中考上海市英语宾语从句专题总复习.doc

中考上海市英语宾语从句专题总复习
宾语从句
精选例题
一、连接词
宾语从句的连接词分为三类：
1. 引导陈述句用that（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。
2. 引导一般疑问句用if或whether。
注意：下列几种情况通常使用whether：（1）在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；（2）在介词之后用whether；（3）在不定式前用whether等。
3. 引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。
一Excuse me，could you tell me__________?
—There's a bank on the second floor．You can make it there．[黄冈市]
A. where I can change money         B. how I can get to the bank
C. if there's a bank near here         D. where the bank is
[答案]A．[解析]考查宾语从句的连词用法。根据上下问可知应选A。    
二、语序
       在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词＋陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。
1．—Do you know ______________now?
 一In the People's Hotel．[北京市]
A. where is Tom working        B. where did Tom work
C. where Tom is working        D. where Tom worked
[答案]C．[解析]考查宾语从句要用陈述句语序。宾语从句要注意两点：①从句用陈述句语序；②前后时态要一致。故排除A、B，D时态不对，故选C。
三、时态
1. 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的时态可视情况使用任何一种相关的时态。
2. 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句必须使用过去相应的某一种时态。
3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句是用什么时态，从句时态习惯上都用一般现在时。
4. 情态动词could / would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。
 Excuse me, could you tell me when __the new Olympic Center? 
A. are we visited   B. will we visit     C. we are visited    D. we will visit
[答案]D。 [解析]考查宾语从句的用法。从句要用陈述句语序，而且时态要与主句一致。从句意看本句不能用被动语态，故排除A、c。本题考查的是以when引导的宾语从句。B没用陈述句语序，故排除，此处could只表委婉的语气，并不表过去。
—Could you tell me whom the radio _________by?   
一Sorry，I have no idea．[福州市]
A. invents      B. invented      C. is invented      D. was invented
[答案]D。[解析]考查宾语从句的时态和语态的用法。从句中的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者，这时应使用被动语态，这样A、B两项可以排除。我们还应考虑到，收音机的“发明”一定是过去的事情，所以该句的时态应是一般过去时，谓语的构成为“was／were+动词的过去分词”。
I didn’t understand __________, so I raised my hand to ask..
 A. what my teacher says       B. what does my teacher say
 C. what my teacher said       D. what did my teacher say
 答案为C。本题为宾语从句，由于需要用陈述语序可排除B、D；另外，主句时态为一般过去时，则从句也要用对应的过去时态，故还可排除A。
四、简化
       宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”、“it +形容词+不定式短语”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。
I don’t know what I should do with the letter. （改为简单句）（年山东烟台）
I don’t know what ___________ ___________ with the letter.
       答案与解析：答案为to do。当主句谓语动词是know，learn，forget，remember等，其后接疑问词（连接代词／副词）引导的宾语从句，且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化成“疑问词（连接代词／副词+不定式（短语）”结构，故空白处填to do。
强化训练
I. 句型转换

1. “I can help repair the bike.” said Jerry. (改为宾语从句)
Jerry said __________ he __________ help repair the bike.
2.“Do you have a meeting to attend tomorrow?” I asked Jack. (改为宾语从句)
I asked Jack _________ he _________ a meeting to attend the next day. 
3. “We will go for a picnic this weekend,” Tim said to us. (改为宾语从句)
Tim told us that _______  _______ go for a picnic that weekend. 
4. “Do you often stay up late, Linda?” The teacher asked. (改为宾语从句)
 The teacher asked Linda __________ she often __________ up late. 
5. “Will they come to attend the meeting?” asked the boss. (改为宾语从句)
The boss asked __________ they __________ come to the meeting.  
6. I haven't decided which ferry I shall take to Hong Kong Island.   (改为简单句)
I haven't decided which ferry_____________ ____________ to Hong Kong Island.
7. Detective Ken didn't know how he could deal with this case.  (改为简单句)
Detective Ken didn't know_____________ ____________ deal with this case.
8. Can you tell me when I should water the flowers?  (改为简单句)
Can you tell me_____________ ____________ water the flowers?
9. Tom wondered if he should go or stay at that time.   (改为宾语句)
Tom wondered____________ ____________ go or stay at that time.
10. The boy asked his mother, "Does water freeze at 0℃?" (改为宾语从句)
The boys asked his mother water at 0℃!.
11. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" (改为宾语从句)
Jack's mother asked him he packed his things.
12. Martin asked the man, "Are you Mr. Smith?" (改为宾语从句)
Martin asked the man he Mr. Smith.
13. "What did Father Christmas put in your stocking, Alice?" Mary asked.  (改为宾语从句)
Mary asked Alice what Father Christmas put in stocking.
14. Is the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know. (改为宾语从句)
I don't know the watch made in Shanghai or not.

II. 真题训练

一模
1. Does her aunt live in Canada? I am not sure. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句)（普陀）
I am not sure      her aunt       in Canda.
2. Could you please tell me _________?（奉贤）
A) how can I get to the supermarket B) how could I get to the supermarket
  C)how I can get to the supermarket D) how I could get to the supermarket
3. “What have you learned in the university?” The manager asked Tom. (改为宾语从句)（松江）
   The manager asked Tom            he            learned in the university.
4. “Have you ever been in in a maglev train?” Our science teacher asked us.(合并成一句)（长宁）
Our science teacher asked us________we ________ever been in a maglev train.
5. We haven’t decided _______ we will hang the new painting.（虹口）
A) what   B) where   C) which   D) why
6. Tony asked his mom.” How will we spend the Spring Festival?” (改为宾语从句)
  Tony asked his mom how________ _________ spend the Spring Festival
7.Could you please tell me                   ?（嘉定）
A)how long she has gone to Hong Kong    B)how long she has been in Hong Kong
C)how long has she been in Hong Kong    D)how long she has been to Hong Kong
8. “ Have you ever ridden a shared-bike?” Linda asked her mom.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）（浦东）
   Linda asked her mom _________ she _________ ever ridden  a shared-bike.
9. He didn’t tell us______.(宝山)
A. if he will give us a lecture                 B. whether he would go with you
C. when would he start                      D. when he will arrive
10. Our monitor told us, “We will move to a new campus (校园) next year.” (改为宾语从句)(青浦)
   Our monitor told us that we _____ ______ to a new campus the next year.
11. “What did you do to the poor dog?” the lady asked her son. （改为宾语从句）(黄浦)
 The lady asked her son what he ______ ______ to the poor dog.
12. Tim’s friend asked him. “ Will you apply for a position at IBM Company?”(合并成宾语从句)(崇明)
Tim’s friend asked him _____ he ______ apply for a position at IBM Company.
13. Did Maggie fly to New York alone ? He wonders. ( 改为宾语从句)(闵行)
He wonders______Maggie______to New York alone.

二模
1. We wondered if Judy_______ to Australia next week for business. （普陀）
A. flies    B. have flown     C. has flown     D. would fly
2. I'm planning a trip to the beach tomorrow, but still can't decide____________. （奉贤）
A) where I’m going         B)how I'm going to get there
C) why I am planning it      D)when I'm planning it
3. Can you tell me ______ I can search for information on the Internet?（松江）
  A. what   B. how    C. when        D. where
4. What does Alice send to ms Jones on her birthday every year? Could you tell me?(合并成一句)（长宁）
Could you tell me_____Alice______to Ms Jones on her birthday every year?
5.He said that he _______ to teach kids in the orphanage(孤儿院) after he graduated from school.（徐汇）
A.will volunteer   B.would volunteer  C.has volunteered    D.is volunteering
6. “Are you going to celebrate the opening of the shop?” the secretary asked.(改为宾语从句)（嘉定）
   The secretary asked ________ they _______ going to celebrate the opening of the shop.
7. A: Do you know _______we will know the results of the exam?（宝山）
  B: In two weeks, I suppose
A) how much  B) how far   C) how soon   D) how long
8. The road sign shows us_________________.（青浦） 
A. how can we get to the International Meeting Center   
B. which road leads to the International Meeting Center
C. where is the International Meeting Center
D. what can we do in the International Meeting Center
9.“Can I pay for the e-book by credit card?" Jane asked the shop assistant.(改为宾语从句）（黄浦）
Jane asked the shop assistant whether______ ______ pay for thee-book by credit card.
10. “ What will you do after leaving secondary school ? ” asked my parents. (合并成宾语从句)（崇明）
    My parents asked ______ I ______ do after leaving secondary school.
11.I asked the teacher, “Can I ask for leave this afternoon?”（合并为一句）（静安）
  I asked the teacher_____ I_____ ask for leave this afternoon.
12. Mum asked,”Why are you wearing Linda’s clothes?”(改为宾语从句)（杨浦）
Mum asked me why ____ ______ wearing Linda’s clothes.
13. ‘How can I improve my English?’The boy asked the teacher. (改为宾语从句)（闵行）
The boy asked the teacher_______he_______improve his English .

二、英语书面表达专项训练
2．环境保护人人有责， 如果我们每一个人都能珍爱美丽地球 保护自然资源，相信我们的家园会越来越美好。
某英文网站正在开展以“Going Green”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈我们面临的主要环境问题是什么，为改善环境我们能做什么，以及你的期望。
提示词语： pollution, protect, save, recycle, take action
提示问题：● What are the main environmental problems we have?● What can we do in our daily life? ● What’s your wish?
Now there are many environmental problems.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Now there are many environmental problems. Such as air pollution, water pollution and so on.
I believe that there are many things we can do in our daily life, we can save energy by go to school by bike or on foot. We can use less water by turning off the tap while we brush our teeth, and taking shorter showers. When we see litter on the ground, we must pick it up and put it into different bins.
I hope everyone can take action. Although each one of us may only do a little, together we can make a big difference. Let’s work together to make a better place to live.
【解析】
【详解】
题干解读：该题目属于说明文写作，写作时要把我们面临的主要环境问题是什么，为改善环境我们能做什么，以及你的期望全部包括。
例文点评：例文采用的是三段式；用第一人称来叙述为改善环境我们能做什么；时态采用的是一般现在时，描述建议时，描写具体，条理清晰。
高分亮点：
短语：save energy；brush our teeth；put it into different bins；take action；make a big difference。
句型：When we see litter on the ground, we must pick it up and put it into different bins；Although each one of us may only do a little, together we can make a big difference。
【点睛】
首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达，例如save energy；brush our teeth；put it into different bins；take action；make a big difference。以及状语从句等；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；最后，要仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符号误用等，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。

3．今天手机在我们日常生活中已广泛使用。但中学生在学校是否应该持有手机，一些学生和老师有不同的观点。你们学校的校刊英文版正在就此举行征文活动，请根据下列表格提示的内容，用英语写一篇征文。

观点
理由
一些学生
赞成拥有
方便与家长联系；
一些老师
反对拥有
有学生用手机玩游戏；有学生用手机作弊；
你的观点

1. 2.

要求：
1. 表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；`
2. 必须包含表格所给的提示信息，并作适当发挥；
3. 词数：80-100词左右（征文的开头已给出，不计入总词数）。
Mobile phones have been used widely in our daily life today._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Mobile phones have been used widely in our daily life today. With the development of economy, mobile phones are more and more widely used in our daily life. However, some parents and teachers have different ideas about whether the students should use mobile phones at school.
Some students are for it. They think that it is convenient to contact with parents. Mobile phones will make them more interested in learning so that they can learn more quickly and easily.
Some teachers are against it．They think that some students can't control themselves and often play games. What's worse, some students cheat in exams by using mobile phones. Besides, using mobile phones too much does great harm to students' eyes.
In my opinion, I think it is helpful for students to use mobile phones in a right way. Firstly，students can learn more knowledge using mobile phones. At the same time, parents and teachers should do something to help students. Only in this way can mobile phones be of help to their studies.
【解析】
【详解】
本篇写作需注意要求中所提供的要点，不可遗漏。需在平时积累相关的词汇，写作中注意语义通顺，符合逻辑关系，上下文之间可以适当使用连接词。如but, so, then等。可以适当使用高分句型。
【点睛】
高分句型：I think it is helpful for students to use mobile phones in a right way．我认为正确的方式使用手机对学生是有帮助的。
I think+宾语从句。
It is+形容词 for sb to do sth做某事对某人来说是…的。

4．你是一位九年级的学生李明，你用英语写一封邮件给你的笔友Amy，感谢她对你关心，并告诉她目前你在全力以赴为中考而学习，并与她交流一下目前的学习和生活情况。要点如下：
(1). 虽然你大部分功课你都学得比较好，但是你对自己不满意。你认为自己学习上还要多花工夫。
(2). 你的父母对你严格要求，但是也很关心你。（举例说明，适当发挥2—3句）……
(3). 老师很乐意帮助你们。他们希望你们实现自己的理想。他们说（适当发挥2—3句）……
注意：
(1). 要求语句通顺，意思连贯。
(2). 第2要点和第3要点要用2—3句话作适当发挥。
(3). 词数90个左右，邮件开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Hello!
Dear Amy, thank you for caring.
Now I am working hard for the senior high school entrance examination.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How about you? I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours
Li Ming
【答案】例文Hello!
Dear Amy, thank you for caring.
Now I am working hard for the senior high school entrance examination. I have got good results in most of my subjects, but I am not happy with myself. I think I must spend more time on my studies.
My parents are really strict with me. However, they care for me as well. Once upon a time, I failed in my physics exam and felt stressed and sad. They had a close communication with me and helped me solve my problems and cheer up again.
My teachers are also ready to help us. They hope that we can realize our dreams. They tell us to try our best and not to give up. Life is always full of ups and downs. It's important not to be afraid of any kind of difficulty.
How about you? I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours
Li Ming
【解析】
【详解】
本文属于材料作文，告诉艾米目前你在全力以赴为中考而学习，并与她交流一下目前的学习和生活情况。根据要表达的内容确定并准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。
亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好的完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态、主谓一致，特别使用一些亮点词句，如get good results, spend+时间+on sth, be strict with, however, care for, as well, once upon a time, help sb do, cheer up, be ready to, tell sb to do, try one’s best to do, be full of以及it is adj to do sth等，增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，用词准确，句子通顺，行文连贯。
【点睛】
写作时可以从以下几个方面做起：
认真