高三英语第一轮复习时态语态教师版.docx

高三英语第一轮复习--- 语法专项 （时态、语态）
【时态梳理】
时态1： 一般现在时态
1. I ______leave___________(leave) home for school at 7 every morning.
2. The book _____belongs________(belong) to me.
3. Columbus proved that the earth ______is_____ (be) round.
4. Unless extra money _____is found________(find), the theatre will close. 
5. Frank is leaving London by train which __leaves__ (leave)at 8:30 next morning. 
6. Make sure all the windows ______are closed_____ (close) before you leave.
用法：
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。时间状语： every..., sometimes, at..., on Sunday。
2） 现在的状态
3） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实,格言，警句。
4） 状语从句（时间，条件）一般主将从现
5） 表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事，比如时刻表。
6） 在下列例句中，make sure that ; be sure; see (to it) that 从句（常用一般现在时态表示将来）
时态2： 一般过去时态
1. 1). I ___saw____(see) him in the street the other day.
2) ----Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?    
----I ____went____(go) to Ningxia and____stayed______(stay) there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.
3). The year 2002____saw_____ (see) remarkable changes in Shanghai.
4). The villagers here _________(be) poor in the past.
2. Your phone number again? I____dinn’t catch_____(not catch) it.
3. I ___wondered________(wonder) if you could do me a favor.
_Could_____(can) you tell me where our new library will be built?
4.  It is time you_______went_______ (go) to bed.
用法：
1. 过去时态表示过去发生的动作或状态， 与现在没有联系。
常见的与一般过去时连用的时间壮语： yesterday, last year, this morning, the other day, just now, two days ago, in 1990, in the past, etc.
2. 说话前的想法
3. 委婉客气的语气
4. It';s time + that clause 时，that可省略，time可由high,about修饰，从句中的谓语动词用动词的过去式(be用were)。此句型为虚拟语气句型，表示“现在某人该做某事了”。含有该事早该去做而未做，现在去做似乎都为时已晚的意思。
时态3： 现在进行时态
1. ---Hi, let’s go skating.
--- Sorry, I’m busy right now. I ____am filling___（fill） in an application form for a new job.
He is writing a novel these days.
2. It _____is getting_______ (get) warmer and warmer.
3. The moment ______is coming___ soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously.
4. You ____are_______ always_____changing_______ (change) your mind. Would you please give me a definite answer?
用法：
1. 表示现在或目前一阶段正在进行的动作
2. 表示不断变化和发展的过程， 一种趋势如：The sky is clearing.
The weather is changing for the better.
3. 表将来 必须是表示位移的动词
4. 与always, constantly, continually, forever等连用表达某种情感色彩，如：不耐烦，不满意，或赞美，惊奇等
时态4: 过去进行时态
1．1). She ___was phoning___ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
2). I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn't get through. Her brother __was talking____ (talk) on the phone all the time.
3). ---You haven’t said a word about the theme of the class meeting, David. What’s your idea?
---I’m so sorry I ___was thinking___(think) about something else.
2. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ____was coming____(come) until yesterday.
用法：
1. 表示过去某一个时刻，某一个阶段正在进行的动作。
2. 用过去进行时态可以表示过去将来时态。

时态5：一般将来时
will do
1. My grandmother is 93 years old. In two years she __will be____(be) 95.
2. 1). I __will give_(give) you the book as soon as possible, I promise you.
2). ---Don’t go there alone in such late hours.
---Don’t worry. I won’t.
3. ---I don’t know how to use the camera.
---it’s quite easy. I _will show__( show)you.
4. The door __won’t open___.(open)
用法：
1. 表示“将来的事实”，与安排，意愿无关。
2. 表示“意愿 ” will 愿意；会 won’t 不愿； 不会，不肯
3.表示“临时的决定”，不是事先计划好，安排好的。
4. won’t do 表示事物固有的属性
be going to do
1. We __are going to have__(have) a meeting today.
2. Look at the black clouds. It __is going to rain_. (rain)
用法：
1. 打算， 根据目前的意愿将要做某事,在最近将要做某事
注意与will do 的区别：
We have sold our old car because we’re going to buy a new one.
The telephone is ringing. I’ll answer it.
2.根据迹象表明马上要发生
Do
用法：
时间表，时刻表，日程表，节目单，课程表等按规定将要发生的动作。The plane takes off at 15:00.
be doing
用法：
一些表示位移的动词用进行时表将来。常见动词：leave, come, go, arrive, move, take off, etc.一些表示开始、终结的动词：begin,start, close, end, open, etc.
He is leaving for New York tomorrow.
My teacher is coming to my help. He will be here soon.
be to do
1. The Prime Minister__ is to visit__(visit) Japan next week.
2. 1). No one__ is to leave __(leave)this building without the permission of the police.
2). You __are to blame__.(blame)
3. If he__ is to succeed__(succeed), he must work hard.
用法：
1. 表示“根据事先制订的计划要做某事”；“正式的安排”
The Prime Minister is to visit Japan next week.
2.相当于must或should ,表示命令、指示。
3. 用在if条件从句中，表示“如果要….,就必然要…”
be about to do
1.Ladies and gentlemen, please take your seats. The performance__ is about to start__.(start)
2.They__ were about to start__(start) when it began to rain.
用法：
1. 正要…,马上要…
2. 句型 was/were about to do…when….
时态6：过去将来时态_
They made up their mind that they__would buy____ a new house once Larry changed jobs.
用法：
过去将来时态表示从过去的某时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态
时态 7：现在完成时态
1.  1). The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ____has seen __(see) them since.
2). —The window is dirty.   
— I know. It ___hasn’t been cleaned_____(not clean) for weeks.  
2. 1). Ms Green wants to buy that kind of cloth because she_ has been told_(tell) the cloth washes well.
2). —How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?
—Well, the media____have covered____(cover) it in a variety of forms.
3. It is the first time that I _____have seen_____ (see) such a wonderful building.
用法：
1. 现在完成时态表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常于for，since, so far, in the past of … up to now, 等表示包括现在时间在内的状语连用。
2. 用现在完成时体现出过去所发生的事情对现在的影响。
3. 现在完成时态用于：It is / This is+ the first /the last / the only +名词+ （that）+现在完成时态
时态8：现在完成进行时态
1. Since the time humankind started gardening, we __have been trying__(try) to make our environment more beautiful. 
2. Do not disturb me. I ____have been writing_______(write) letters all morning and __have written__ (write) ten so far.
用法：
1. 现在完成时态表示一个从过去某一时刻开始的动作，一直延续到说话时还在进行或刚结束。用于强调动作的延续性。
2. 未完成
时态9：过去完成时态
1．1). The twins, Who_____had finished________ (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
2). Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we____had expected______________(expect).
2. By the time he was twelve, Edison ______had begun______ (begin) to make a living by himself.
3. He _had hardly reached_(hardly reach) home when it began to rain.
4. I _had meant___(mean) to call him to say “happy Birthday” to him, but I was too busy and forgot it.

用法：
1. 过去完成时态表示动作发生在过去的过去
2. 下列结构常用过去完成时态
By / Towards / Before the end of + 过去时间
At the time of +过去事件 + 句子用（过去完成时态）
By + 过去时间
By the time +句子（过去时态）
3. Hardly/ Scarcely / Barely + 过去完成时态（倒装形式）+ when + 句子（过去时）
No sooner +过去完成时态（倒装形式）+ when + 句子（过去时）
4. …表示过去本打算做某事但并未做。常用的动词：think, intend, mean, hope, wish, expect, want, plan等。
时态10：将来完成时
By the end of next week, they ____will have reached______ (reach) the destination.
用法
将来完成时常有by, by then, before, within the next week等表将来时间的介词短语引导
【语态梳理】
1. 1). After the fire, very little ____remained_____ (remain) in my house.
2). Your story ______agreeed________(agree) with what had already been heard.
3). What he told you yesterday ___proved__(prove) true.
2. The book written by Mo Yan _____sells________ ( sell) well.
3. Mr. Ham felt he himself, rather than Alice and Lisa, _was to blame____(blame) for the coldness that had grown between them.
4. The book recommended by our teacher is worth ______reading______ (read)
5. The article is difficult _to understand________(understand).
6. The house needs __repairing__(repair).
用法：
1. 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，无被动语态。例如：
2. vi. + adv. ( well, easily)事物内在属性
read, sell , wash, write, wear
The cloth washes/sells well.
The poem reads smoothly.
3. Be to
4. be + worth + doing
5. +adj +to do
6. ed, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如：
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。
The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。

【综合时态练习】
1. You’d better write down her phone number before you ___forget_______ (forget) it.
2. Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she __had seen___ (see) most of the guests before.
3. ----Where___have____you ___put_____(put) the recorder ? I can not see it anywhere.
  -----I___ put__(put) it right here.But now it is gone!
4. --- Peter, do you know who______has taken_____ (take) away my dictionary ?
5. I hear you_______are working______(work) in a pub. what’s it like? ——Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind.
6. We won’t start the work until all the preparations ____has been made______.(make)
7. During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ____had recommended____ (recommend).
8. The new Hukou policy, according to some experts ____serves______ (serve) to attract more high-end talents to contribute to Shanghai’s development.
9. Ms Chen_____ had been teaching/ had taught/ has been teaching/has taught _____ (teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present
10. I was certain she would like it because I ____ had been told/ was told______ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.
11. The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom, __ was changed______(change) to the library at the last minute.
12. I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he ___ had broken ______ (break) his finger.
13. This is the first time we __have seen__(see) a film in the cinema together as a family.
14. What the teacher said ___proved__(prove) to be true two weeks later.
15. ---You speak very good French!
---Thanks. I __studied__(study) in Sichuan University for four years.
16. One of them was a visitor, saying he wouldn’t have been there if he ___ had watched _______ (watch) the weather forecast the day before.
17. The last half of the nineteenth century _____witnessed_____ (witness) the steady improvement in the means of travel.
18. A gentle wind _____was blowing______ (blow) through the tree. In the distance, I ____noticed______ (notice) a racing car moving across the dusty plain.
19. According to a report from WHO, two million people worldwide _ are estimated ____ ( estimate) to die from air pollution each year.
20. Susan is on vacation in Florida, and she doesn’t take much money with her. So by the end of her vacation, she ____will have spent______ (spend) all her money.
21. Sometimes giving a gift is better than spoken communications, since the message it _ offers ____ (offer) can break through barriers of language.
22. Why do you look worried? Fred left the company half an hour ago. His work __has been left__ (leave) unfinished since.
23. A red light is a warning to drivers and staff that another train is dangerously close and that adjustments need __making/ to be made___ .(make)
24. You ___ have been reading___ (read) the novel for almost five hours. Why not join us and have a cup of tea?
25. John had to have his car repaired in the garage because it ___had been damaged_______ (damage) seriously.
26. The first time we met in a café, both of us felt immediately that we ____had known______ (know) each other for years..
27. A study of ancient writings and evidence ___shows___ (show) that for the past 5000 years, cats have been kept as pets.
28. If their marketing plans succeed, they ____will increase______ (increase) their sales by 20 percent.
29. Population experts predict that most people ____will live______ (live) in cities in the near future.
30. Oh, It’s you! I ____didn’t recognize______(not recognize) you. You look so different. When did you lose your weight?
31. At the current rate, four-fifths of the tremendous project ___is expected__ (expect) to be finished by the end of this year.
32. Will you attend the meeting this evening? But I ____haven’t been told___ (not tell) anything about it.
33. Cole Bettles __had been rejected_____ (reject) by a number of universities when he received an e-mail from the University of California last month.
34. Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the result will be if such a proposal ____is accepted______. (accept)
35. So far this year, no measures ______have been taken______(take) against cruelty to animals despite their protest in the newspaper.
36. By the time the canal ____was opened_/ opened_____ (open) in 1914, the more than 50-mile-long project had cost the United States more than $350 million and employed tens of thousands of people from around the world.
37. Alice’s computer ______has gone______ (go) wrong though she used it only once. You’d better go and check it.
38. No matter how good the finished product is, if it’s not correctly priced it _____won’t sell_____(sell).
39. Is Tom still smoking? No. By next Saturday he ____will have gone______(go) for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.
40. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990’s, when people ____began______ (begin) to enjoy the advantage of this new technology.
41. The old man isn’t really employed at the supermarket. He ____is helping______(help) out voluntarily until the new young assistant arrives.
42. Flexible working time with emphasis on more efficiency ____has been introduced______ (introduce) in some companies, and it is welcomed by most employees.
43. Although he _____stayed_______(stay) in America for a long time, he’s never regretted his making his mind to return to his own country.
44. I’m sorry. We don’t have enough teaching materials to go around. I ____didn’t expect______ (not expect) so many people would attend the lecture.
45. The number of deaths from smoking-related diseases will be reduced greatly if people ____are persuaded______(persuade) to stop smoking at home and in public.
46. According to China’s Ministry of Health, HIV and AIDS cases in China ____have risen____ (rise) by about 30% since 2005.
47. Sally _____was writing______ (write) a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished.
48. The crazy fans ____had been waiting______ (wait) patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
49. Starting around 7,000 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere ____experienced______(experience) temperature warmer than at present.
50. Shall we go to the park now? Not until I ___have finished_______ (finish) my physics exercises.
【阅读语法】
(1)
Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it’s important to distinguish television’s influences on children __1___ those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems__2___ doesn’t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children’s minds.
One traditional belief about television is ___3___ it reduces a child’s ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像). Instead, they learn both explicit and __4____(hide) meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far mo