小趾展肌足底腱膜跟骨浅层外侧群 小趾展肌 小趾短屈肌3块骨间足底肌4块骨间背侧肌蹈长屈肌腱避收肌蹈短屈肌蹈收肌蹈展肌第1、2蚓状肌腓骨长肌腱趾长屈肌腱足底长韧带中层蹈收肌横头即收肌斜头踢短屈肌内侧楔骨足舟骨腓骨短肌腓骨长肌腱胫骨后肌腱足底长韧带.距骨蹈展肌足底方肌深层图3-40足底肌足舟骨蹈长屈肌腱W A VIM.glutevs下肢的局部记载A giutea suoerior-典L仲搂N gluteus superior-梨状肌上孔（臀上血管、神经）梨状肌下孔 F神经N gluteus inltnor网期Q经N pqndus阴热内动脉A pudenda 1ntema下动也A.gluten inferior股后皮棒经N cutaneus lemons postenor堂骨神经伴行动”,/A.comitans nervi ischiadici般;头机，长头：M biceps fenxxis Caput longum a股传肌 _（坐骨神经，臀下血管、神经，阻了 部血管、神经）Mse华唳祝，M.semimembranosuj半僧伸”N ischtadbcusW小叽M gluteus nrwntmus果状肌M.pinformish if UM.gemeHus supenof礼内UI otMuratoriush viM quadratus小收M adductor minimus第一卡雄修A pertorans pnmamagnusM.穿动*A pedorans secunda怩中叽M gluteus medius第三穿前收-A.perlorans tertia*M adductor.头看（正义，M biceps femoris 除总府经N ptroeus communrs小功峥林一 Vena saphena pwa的外俏度R经-N.cutaneus surae lateralsf H VIgemellus in1enxA popiitea-修伊“V.popiitea-府控 tibialis蹲航内俏废棒蛉N,cutanevs suraefnedtahs股外侧皮神经N.cutaneus femoris lateralis、骼筋膜 器.腰肌 1Fascia iliaca M.iliopsoas 腹股沟韧带；Lig.inguinale 1 i股神露耻弓Arcus iliopectineus:股动脉 I A.femoralis血管腔隙（股血管）肌腔隙（骼腰肌和股神经）能耻隆起Eminent!a iliopubica雀臼窝Fossa acetabuli股 环Annulus femoralisi角窝韧带Lig.lacunare耻骨肌M.pectineus/耻骨肌筋膜Fascia pectinea耻骨结节Tuberculum pubicum经N.femoralis/股睁脉V.femoralis闭孔膜 Membranaobturatoria409.肌腔隙及血管腔隙Muscular lacuna and vascular lacuna股管箭腰肌 M.iliopsoas露筋膜Fascia iliaca股神经 N.femoralis腹股沟韧带 Lig.inguinale股动脉 股静脉A.femoralis V.femoralis阔筋膜Fascia lata-Margo talciformis 一-/Annulus femoralis耻骨肌/M.pectineus股 环股 鞘 Femoral sheath股 管Canalis femoralislacunare410.股鞘Femoral sheath铭外动脉A.iliaca externa股三角 收肌管假 骨PatellaHum superficial is、腹股沟韧带Lig.inguinaleemoris lateralis缝匠肌 M.sartorius-直肌rectus femoris-femoris-K肌or fasciae lataefemoris lateralis/隐神经N.saphenus间肌；tus intermedius-lateralis-Cactus 卷tibialis 皮直肌A.rectus femoris穿动脉Aa.perforantes器外静脉 一V.iliaca externa腹壁浅动脉,A.epigastrica superficialts股动脉A.femoralis腹股沟管皮下环Annulus inguinalis subcutaneus阴部外动脉一 Aa.pudendae externae旋股内侧动脉A.circumflexa femoris medialis长收肌M.adductor longus耻骨肌M.pectineus闭孔神经前支R.anterior n.obturator!i、短收肌M.adductor brevis股薄肌M.gracilis大收肌M.adductor magnus收肌管Canalis adductorius膝降动脉A.genus descendens隐神经N.saphenus缝匠肌，M.sartorius藤下支R.infrapatellaris405.大腿前内侧面的肌肉、血管和神经(2)Muscies,blood vessels and nerves of the antero-medial aspect of the thigh(2)胭窝臀中皮神经Nn.clunium medii-臀下皮神经Nn.clunium inferiores 臀k肌M.gluteus maximus-大收肌M.adductor magnus股后皮神经N.cutaneus femoris posterior-股薄肌 M.gracilis-半J健肌M.semitendinosus 半膜肌M.semimembranosus、腓肠内侧皮神经N,cutaneus surae medialis-腓肠肌内侧头Caput mediale m.gastrocnemii小隙静脉V.saphena parva胭除脉 V.poplitea胫一一 N.臀上皮神经J Nn.clunium superiores镭胫束Tractus iliotibiahs股二头肌（长头）.M.biceps femoris（Caput longum）股二头肌（短头）M.biceps femoris Caput breve）神经 tibialis腓总神经/N.peroneus communis腓肠外侧皮神经N.cutaneus surae lateralis腓肠疝外侧头_ Caput laterale m.gastrocnemii407.臀部及大腿后面的肌肉、血管和神经（1）Muscles,blood vessels and nerves of the gluteal region and posterior aspect of the thigh 下肢筋膜阔筋膜 骼胫束上旋镭浅静脉V.circumflexa iliumsuperficialts、卵圆窝（隐静脉裂孔）筛筋膜股外侧皮神经N.cutaneus femoris lateralis股外侧静脉Lateral femoral vein股神经前皮支/Rr.cutanei anteriores n.femoralis腓浅神经N.peroneus superficial is足背中间皮神经N.cutaneus dorsalis intermedius足背外侧皮神经N.cutaneus dorsalislateralis腹壁浅薛脉一 V,epigastrica superficialis幡腹下神经1N.iliohypogastricus阴部外静脉/Vv.pudendae externae臀中皮神经Nn.clunium medii臀下皮神经Nn.clunium inferiores-大隐静脉V.saphena magna股内便J静脉Medial femoral vein闭孔神经.N.obturatorius隙神经N.saphenus股后皮神经N.cutaneus femoris posterior大障静脉V.s冲hena magna大隐静脉V.saphena magna腓肠内侧皮神经N.cutaneus surae medialis小隐峥脉Vena saphena parva足背内侧皮神经N.cutaneus dorsalis medialis足背鄢脉网,Rete venosum dorsale pedis腓深神经N.peroneus profundus腓肠外侧皮神经N.cutaneus surae lateralis臀上皮神经 n.clunium supe-r iores股外侧皮栉经N.cutaneusfemoris lateralis腓神经交通支一 R.communicans peroneus腓肠神经N.swralisP蠢乳蠹t前面观Anterior aspect403,下肢的皮神经和浅静脉Cutaneous nerves and superficial veins of the lower limb运动臂宽、膝、踝关 节的肌肉名称小节