名词性从句归纳.doc

Vision 语法归纳 — 名词性从句
名词性从句归纳
一、名词性从句概说、结构与功能
名词性从句是起名词作用的从句，其功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。与之对应的名词性从句分别为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句需要由不同的关联词来引导，和主句相连。

主语从句
宾语从句

表语从句

同位语从句
动宾
介宾
that
不省略
可以省略
不省略
不省略
不省略
whether/if
放于句首
用whether
均可使用
但有区别
只用
whether
只用
whether
只用
whether
特殊疑问词
陈述句语序
关系从句
陈述句语序
二、主语从句
1、主语从句的类别
●以从属连词that 引导的主语从句。（从句位于句首，that通常不省略）
→ That she will come to the conference has excited every one of us.
●以从属连词 whether 引导的主语从句。（从句置于句首时一般不用if来代替whether）
→ Whether we’ll go outing depends on the weather.
●以连接代词（what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever等词）引导的主语从句。
→ Whoever will be in charge of the project hasn’t been decided yet.
【注】what 与 that在引导主语从句时，what 不但起连接作用，而且还有具体意义，意为“所…的”，相当于 the things that结构；而that则无词义。即如果从句中不缺少主语或宾语时，选择that，否则用 what。
●以连接副词（when，where, how, why 等词）引导的主语从句.
→ When the new road is open to traffic has not been made clear.
2、用 it 作形式主语的主语从句
注：以下几种特殊情况必须用it作形式主语：
⑴ It is + adj. + that 从句
常见的形容词有：necessary，right，likely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange 等。
→ It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.
⑵ It is + noun + that 从句
常接这种句型的名词有： a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honor, a wonder, no wonder 等。
→ It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture [讲座] yesterday.
⑶ It is + 过去分词
常见的分词有：said, heard, reported, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, thought, considered, pointed out,
well known, hoped, turned out 等词
→ It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment.
⑷ It + 特殊动词 + that从句
常用于这种结构的动词有：seem，happen（碰巧），appear， occur 等。
→ It seems to me that you object to the plan.
It happened that I didn’t take any money with me.
⑸ It doesn’t matter how/whether… 结构中的主语从句
→ It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
三、宾语从句
1、动词的宾语从句
⑴大多数动词都可以带有宾语从句 → We all expect that they will win this match.
常见的动词有：hope, tell, say, know, think, consider, imagine, hear, expect, suppose, guess 等。
⑵ 有些“动词+副词”结构也可带宾语从句。
→ I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
⑶ 可以运用形式宾语it的宾语从句：
① 动词 find, feel, think, consider, make, believe 等后有宾语补足语时，需要用it 作形式宾语而讲that宾语从句后置。
→ I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
② 动词hate, take, have, see to等词在带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。
▲（若宾语从句是“WH”系列引导，其后有to be短语作宾补，则不可以用it替代。）
→ I take it that you will agree with us.
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
2、介词的宾语从句
⑴一般情况下，介词后面只能用“WH”系列连接词来引导的宾语从句。
→ We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
▲ 用that引导从句作介词宾语时，需要用形式宾语it替代，然后将that从句发在最后。
→ You may depend on it that I shall always help you.
⑵ 偶尔的情况下， except, but, besides, in四个介词后面可接that引导的宾语从句
→ I know nothing about my new neighbor expect that he used to work in a company.
I prefer his plan to yours in that I think it is more practical. (in that 表示原因)
He would have failed but that you helped him. (but that 要不是，若非)
3、形容词的宾语从句
⑴sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied, sorry等表示“情感”色彩的形容词后也可以带宾语从句。
→ He is sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.
⑵当主句中的谓语动词是 think, say, guess, suppose, suggest, believe, feel, consider时，宾语从句的引导词
表示疑问时，需要放在句首。
→ Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
4、 if和whether在宾语从句中用法的区别
▲ Whether和if在作“是否”讲时：
Ⅰ在下列几种情况下只能用whether。
⑴当被引导的宾语从句置于句首时。
→ Whether they will join in the winter camp I don’t care.
⑵ 引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时。
→ We are talking about whether he will come next week.
⑶ 从句中有“or not”时。
→ I don’t care whether the work will take long or not.
⑷ 引导词后接动词不定式时。
→ I am just wondering whether to stay for another hour or just start off right away.
⑸ 当从句部分用if 引导时，容易出现歧义时。
→ Let me know whether you can come.
*(此句话中若出现if，则不能判定if表示的含义为“是否”还是“如果”，容易有歧义。)
Ⅱ在动词ask, know, wonder, 词后，只能用if。
5、不可省略that的宾语从句
⑴当that作learn, suggest, explain, agree, wonder, prove, mean, state, feel, hold等动词的宾语时，常不省略。
→ I have learnt that most of the students who are interested in Chinese take interest in English.
⑵当宾语从句比较长时，that不省略。
→ We all think that what the public is badly in need of is nothing but the development of economy.
(我们大家都认为所急需的不是别的正是经济发展.)
⑶当主句状语置于宾语从句之前时。
→ I realized at once that I had done wrong immediately she told me all about this.
⑷当宾语从句的状语或状语从句置于其句首时。
→ He told us that, if we could all come to help out, the whole situation would be looking up.
⑸当主句谓语动词（或非谓语动词）与宾语从句之间有插入语时。
→ When Marx got to England, he found, however, that his English was so limited that he couldn’t go on with his common affairs.
⑹当一个动词带有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以。
→ Then he began to talk to us about the French language, saying (that) it was the most beautiful tongue in the world, and that we must keep it among is and never forget it.
⑺当宾语从句的主语是this，that，或this，that为主语的定语时。
→ Some students think that this kind of book can help them improve their English grammar.
He said that the word that I wrote on the blackboard was wrong。
⑻当宾语从句为双宾语的直接宾语时。
→ He told me that he would put some signs on the envelope.
⑼当宾语从句的主语为非谓语动词或主语从句时。
→ However, many people simply couldn’t believe that what he had written was true.
⑽当宾语从句中有it为其形式宾语时。
→ We all considered it important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.
( 此类动词详见三、1、⑶、① 部分 )
6、宾语从句的否定转移及其语气
▷主句的谓语是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等时，从句的否定一般要转
到主句上来，其反意疑问句的主语一般和宾语从句的主语保持一致。
→ I don’t think they’ll stick out to the last minute.
I don’t suppose that’s his fault, is it?
▷宾语从句的特殊语气：
⑴动词wish之后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。→ I wish I were a bird.
⑵动词suggest, advise, order, insist, demand, command, request, require的宾语从句用“should + do”形式。
insist + that 坚持要求……（接【should】 do）；坚持认为……（接一致时态）
suggest +that 建议……（接【should】 do） ； 暗示…… （接一致时态）

四、表语从句
1、表语从句的特殊连接词
⑴除了基本的连接词可以连接表语从句以外，because, as if/though, as, like等连接词也可引导表语从句。
→ He has heart disease. That is because he has been smoking too much.
⑵除了be 动词以外，可以用于表语从句的连系动词有：seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel, remain等。
→ It looks as if it is going to rain.
2、表语从句中需要注意的几个问题
⑴reason 为主语时的表语从句
主语为reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why.
→ The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much.
⑵如果主句的主语为idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，则谓语动词一律用“（should）+动词原形”形式。
→ My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying in aside.
五、同位语从句
1、同位语从句常用的先行词
常用的先行词有：belief，doubt, explanation, hope, idea, news, opinion, possibility, statement, thought, wish, truth, fact, question, promise, problem, reply, report, suggestion, advice, order, fear, warning, news, story, propose，etc.
2、同位语从句和定语从句的判断方法
同位语用以说明名词表示的具体内容，定语从句则是用来说明名词的性质、特征、来源等。
凡是同位语从句，皆可改为“The fact/news/idea/order/truth/thought is/was that…” 结构形式。
→ The news that our team won the game excited us all.
本句可改为： The news was that our team won the game. 因此是同位语从句

The news that the radio broadcast this morning is not true at all.
不可以改为： The news that the radio broadcast this morning is not true at all. 因此是定语从句。
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