上海进才中学阅读理解中考英语专项训练含答案解析.doc

上海进才中学阅读理解中考英语专项训练含答案解析

一、中考英语阅读理解汇编
1．阅读理解

    Each year on Feb 21, UNESCO （联合国教科文组织） holds an International Mother Language Day （IMLD）. The event is to help people to pay attention to the disappearance of the world's languages; many of them are disappearing each year. UNESCO sees this as a terrible fact.
    What happens when a language dies out? Something great is lost-not just sounds and marks but the way that people understand the world and communicate with each other. We keep different cultures and traditions through languages. Kill a language and all these are killed too.
    Through IMLD, more and more people come to realize he terrible situation and try to stop it.
    Google's 2018 Endangered （濒临灭绝的） Languages Project is a good example. Many speakers and protectors of endangered languages upload （上传） texts, audios and videos to the project website. They want to introduce the way that people communicate and express themselves around the world.
    The Myaamia Project is the same kind of effort to revive the language spoken by the Miami tribes （部落） of the United States. Project members work to encourage people to study and communicate with this language, which died out in the 1960s.
    These activities give life to those endangered languages. People who work to keep Languages alive are not limited to the past. Many young people design apps and use social media to support their activities. They "spread the word" to save the world.
    So, while the problem of disappearing languages remains a very serious one, there is hope. We all have a special feeling of our mother language. This is why we should remember the wise words of late president of South Africa, Nelson Mandela: "If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to a man in his own language，that goes to his heart."
（1）UNESCO holds IMLD every year in order to help people to ________.
A. learn and use endangered languages
B. show their talents in learning languages
C. practice reading skills of mother languages
D. realize the situation of endangered languages
（2）What did people do in Google's 2018 Endangered Languages Project?
A. Discuss how to make good use of Google.
B. Offer online courses on endangered languages.
C. Share materials about endangered languages online.
D. Translate endangered languages into mother languages.
（3）What does the underlined word "revive" mean in Paragraph （段落） 4?
A. 创造                                     B. 学习                                     C. 复活                                     D. 清除
（4）What can we infer （推断） from Paragraph 5?
A. It is more difficult to protect endangered languages.
B. The disappearance of languages has already stopped.
C. Young people don't care about endangered languages.
D. Young people have creative ways to protect languages.
（5）The writer mentions Nelson Mandela's words in order to _________.
A. tell the importance of one's mother language
B. show his contributions to language protection
C. tell the trouble in learning endangered languages
D. show the possibility of protecting mother languages
【答案】 （1）A
（2）C
（3）C
（4）D
（5）A
【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要介绍了联合国教科文组织举办的国际母语日和迈阿密工程，并强调了母语保留的重要性。
（1）细节理解题。根据The event is to help people to pay attention to the disappearance of the world's languages. 这次活动是为了帮助人们关注世界语言的消失，可知，国际母语日的目的是帮助人们学习和使用濒危语言。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。由句子Many speakers and protectors of endangered languages upload （上传） texts, audios and videos to the project website. They want to introduce the way that people communicate and express themselves around the world. 许多濒危语言的说话者和保护者上传文本、音频和视频到项目网站。他们想要介绍世界各地的人们交流和表达自己的方式。可知，人们在谷歌2018年的濒危语言项目中在线分享了有关濒危语言的材料。故选C。
（3）词意猜测题。根据下文 Project members work to encourage people to study and communicate with this language, which died out in the 1960s. 项目的成员鼓励人们用这种在19世纪60年代消失的语言学习和交流，可知Myaamia项目使的人们重新使用美国迈阿密部落所说的语言，因此revive意为“重新使用”即“复活”。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据第五段Many young people design apps and use social media to support their activities. 许多年轻人设计APP并使用社交媒体来支持他们的活动，可知，年轻人有自己创造性的保护语言的方法。故选D。
（5）推理判断题。根据"If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to a man in his own language，that goes to his heart." “如果你用一种他能理解的语言与一个人交谈，那会进入他的头脑。如果你用他自己的语言和他说话，那就可以进入他的内心。”可知，作者提到纳尔逊·曼德拉的话是为了强调母语的重要性，即真正使人理解。故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和词义猜测题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词义猜测题需要联系上下文，了解句子大意之后推测单词的意思。

2．阅读理解
    What should we do if one of our classmates suddenly falls ill or gets hurt? Here are some steps you should follow. But always remember to look for medical care after first aid（急救） if the wound is serious.
    Broken bones（骨头）: Take away clothing from the wound, Use an ice pack. Don't move the hurt body part while waiting for the doctor to arrive.
    Animal bites（咬伤）: Wash the bite area with soap and water. Pack the wound with a clean cloth if it is bleeding. If the bleeding has stopped, cover the area with a bandage and take the person to hospital. Make sure you remember what kind of animal it is, so the doctor can find the right way to treat him or her at once.
    Fainting（昏厥）: Have him or her lie with feet lifted a little. Don't move the body if you think there might be wounds from the fall, Make sure he or she can breathe and let in fresh air. Clean the person's face with a cool cloth.
    Nosebleeds: Have the person sit up with his or her head tilted（倾斜） forward a little, Do not have the person tilt his or her head back because this may cause heavy breathing or coughing. Pinch（捏） the lower part of the nose for at least 10 minutes.
（1）What should we do first when an animal bite happens?
A. Put an ice pack on the wound.                       B. Wash the bite area with soap and water.
C. Try to stop the bleeding with a clean cloth.   D. Take the injured person to the hospital.
（2）When dealing with the problems of ____________, we shouldn't move the hurt.
A. broken bones and animal bites                      B. animal bites and nosebleeds
C. broken bones and fainting                             D. fainting and nosebleeds
（3）Which of the following is NOT right when a boy's nose bleeds?
A. Let his head not tilt back.                                B. Let his head tilt forward a little.
C. Let him sit up.                                                   D. Pinch his nose for less than 10 minutes.
（4）Which part of a magazine may the passage come from?
A. Lifestyle.                            B. Health.                            C. Sports.                            D. Education.
（5）What's the main idea of the passage?
A. First aid for some accidental wounds.            B. Steps of looking for medical care.
C. Advice on ways not to get hurt.                      D. Ways to ask for help in getting hurt.
【答案】 （1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
（5）A
【解析】【分析】主要讲了四种意外伤害的急救知识。
（1）细节题。根据Animal bites（咬伤）: Wash the bite area with soap and water.可知动物咬伤时用肥皂和水清洗，故选B。
（2）细节题。根据Broken bones（骨头）: Don't move the hurt body part while waiting for the doctor to arrive.和Fainting（昏厥）: Don't move the body if you think there might be wounds from the fall可知当骨折和昏厥时不要移动伤者，故选C。
（3）细节题。根据Pinch（捏） the lower part of the nose for at least 10 minutes.可知当流鼻血时捏鼻子更低的部分至少10分钟，而不是整个鼻子，故选D。
（4）推断题。根据全文可知讲了意外伤害的急救，所以可能来自健康部分，即health，故选B。
（5）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了四种意外伤害的急救知识，故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

3．阅读理解
    When you enter my home for the first time, you will always be impressed with a small and white envelope（信封）. No name, no address. It has hung on our Christmas tree for about 10 years.
    It all began because my husband Mike hated Christmas. He didn't hate the true meaning of Christmas, but the commercial（商业的） way of it, spending too much on the usual Christmas gifts, such as rushing into a store to buy a tie for Uncle Harry.
    Knowing he felt this way, I decided not to buy the usual gifts, such as shirts and sweaters. I reached for something special for Mike. The idea came in an unusual way.
    Our son Kevin, 12, was wrestling（摔跤） at the school. Before Christmas there was a match against a team helped by a city church, mostly poor kids. As the match began, I was surprised to see the other team wrestling only wearing the old clothes because they couldn't afford the wrestling uniforms, while our boys in their blue and gold uniforms. Of course, we ended up with beating them.
    Mike, seated beside me, shook his head sadly," I wish just one of them could have won. In fact, they could if they had worn the uniforms. They have talent for wrestling, but losing like this could take the heart right out of them."
    Mike loved kids-all kids and he knew them, having trained kids football and baseball. At that time, I thought of the idea for the gift.
    That afternoon, I went to a store and bought some wrestling uniforms and sent them to the city church for the kids without leaving my name.
    On Christmas Eve, I put the envelope on the tree, the note inside telling Mike what I had done and telling him that this was his gift from me. His smile was the greatest thing about Christmas that year and the next years.
    You see, we lost Mike now. But every Christmas Eve I would put an envelope on the tree, and in the morning, three more joined it. Each of our children had secretly put an envelope on the tree for their dad.
    Mike's spirit, like the Christmas spirit, will always be with us.
（1）Mike hated Christmas because he           .
A. disliked receiving the same gifts every year
B. didn't like people spending too much money on gifts
C. didn't understand the true meaning of Christmas
D. hated rushing into a store to buy a tie for Uncle Harry
（2）We can infer（推断） from the passage that the writer is a（n）            .
A. brave and outgoing man                                B. loving and patient man
C. strict and serious woman                                 D. understanding and kind woman
（3）The sentence underlined in Paragraph 5 means            .
A. they didn't have talent because they lost the match
B. they wouldn't accept the result because of the old clothes
C. they might lose heart after they were badly beaten in this way
D. they tried to cheer themselves up even if they failed in the match
（4）It can be learnt from the passage that          .
A. the writer sends gifts to children every Christmas
B. the children now prefer new toys to the envelope
C. the white envelope was a gift from the poor kids
D. Mike's spirit will have a strong influence on his children forever
【答案】 （1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了包在信封了的圣诞节的秘密。
（1）细节题。根据 He didn't hate the true meaning of Christmas, but the commercial（商业的） way of it, spending too much on the usual Christmas gifts, such as rushing into a store to buy a tie for Uncle Harry 可知Mike不喜欢圣诞节是因为不喜欢冲进商店给哈里叔叔买领带，故选D。
（2）推理题。根据 I went to a store and bought some wrestling uniforms and sent them to the city church for the kids without leaving my name. 和 ...will always be with us 可知作者是有爱心有耐心的人，故选B。
（3）词义猜测题。根据 They have talent for wrestling, but losing like this could take the heart right out of them 他们有摔跤的天赋，但是这样的失败会让他们失去信心，可知but losing like this could take the heart right out of them的意思是 他们可能会因为这样被打得很厉害而失去信心 ，故选C。
（4）推理题。根据 Mike's spirit, like the Christmas spirit, will always be with us.可知迈克的精神将永远影响他的孩子们，故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题3种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意。

4．阅读理解
    Swimming and English Learning Can you swim? Do you like swimming? Yes? Well, how can you learn to swim? I think the best way is to go into the water and learn. I'm afraid you'll never learn to swim just by reading books about swimming or looking at others swimming. It's the same with the English study. We must practice, practice and practice.
    Listening and speaking are very important for beginners. The children in English-speaking countries first listen to others. Then they try to imitate and speak. We can listen to English programs on radio. You may just understand a few words. It doesn't matter. Just be relaxed, try to catch every word.
    Somebody may be a good listener. But he dare not speak. He's afraid of making mistakes. You know we sometimes make mistakes when we speak Chinese. Don't be afraid. We must be brave. If you really want to learn English well, you must try to speak with everyone so long as he knows English. Whether you know him or not is not important. When there's nobody to talk with, you can talk to yourself in English. It's interesting and also a good way to practice your spoken English. Remember, the more you speak, the fewer mistakes you'll make.
    Reading and writing are more important for senior school students. First we must choose the books we're interested in. A lot of reading will improve your language sense. This is the most important.
    Keep writing English diaries. We can also write English articles. You may even post them to English magazines. Don't be afraid of failure. Failure is the mother of success.
    Easier said than done. Well, let's do more practice from now on. I'm sure you'll learn English well in this way.
（1）You can learn to swim by ______.
A. reading books about it                                    B. looking at others swimming
C. having lessons on it                                         D. going into the river and learning
（2）We should learn English by ______.
A. listening and speaking            B. reading and writing            C. A and B            D. swimming
（3）What will you do with mistakes when you speak?
A. Don't make mistakes.      B. Study hard.      C. Try not to speak English.      D. Don't be afraid.
【答案】 （1）D
（2）C
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了几个如何学好英语的几个方法。
（1）细节题。根据 I think the best way is to go into the water and learn 可知学游泳最好的办法是下水学习 ，故选D。
（2）细节题。根据 Listening and speaking are very important for beginners. 和 Reading and writing are more important for senior school students 可知我们应该通过听说读写来学英语，故选C。
（3）推理题。根据 Don't be afraid of failure. Failure is the mother of success 可知当你说话时不要怕犯错，故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题2种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文。

5．阅读理解
    Parents of very young children know this: You catch your child in the act of stealing the cookie—the evidence（证据） of candy written on his or her face. However, you get a wide-eyed denial "I didn't do it!"
    Learning to tell the truth, even at the risk of punishment, is an important part of moral （道德） development, and new research suggests it can take seven or more years for kids to get there.
    Early 2017 Professor Craig E. Smith published a study. He and his workmates chose 48 children between four and nine years of age. They told the kids a story about