中考英语介词复习(无答案).doc

介词
知识讲解一：单项选择题之介词。
一、考纲解读
考点

要求
广东省省卷五年中考统计
中考预测
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
时间介词、地点介词、方式介词
掌握
32题
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32题
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介词和各类词搭配构词的短语
掌握
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常用介词的用法及辨析
掌握
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32题
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32题
32题

分析解读：熟悉掌握常用介词的基本用法（表示时间、地点、方式等），以及一些常见的固定搭配。由于每个介词都可以表达不同的含义，且无规律可循，因此在备考时考生应该注意收集介词和各类词搭配构成的短语。
二、 考点一 时间介词

基本分类
基本用法
例子

时间介词
at 多用于表示具体的时刻前，也可用于固定搭配中，表示的时间大多比较短暂
at seven 在七点；at a quarter to one 在12点45分
at noon 在正午；at night 在晚上，深夜，入睡时刻
at midnight在午夜
in 用于表示一段时间，或用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等。还可以用于表示“从现在起，多长时间以后或多久以后”
in the ___ century 在21世纪
in 1990; in August;
in autumn 在秋天；in the morning 在早上；in the evening 在晚上
They will finish the work in an hour.
on 主要用于日期、星期、具体的某一天的早上、中午、晚上或____节日前
on Mid-Autumn Day; on June 1st;
on Monday; on September 3rd, 1990;
On a cold winter morning in 1996.
since 指从某时一直延续至今，后接时间点；句子用完成时
He has studied English since 2000.
from 说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态
From now on, I will learn English in the mornings.
for 指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段。
I have studied English for 6 years.
after: (1)表示在以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，用于过去时；
（2）与时间点连用表示在将来某个时间之后
They finished the work after two years.
他们在两年之后完成了这项工作。
I will ring you up after two o’clock.
两点之后，我将会打电话给你。
until用于_____ 否定句中，意为“直到……才……”,其前的谓语动词多用瞬间动词；用在肯定句中，意为“直到……为止”，其前的谓语动词需要延续性动词。
I didn’t go to bed until my mother came home.
I waited for my mother until she came home.
我等我妈妈直到她回家为止。
by +时间点，表示“到……为止”，如果by 后加“将来的时间点”应用一般将来时；如果by 后面跟一个过去的时间点用_______过去完成时
We had learned 1,000 English words by the end of last term.
到上个学期末为止，我们已经学了1,000个英语单词。
“during+时间段”与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作
He lives with us during these years.
before表示时间，后接时间点，意为“在……之前”
Please bring your homework before ten o’clock.
（知识点补充）
延续性动词:
live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke
瞬间性动词:
open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish

(一)、时间介词和地点介词——真题操练
1、 _____ March 8, 2014, the flight of Malaysia Airlines MH370 got lost with 239 passengers ___ it.
A. On; in B. To; on C. At; in D. At; on
2、 The foreigners arrived _____ Shanghai____ night.
A. at; at B. in; at C. in; in D. at; in
3、 Connie arrived _____ the village _____ a snowy night.
A. at; on B. at; in C. in; at D. in; on
4、 They usually go shopping _____ their lunch break.
A. against B. among C. between D. during
5、——When and where were you born?
——I was born_____ October 1st, 1998_____ Suzhou.
A. on; on B. in; on C. in; in D. on; in

(二)、时间介词——真题操练
1、——What will you do ____ the summer holiday?
——I think I shall watch London Olympic Games. It will ____ in August.
A. during; be held B. at; hold
C. during; hold D. at; be hold
2、—Do you often go swimming ____ Sunday morning?
—Yes. Why not ____ with me this Sunday?
A. on; go B. in; to go C. on; going D. in; going
3、I was born___ a Friday morning.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
4、Wow！Ten students in our class will celebrate their fourteenth birthdays ___ October.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
5、My friend, Henry, was born _____ June 10th, 1997.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
6、Welcome to our hotel ! I hope you’ll have a good time____ your stay here.
A. after B. during C. with D. since
7、Both of my parents were born___ 1970.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
8、—When was you born?
—I was born____ a cold winter morning in 1996.
A. in B. on C. at

（三）in 与after的区别
易混词
用法
例句
in
表示在以此时此刻为起点的将来的一个时间段之后，常与将来时连用
in the past, “在过去”，与过去时连用；
in the past/last+时间段，“在过去的······中”，表示从现在算起的过去的一段时间，包括此时此刻在内，常与现在完成时连用。
In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our school. 在过去的几年里，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。
after
“after+时间段”常与过去时连用，“after+时间点”常与将来时连用
We’ll leave after lunch.我们将在午饭后动身。
时间介词真题操练：
10、I hear our teacher will be back____ three weeks’ time.
A. at B. in C. for D. after

三、 考点二 地点介词

基本分类
基本用法
例子

地点介词
at 多用于较小的地点前（时间at 用于较短时间；arrive at 加小地点）
at the bus stop; at home
arrive at the airport 到达机场
in 用在较大的地方前
arrive in China; in the world 在世界上
on 表示“在……上面”，强调表示接触
Look at the book on the desk.
over表示“在……正上方”，表示垂直在上
There is a bridge over the river.河上面有一座桥。
above 表示“在……上面”，属于斜上方
Raise your arms above your head.把你的胳膊举到头上。
below“在……下面”，不一定有垂直在下之意
The coat reaches below the knees. 这件大衣一直到膝盖下。
under 表示“在……正下方”
There are many bikes under the tree.
in front of 表示“在……前面”（范围外）
There are some trees in front of the classroom.（大树在教室外面）
in the front of 表示“在……的前部”（范围内）
Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.（教室里面的前面）
before所表示的位置关系和in front of 通用，表示“在……前面”
He sits in front of/before me.
behind表示“在……后面”，是in front of 的反义词
Don’t hide behind the tree.
at the back of 表示“在……后部”，是in the front of 的反义短语
There is a blackboard at the back of our classroom.
我们教室后部有块黑板。
by 表示“在……旁边”，与beside 同义
We live by the river. 我们住在河边。
beside“在……旁边”，强调靠近；
besides 连词，而且
Who’s that girl beside the boy?
在男孩旁边的那个女孩是谁？
near“在……附近”，距离比by 和next to 远
Is there a hospital near here?
next to “紧邻，在……旁边”，相当于close to
The boy next to her is my classmate.
between “在……之间”，强调两者之间或众多事物的“两两之间”
You must choose one between her and me.
among“在……之间”，表示“三者或三者以上之间”
He is the tallest among all the children.
around“在……周围”，强调环境
Let’s show you around the city. 让我们带你在城里转转。

into表示有特定的运动方向，常用动词连用，意为“进入”
The hare ran into the forest. 野兔跑进了森林。
The students are going into the school bus in order/one by one.
out of“从……里面出来”，与into意思相反

2、人们通常处理垃圾的方法有填埋或焚烧。The hare came out of its cave. 野兔从它的洞里出来了。

答：水分和氧气是使铁容易生锈的原因。The students are coming out of the school bus one by one.
through表示从空间“穿过”

2、昆虫种类繁多，分布很广，它们有着和其他动物不同的身体构造和本领。The little dog can go through the hole in the door.
那只小狗能从门洞里钻出来。
across表示从平面“穿过”river, shoulder
Go across the bridge and then turn left. 过桥然后左转。

12、淡水在自来水厂中除了沉淀和过滤之外，还要加入药物进行灭菌处理，这样才能符合我们使用的标准。to (toward, towards)表示方向，意为“到某地”或“朝，向”

7、食盐、白糖、碱面、味精的颗粒都是有规则几何外形的固体，人们把这样的固体物质叫做晶体。自然界中的大部分固体物质都是晶体或由晶体组成。My father will go to Beijing next week.
The windows open towards the south. 这个窗户向南开。
along 表示 “顺着，沿着”

答：烧饭时米变成了饭；写字时纸上留下了字迹；下雨后路上的积水慢慢地变成水蒸气消失在空中；岩石风化变成沙子等。Go along this street.

（一） across, through, over, past 的区别

9、在17世纪，人们发现把两个凸透镜组合起来明显提高了放大能力，这就是早期的显微镜。易混词
用法

16、大量的研究事实说明生命体都是由细胞组成的，生物是由细胞构成的。我们的皮肤表面，每平方厘米含有的细胞数量超过10万个。例句

16、在北部天空的小熊座上有著名的北极星，可以借助大熊座比较容易地找到北极星。黑夜可以用北极星辨认方向。

12、淡水在自来水厂中除了沉淀和过滤之外，还要加入药物进行灭菌处理，这样才能符合我们使用的标准。 across
表示“穿过，越过”，含有“从.....表面穿过”之意，或指从一边到另一边而进行的动作，表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across
He can swim across the river.
他可以游过这条河。

through
都表示“穿过，越过”，含有“从.....中间”穿过之意
She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son. 她必须拨开人群到达她儿子身边。

over
多指在空间范围上“越过”
The plane flew over a line of mountains in the southeast.
飞机从东南部的群山上飞过。
past
指“经过”
They walked past a tall tree.
他们路过一颗高高的树。
地点介词真题操练：
1、The sweet smell of the flowers in the garden comes in _____ the open windows making us feel in a good mood.（心情）
A. on; B. with C. through
2、The old man is a good swimmer, and even now he always swims ____ the Pearl River after supper.
A. over B. through C. to D. across

（二）地点介词真题操练
1、 —Why are you standing, Alice?
—I can’t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall toys are sitting ___ me.
A. behind; B. next to C. between D. in front of
2、 Wushu is becoming more and more popular_____ westerners.
A. among B. between C. in D. within
3、——Is this your father home?
——No, he’s working late____the office.
A. on B. at C. of D. to

四、考点三 方式介词

基本分类
基本用法
例子

方式介词
with 表示使用的工具或手段，一般接具体的手段或工具
You must do your exam with a pen. 你必须用钢笔答题。
by表示一种方式或方法，后面的名词不加冠词，也无复数形式。by以跟动名词。
They go to school by bike.
The old man made a living by selling newspapers.那个老人以卖报为生。
in 表示用材料或语言等。
You can write in black ink.你可以用黑色墨水写。
What’s this in English?这个用英语怎么说

（一） in, with 和by表示“用”时的区别

易混词
用法
例句
in
主要表示用语言、声音、原材料等。
Can you sing this song in English?
with
表示用具体有形的东西
I write my homework with a pen.
by
表示用......手段或方式，后常接动名词
The girl made money by selling flowers.

（二） with 和without 的区别

易混词
用法
例句
with
有“和， 附带，带有”之意。
with the help of 在...的帮助
play with和谁一起玩
talk with 和.....讨论
without
有“没有”之意
without help 没有帮助
without breakfast 没吃早餐

（三）方式介词真题操练
1、 I couldn’t do it ____ your great help. Thanks a lot.
A. with B. without C. for D. to
2、 —Kelly, who’s the girl ____ glasses in the photo?
—It’s me. I used to wear glasses and have long hair.
A. by B. of C. on D. With
3、 It’s time ____ the weather report. Turn on the radio, please.
A. to B. in C. at D. for
4、Students are encouraged to share their learning experience ____ their classmates.
A. to B. in C. at D. with
5、You can improve your English ____ practicing more.
A. by B. with C. of D. in
6、____ 7, Bruce won second prize in the piano competition.
A. In; B. At; C. On D. for

（四） by, in 和on表示旅行方式的区别

易混词
用法
例子

by
1、 不涉及表示交通工具的名词时用by
2、 涉及表示交通工具的名词，且该名词为单数名词，前面没有冠词或任何修饰语时用by
by sea; by air;
by ship; by plane

on 或者in
当旅行方式涉及确定的、特指的交通工具时，用on 或in, 交通工具前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。在开放型或半开放型工具前用on,在封闭型工具前用in
on my bike; in a car
方式介词真题操练：
7、I like going to school ____ my bike.
A. in B. on C. by D. at
8、After the final exam, Changchang, ____ her mother, is going to travel to Canada instead of staying at home all the time.
A. and B. with C. as well
9、Bill has made great progress ____ the help of his teachers.
A. for B. with C. under
10、—Who did you go to the movies ____？
—Nobody. I went alone.
A. with B. about C. for D. from

五、考点四 常用介词的用法及辨析：
（一）in和on的区别

易混词
用法
例句
on the tree
表示枝、叶、果实等长“在树上”
There are some apples on the trees.树上有些苹果。
in the tree
表示人或其他东西“在树上”
There are some monkeys in the tree.树上有些猴子。
on the wall
表示东西粘贴或挂“在墙上”
There is a picture on the wall.墙上有一幅画。
in the wall
表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上”
There is a hole in the wall. 墙上有个洞。

（二） 表示地点的介词in, on和to的区别

易混词
用法
例句
in
表示在某一地区之内的某方向。（属于该范围）
Guandong is in the south of China.广东位于中国的南部。（范围之内）
to
表示在某一地区之外的某方向。（不属于该范围）
Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东边。
（范围之外，不接壤）
on
表示与某地的毗邻关系
Korea is on the east of China. 朝鲜毗邻中国，在中国的东边。（毗邻）

（三）after与behind区别
两个词都有“在······后”之意，behind只表示位置方面的“在······之后”，不能表示时间，而after则表示时间方面的“在······之后”。
For examples:
behind the school 在学校后面；
after 5 o’clock 5点之后；
after the house 在房子后面

(四) 、at 和to 表行为对象时的区别

易混词
用法
例句

at
与某些动词连用，表攻击的目标，含有某种程度的恶意。
shout at 对·····大喊；smile at 对·····微笑；
laugh at 嘲笑
Don’t laugh at others. It is impolite.
to
只表示方向，没有恶意
She came to me and shook my hand warmly.她向我走来并且热情地跟我握手。

(五) 、of 和in 用于最高级结构中的区别

易混词
用法
例句
of
后接数词或可数名词复数
Tom is the tallest of the four. 汤姆是这四个孩子中个子最高的。
in
后一般接可数名词的单数形式
Tom is the tallest boy in the class. 汤姆是班里个子最高的男孩。

（六）、to的两种用法的区别

易混词
用法
例句

to
介词+名词，代词或动名词。
pay attention to 注意······；make a contribution to 贡献；get used to 习惯于；prefer···to···更喜欢；look forward to···期待
动词不定式+动词原形
want to do sth.
decide to do sth.

（七）、常用介词辨析之真题操练
1、 Most people are_____ building a paper factory near here. They are worried the river will get polluted.
A. for B. with C. against D. beyond
2、 The boy looks nice____ white while the red sweater looks good ___ the girl.
A. with; on B. in; on C. on; in D. in; with
3、 The Dragon Boat Festival in celebrated _____ different ways ____ the same time in different places every year.
A. on; in B. in; at C. on; at D. on; at
4、 My aunt Jane tried her best to reduce her weight ____ 6kg.
A. about B. at C. to D. by
5、 —Your bag looks the same____ mine.
—Oh, really? It’s a gift____ my father.
A. with; to B. with; from C. as; on D. as; from
6、 The castle stands in a quiet place ____ the main road at the far end of the river.
A. to B. for C. off D. out
7、 ——This problems is far____ me; I am afraid I can’t work it out.
——Don’t worry, we will help you.
A beyond B. beside C. behind D. between
8、 The exhibition shows_____ 200 paintings of young, exciting artists from France.
A. at B. with C. about D. in
9、She had to sell the house even though it was ____ her own wishes.
A. for B. above C. against D. on
10、——Can I join Oxfam Trail-walker?
——Only if you are ___ eighteen.
A. over B. under C. blow D. on

（八） 、for, to 和towards的区别

易混词
用法
例句
for
常用在leave, start 后，表示运动的方向或目的。
They will leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month.下个月他们将去北京参加会议。
to
接在go, come, return, move等词后，表示目的地
When did you return to Dongguan after the holiday?假期后，你什么时候返回东莞？
towards
意为“朝，向”，只说明运动的方向，没有“到达”的意思
She walked slowly towards me.
她慢慢地向我走来。
介词真题操练：
1、 She always wants to do the job which she has been trained ____.
A. for B. by C. on D. off
2、—— Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the People’s Hospital？
—— Walk along this street _____ the end and you’ll find it on your left.
A. in B. by C. to D. at
3、—— What did you get ____ your birthday,Tony?
—— An iPad3, from my aunt.
A. to B. at C. with D. for

（九）、but, besides 和except的区别

易混词
用法
例句
but
表示“除······之外”，常与含有否定意义的词连用，当but前有动词do 时，but后接动名词原形。
We can do nothing but wait.
除了等待我们什么也做不了。
except
表示“除······之外（不再有）”，指从整体中排除except所带的人或物，前面常有all, every, any, no 等词。
All the students go to the zoo except Jim.
除了吉姆，所有的学生都去了动物园。
besides
表示“除······之外（还有）”，它的意思是在原来的基础上加上besides所带的人或物，其前常有other, another, any other, a few等词。
I have a few friends besides you.
除了你之外，我还有几个好朋友。
except
表示“除去，不包括”，强调所排除的“不包括在内”，一般表示同类之间的关系
① The office is open every day except Sundays. 除了星期日这家公司每天都营业。
② You can have any of the cakes except this one. 除了这块蛋糕，你哪块都能吃。
except for
它同except的区别是：except for后接的词同句子中的整体词（主语）不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节，一个方面；而except后接的词同整体词（主语）一般是同类，指在同类的整体中除去一个部分
① I can answer all the questions except for the last one. 除了最后一题外，所有题目我都可以解答。
② Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes. 除了几处语法错误外，你的作文写得很好。

。
介词真题操练：
1、 —All the workers went home yesterday _____ Mr. White. Why?
—Because he was on duty.
A. except B. besides C. except for D. beside
2、 —Who else do you know at the party ____ Jim and Tom?
—Lucy and Lily.
A. except B. besides C. except for D. besi