大学英语四六级翻译题举例及解析.doc

翻译策略
1)分句法　　把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。　　例1八月中旬，修理组人员在骄阳下工作。　　译文: It was in mid-August,and the repair section operatedunder the blazing sun.（一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句）　　例2 他为人单纯而坦率。来源：考试大　　译文: He was a simple man.His mind was open. (一个单句拆分成两个简单句了)
　　例3 The mother might have spoken withunderstandable pride of her child.
　　译文:母亲谈到她的孩子时，也许有自豪感，这是可以理解的。（形容词被拆开）　　例4 I wrote four books in the first threeyears,a record never touched before.
　　译文:我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。（名词短语拆开）
2)合句法　　把原文中两个或以上的简单句，主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。　　例5她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。　　译文:She had made several attempts to help themfind other rental quarters without success.（多个简单句合成一个单句）　　例6他们有遵守交通规则，机器出了故障。　　译文：His failure to observe the safety regulations resultedin an accident to the machinery.（并列复合句合成一个单句）　　例7 When we praise the Chineseleadership and the people, we are not merely beingpolite.
　　译文：我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。（主从复合句合成一个单句）　　　　　　

Exercise 1来源：考试大的美女编辑们1._______________（通过体育锻炼），we can always stay healthy.
2.According to the scientific research,_____________ （听音乐能使我们放松）.Is this really true?
3.______________（我们绝对不能）ignore the value of knowledge.
4.As is known to all, ______________（假冒伪劣商品）harm the interests of consumers.
5.Faced with failure,some people canstand up to it, _____________ （从失败中汲取教训）and try hard to fulfill what they aredetermined to do.
　　如果觉得题量少可以向我提议啊~XD
1. By takingexercises
　　解析：通过锻炼，我们可以保持健康。其实这题答案不止一个。“锻炼”可以用名词也可以用动词短语。“通过”可以用by表示方式，through表示途径。Bytaking exercises /Through exercises。往往by用于“by + doing”，而through后接名词哦。2.listening to music enables us to feelrelaxed
　　解析：“听音乐”在句中作主语，“听”应当处理成动名词形式。“能使我们放松”很多同学会采用 can make us feelrelaxed的结构。其实，enable就有“能够使某人……”的含义，注意enable sb. to do 的表达。3. On no accountcan we
　　解析：本题是强调语气，强调“决不能”，所以联想到on no account,by no means,at no time,in nocase等。不管用哪一个，都要注意它们是含有否定的意味的，因此在置于句首时应使用倒装语序。来源：考试大4. fake and inferiorcommodities
　　解析：“假冒伪劣商品”包含两层含义：一是假货，二是次品，在翻译成英文的时候应该注意两层含义的正确译法。“假冒”不能用false而应选择fake，“次品”可以说inferior表示质量差，也可以用commodityof low quality。5. draw useful lessons fromit来源：考试大　　解析：句意为：面对失败，有的人能够顽强抵抗，从中吸取教训，努力实现他们的目标。本句由三个并列的谓语成分构成，谓语动词分别是stand upto“汲取”和try。“汲取教训”正确表达为draw a lessonfrom…。然而我们又能从全句判断，从失败中吸取教训是为了将来能够更好地实现目标，因此加上修饰语useful，使内容更明确。

顺序法:
翻译不改变原文表达语序，不会影响对原文内容的理解。　　例1 即使在我们关掉床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时，电仍然为我们工作：开动电冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。　　译文: Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.考试大－全国最大教育类网站(www．Examda。com)　　在句子中，句子前半部分是一个让步状语从句，后半句的“开动”，“加热”，“使……运转”都是“电在为我们工作”的具体内容。因而在译文中，译者将这三个并行动作处理成了V-ing 形式，补充说明working的内容。译文按照原句的语序完全传达了原文的意思，采用顺序法翻译，达到了“精确，通顺”的目的。　　例2 It was a Saturday evening, when Tom was lying on the bench of the school listening to a blackbird and composing a lyric, that he saw the girls running among the trees, with the red-cheeked Joe in swift pursuit.
　　译文: 那是周六的傍晚，汤姆正躺在学校的长凳上，一面听画眉鸟唱歌，一面写一首抒情诗，忽然看见女孩子们在树林里奔跑，后面紧跟着那红脸的乔。　　原句里一连串出现了一系列的动词如：lying, listening, composing, saw，这是按汤姆进行这些动作的先后顺序来描述的，如果在译文中打乱这些顺序，就反而会显得凌乱，没有逻辑。
逆序法:来源：考试大　　逆序法根据目标语使用者表达习惯与目标语读者的认知能力，按原文语序反向翻译，以便更好地传达原文的内容。　　例3 他经常做礼拜的时候，总坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他们发现他不坐在老地方。　　请读者比较下面两句译文，你认为哪一句较好？　　译文1:When he attended worship, he always took a certain seat, but they found that he took a different one that day.
　　译文2:They remarked how he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend worship.
　　两种译文都忠实传达了原文内容。第一种为顺序翻译，第二种为逆序翻译。第一种显得有些冗长拖沓，且前后简单句主语不一致（前半句主语为he，后半句主语是they），给人表述混乱之感。第二种由于采用了逆序法将原句意思用一个复合句表达出来，内容清晰，结构紧凑。　　　　
顺序法和逆序法主要是针对翻译长句而言，四六级汉译英题不会涉及此类译法，但作为翻译策略之一，应有所了解。
Exercise 21.We wish to convey to you ________________ （我们衷心的祝贺）.
2. __________________（无论从哪一方面考虑），they ought to be given another chance.
3. ________________（随着时间的流逝）,they forgot their bitter sufferings.
4.We must _______________（使自己适应）the demands of our times; otherwise we’ll fall behind other industrialized countries of the world.
5.The number of the students in the city has ___________________ （增加了五倍） in comparison with 2001.
　　答案：1. our hearty congratulations
　　解析：全句意为：我们希望向你表达我们衷心的祝福。主要考查词是“衷心的”。hearty 表示发自内心的，衷心的，亲切的，热烈的意思。如：a hearty welcome（热烈的欢迎）；a hearty invitation（真诚的邀请）；a hearty support（全力的支持）。另外，“希望（做）某事”可以说成：wish to do sth./ wish + sth.
2. Taking everything into consideration
　　解析：本题考查的是反面表达法。“无论从哪一方面考虑”即：方方面面都考虑到。“考虑”的短语表达有：take sth. into consideration /take sth. into account 。因为此句主句已给出，所以take应用现在分词的形式，在句中作原因状语。本句采用反译法，使译文符合英文表达习惯。3. With the passing of time
　　解析：本题是考查固定搭配，“时间流逝”应译为 the passing / passage of time ，“随着”应选用介词with，请看例句：We grow older with the hours.（我们随着时光流逝而长大。）4. adapt ourselves to
　　解析：本句意为：我们必须使自己适应这个时代的要求，否则就会落后于世界其他工业国家。主要考查“使……适应” 的用法：adapt to / adapt sb. to，如：adapt themselves to city life（使他们适应城市生活）；You should adapt yourself to the new environment.（你应该适应新环境）。adapt 除了有“使适应”含义外，还有“改编，改写”之意。考生也常将adapt 和 adopt相混淆。adopt有“采纳，接受，领养”之意。5. increased 6 times
　　解析：本题考查关于倍数的说法。“增加了5倍”即增加到6倍。用times与fold表示“增加”时，要注意英语要多说一倍。如Output of coal increased four times（或fourfold）.（媒产量增加了3倍）。

大学英语四六级综合题型汉译英冲刺练习及解析
一、倍数增减的表示法1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).
2) This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).
3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).4) The landlord _______________(想将租金提高三分之一).
5) They _______________(计划将投资增加一倍).来源：　　二、时态1) Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).
2) When she got home, _______________(孩子们已经睡着了).
3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐将在海边度假).
4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).
5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).
6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他参军已五年了).
　　三、被动语态1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).
2) The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版).
3) Computer models _______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).
4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).
5) _______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sand storms.
　　四、情态动词1) The phone is ringing, _______________(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).
2) I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).
3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).
4) It’s a pity. _______________(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).
5) _______________(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.
　　五、虚拟语气1) I wish _______________(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).
2) If only _______________(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.
3) —— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?
—— I’d rather he _______________(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).
4) It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).
5) Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).
6) We insist that _______________(让杰克立刻进医院).
7) It was advised that _______________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).
8) His proposal was that _______________(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).
9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考试).
10) It is ridiculous that _______________(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).
11) But for his help, _______________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).
12) I used my calculator; _______________(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).
13) Were I in your place, _______________(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).
14) He walked lightly _______________(以免惊醒婴儿).
　　六、不定式1) It was a great achievement _______________(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).
2) It is necessary _______________(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).
3) It is generous _______________(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).
4) The teacher decided _______________(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).
5) Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法国的儿子).
6) The gardener _______________(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).
7) We _______________(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).
8) He feels it challenging _______________(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).
9) We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).
10) Sally Ride was the first _______________(探索外部空间的美国妇女).
11) They lifted a rock _______________(结果砸了自己的脚).
12) He was surprised _______________(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学).
13) I am sorry _______________(占用了您这么多时间).
14) I happened _______________(在他冲进来的时候站在门口).
15) She doesn’t like _______________(被当作客人).
16) If you want to save money, you’d better _______________(到校园书店买旧书).
17) We were made _______________(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚).
　　七、分词1) This is the first time that I heard _______________(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).
2) The cars _______________(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.
3) The war went on for years, _______________(夺去了成千上万人的生命).
4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________(将平均产量提高了15%).
5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________(想推导出它的运转原理).
6) _______________(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study.
7) _______________(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education.
8) _______________(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.
9) _______________(好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them.
　　八、动名词1) _______________(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.
2) They tried to avoid _______________(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情).
3) Developing varieties is the key to _______________(使我们的产品进入国际市场).
4) It is no use _______________(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).
5) He denied_______________(偷看了同桌的试卷).
6) We congratulated her on _______________(被提升为经理).
　　九、非谓语动词用法区别1) Success means _______________(非常努力地工作).
2) John meant _______________(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障).
3) I heard him _______________(在跟他的母亲谈话).
4) I heard him _______________(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时).
5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________(结果却摔断了自己的腿).
6) He jumped from the burning house, _______________(摔断了双腿).
7) He was happy _______________(看到父母很健康).
8) _______________(看到父母安然无恙), he breathed a sigh of relief.
9) _______________(跟随着它的脚印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.
10) The star, _______________(后面跟着两个保镖), came to meet his fans.
　　十、名词从句1) _______________(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret.
2) _______________(最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.
3) _______________(这么做是故意的) became obvious.
4) It is not clear yet _______________(谁应该为这件事负责).
5) It is none of your business _______________(玛丽与谁订婚).
6) Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________(今天能做的事).
7) This novel is just _______________(我一直在寻找的).
8) It is not yet known _______________(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).
9) _______________(她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me.
10) My main problem right now is _______________(我是否应该请求另一笔贷款).
11) It all depends on _______________(他们是否会支持我们).
12) You have yet to answer my question _______________(我是否可以指望你的投票).
13) Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资).
14) Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席会同意他的提议).
十一、定语从句1) Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(鲁迅出生的那栋房子).
2) The old lady died _______________(在她儿子到达的那天).
3) This is _______________(我赞成这一改革的理由).
4) Let ABC be _______________(一个三边不等长的三角形).
5) Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).
6) He introduced me to his students, _______________(他们大部分是英语专业的学生).
7) _______________(众所周知), water is a liquid.
　　十二、状语从句1) _______________(不管我们谈论什么), Jim brings polities into the discussion.
2) We climbed high _______________(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).
3) The problem was so complicated _______________(花了我们两个周才解决).
4) You can go out _______________(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来).
5) I remember the whole thing _______________(仿佛是昨天发生的).
十三、比较级最高级1) Does she dance _______________(跟她姐姐一样地优美)?
2) The buildings look _______________(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多).
3) This is _______________(他画的最好的画之一).
4) The higher you climb, _______________(空气就越稀薄).
　　十四、倒装句1) Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒).
2) No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).
3) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).
4) Only then _______________(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).
5) Only when you adjust down your price _______________(我们才能做成这笔买卖).
　　十五、强调句1) _______________(正是Thomas Jefferson写下了)the Declaration of Independence.
2) _______________(作者是带着真挚的情感)praises all that is progressive.
3) _______________(正是因为水涨了)we could not cross the river.
4) _______________(人们听见正是Jim 这个无情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night.
5) _______________(直到我告诉她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.

答案　　一、倍数增减的表示法1) is 2.5 times greater than Force N2
2) reacts three times as fast as the other one
3) is 49 times the size of the moon
4) wants to raise the rent by a third
5) plan to double their investment来源：　　二、时态1) or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church
2) the children had fallen asleep
3) my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside
4) have been revising my resume all the morning
5) No. It has been five years since I went on holiday
6) He has been in the army for 5 years
　　三、被动语态1) is being replaced by the computer and the projector
2) will have been published by the end of this year
3) can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work
4) I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated
5) Effective measures must be taken immediately
　　四、情态动词1) but there is no answer. She can’t be at home
2) I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday
3) You must have dreamed of something terrible
4) You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony
5) I needn’t have put on my best suit to go to the party
　五、虚拟语气1) I had had your opportunities when I was young
2) he had known this disease is curable
3) painted it blue, and without any decorations
4) measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams
5) as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly
6) Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now
7) more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area
8) they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem
9) the mid-term exams (should) be canceled
10) we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining
11) we could not have rent a house at such a low price
12) otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question
13) I would seize the opportunity without hesitation
14) lest he should awaken the baby
　　六、不定式1) to complete a 24-story building in 10 months
2) for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test
3) of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area
4) not to punish those students who had been late for class
5) whether to visit their son in France
6) warned me just now not to water flowers at noon
7) invited him to give us a lecture on modern art
8) to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university
9) to apply what we have learned in class to practice
10) American woman to explore the outer space
11) only to drop it on their own feet
12) to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village
13) to have taken up so much of your time
14) to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in
15) to be treated as a guest
16) go to the campus bookstore to buy used books
17) to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room
　　七、分词1) “Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian
2) parked in the fire lane
3) killing thousand