人教版九年级英语上被动语态.doc

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科目
英语
年级
九年级
班型
培优班
教师

课时
11/20
课 题
被动语态
学习重点
语态是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。语态分为“主动语态”和“被动语态”两种，其中，主动语态强调动作的执行者；被动语态强调动作的承受者。
被动语态是初中阶段英语学习的重要知识点之一。考查被动语态的形式较多，同学们比较害怕的是在完形填空、阅读理解中遇到被动语态与其他语言点混合搭配构成长难句，导致在语篇理解时，总有磕磕绊绊的感觉，甚至彻底迷失在语态和多重复合句中。
今天，我们就先从基础知识入手，三步搞定被动语态。希望通过这个小专题的学习，帮助大家迅速掌握被动语态的基本形态和判定方式。
一、被动语态定义
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示主语是动作的承受者，汉语意为："被"、"受"、"给"等。动作的执行者由介词“by”引出。
英语中使用被动语态的情况通常有：
1. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者；
2. 强调动作的承受者；
3. 句子的主语是动作的承受者。
例：1. Our teacher told us a sports meeting would be held in our school next week.
老师告诉我们运动会下周在我们学校举行。（没必要指出动作执行者）
2. Little Tom is often laughed at because of his accent. 
由于Tom的口音，他总是被人嘲笑。（强调动作承受者）
3. The super star just stepped out of the room and then was immediately recognized by the passersby.
这个明星刚刚走出房间就立刻被路人认出来了。（句子的主语是动作的承受者）

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二、被动语态的结构与时态
被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。
时态
助动词be
过去分词
一般现在时
am/is/are
done
一般过去时
was/were
现在进行时
am/is/are being
过去进行时
was/were being
现在完成时
have/has been
过去完成时
had been
一般将来时
will be
am/is/are going to be
过去将来时
would/should be
was/were going to be
情态动词
情态动词+be
提醒：
被动语态所有的时态都体现在助动词“be”上，过去分词的部分不随时态变化而变化。
备注：初中阶段接触的9大时态（附表中阴影部分）中，现在完成进行时没有被动语态。

一般
进行
完成
完成进行
现在
√
√
√
×
过去
√
√
√
×
将来
√
×
√
×
过去将来
√
×
√
×
典型例句：
1. The pet dog is treated kindly by its owner. （一般现在时）
2. A dog was knocked down by a car yesterday. （一般过去时）
3. As people pay more attention to environment protection, more and more trees will be planted. （一般将来时）
4. Our teacher told us a sports meeting would be held in our school next week.（过去将来时）
5. My bike is being repaired now, so I have to go to school on foot. （现在进行时）

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6. We went to the library for some books, only to find that it was being decorated. （过去进行时）
7. English has been learned by us for many years. （现在完成时）
8. The dinner had been prepared well when I arrived home.（过去完成时）
9. These flowers should be watered every day.（情态动词）
三、解题思路
第一步：寻找标志词“by”：提示：有些题目中并不出现“by”。
第二步：判断主被动：即：通过逻辑，判断主语与谓语动词之间的关系是主动还是被动。
第三步：判断时态及主谓一致：通过时间词或上下文语境判断动作发生时间，即时态；主语和谓语动词的数应该保持一致。

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学习过程
1.【2016广东】He Jiang ________ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.
A. invites B. invited C. is invited D. was invited
2.【2015北京】These model cars ________ in China in 2013.
A. are made B. were made C. make D. made
3．【2015天津】The novel ________ by many people today.
A. is read B. are read C. reads D. were read
4. 【2015重庆】--- How clean your car is!
--- Thank you. It ________ very often.
A. is washed B. washes C. was washed D. washed
5. 【2015湖北黄冈】
---Do you think teenagers ________ to make their own decisions?
---No, I don't agree with you. They're too young to do that.
A. encourage B. are encouraging C. are encouraged D. were encouraged
6. 【2015江苏南京】Pukou Railway Station ________ in 1911 and it has become a filming location for films and TV plays in recent years.
A. build B. is built C. built D. was built
7. 【2016北京】A new road ________ near my school next year.
A. builds B. will build C. is built D. will be built
8. 【2016河北】Emily is glad that she ________ for her honesty at the meeting.
A. praise B. praised C. is praised D. was praised
9. 【2016陕西】Football ________ to our school subjects last year.
A. is added B. adds C. was added D. added
10. 【2016山东青岛】Children should ________ to be honest from a young age.
A. educate B. be educated C. punish D. be punished

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主动和被动语态的转换
转换方式：① 将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；② 将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be
＋动词的过去分词 done”结构；③ 将主动语态的主语改为介词 by 之后的宾语，放在谓语 动词之后（有时可省略）。
例句：Ironman hits Spiderman every day. 钢铁侠每天打蜘蛛侠。
→_Spiderman is hit by Ironman everyday.

动词短语变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语也可以有被动语态。
转换方式：动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介 词和副词。
例句： He always takes care of his sister. 他总是照顾他的妹妹。
→His sister is always taken care of by him.

带宾语和宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态
转换方式：变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补 足语。
例句：All the villagers painted the houses white. 所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。
→The_houses are painted white by all the villagers.

双宾语改为被动语态
转换方式：谓语动词带双宾语时，既可将间接宾语转化成主语，也可将直接宾语转化成主语。 方式一：若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；方式二：若将直接宾语转化为 主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词 to 或 for。
例句：He gave her some books. 他给了她一些书。
→She was given some books by him.（间接宾语转化 主语）
→Some books were given her by him.（直接宾语转化 为主语）

主动结构表示被动含义
1. open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash 等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物 时，可用主动语态表示被动意义，用来描述主语特征。
例句：The door won't lock． 这个门锁不上。 This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很好洗。
2. look, smell, sound, taste 等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
例句：I think the fish must taste good. 我认为这个鱼肯定尝起来很棒。 Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很充分。
3. want/ need/ require +doing 相当于 want/ need/ require + to be done。
例句：The house needs repairing.这房子需要修理。
→_The house needs to be repaired. _
练习：
1．—What's the meaning of the activity "Let's Save"？
—Paper shouldn't in everyday life．（ ）

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A．waste B．wasted C．be wasted D．is wasted
2．The Dongying-Hainan airline for about 5 months．I have taken the flights three times．（ ）
A．is open B．has opened C．has been open D．has been opened
3．My house when you visited Beijing last time，so I didn't invite you to my home．（ ）
A．was being decorated B．is being decorated
C．has been decorated D．was decorated
4．My e﹣mail_ _to you last night．Have you received it_ ？（ ） A．sent；yet B．is sent；already C．was sent；yet
5．In the past few years，thousands of films all over the world．（ ） A．have produced B．have been produced
C．are producing D．are being produced
6．—It's difficult for the village children to cross the river for school．
—I think a bridge over the river．（ ）
A．should be built B．is being built C．has been built D．was built
7．The World Expo（世博会） in Shanghai now．（ ）
A．being had B．is having C．is holding D．is being held

8．Now it's much easier to shop online when your order is ready，the things you want to buy to you soon．（ ）
A．send B．were sent C．are sending D．will be sent
巩固练习：

从下面各题所给选项中，选择最佳选项。
1. （2015·青岛）We _____ to start at once, or we will miss the train.
A．tell B．have told C．are told D．told
2.—Does she like singing English songs?

—Yes. She _____ to sing English songs in her room.
A．often does B．is often heard C．often hears
3.（2014·新疆阜康、米泉）—Mary was heard _____ just now. What happened? —John was telling a joke.
A．cry B．to cry C．laugh D．to laugh
4. It is said that the project connecting the mainland and Hong Kong _____ soon.
A．is completed B．has completed C．will complete D．will be completed
5. These new clothes _____ to the children in the village tomorrow.
A．are sent B．were sent C．will send D．will be sent
6.More workers _____ in the city because the government plans to build a lot of buildings.
A．need B．is needed C．was needed D．will be needed
7.—A new park _____ in our hometown next year. —Really? Our hometown must be more beautiful.
A．will build B．will be built C．is built D．will built be
8.The sports meeting _____ next month.
A．will hold B．is going to hold C．will be held

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9.It is reported that Daimiao Culture Square _____ in Taian next year.
A．will be built B．were built C．has built D．will build
10.The computer is broken. _____ it _____ today?
A．Will; repair B．Has; repaired C．Will; be repaired D．Has; been repaired.
11.（2013·内蒙古呼和浩特）If you see the cartoon film, you will _____ laugh.
A．be made B．be made to C．make to D．make
12.（中考·长沙）—I am afraid that I can't finish the task successfully.—Don't worry. You _____ plenty of time to do it.
A．will be given B．give C．will give
13. Each time tourists travel to Beijing, they _____ the Forbidden City.
A．will be shown up B．will be shown around C．will show around D．will show to
14.（2015·河南）Now it's much easier to shop online. When your order is ready, the things you want to buy _____ to your soon.
A．send B．were sent C．are sending D．will be sent
15.(2013广东中山三校联考,33,★★☆) These new clothes _____ to the children in the mountain villages tomorrow.
A．are sent B．were sent C．has been sent D．will be sent
16.（2014辽宁沈阳，11，★★☆）The office phones are dirty and they _____ next week.
A．will clean B．will be cleaned C．are cleaning D．are cleaned
17. I'm afraid the task _____ in four hours. We need two more hours.
A．won't finish B．won't be finished C．didn't finish D．wasn't finished
18.— A new play _____ at the theatre tomorrow evening.

— Really? Good news!
A．is put on B．will be put on C．was put on D．will put on
19.As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese _____ in more and more schools out of our country.
A．teaches B．is taught C．has taught D．was taught
20.—Congratulations! You _____ to be a volunteer of BRICS meeting. —Really! I can't believe it!
A．choose B．have chosen C．are chosen

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