人教版英语必修一unit4重要知识点及练习.docx

人教版高一英语必修一第四单元Earthquake重点词组及练习
1. burst into +n =burst out doing 突然 ····· 起来 burst into tears =burst out crying
2.as is known to everybody总所周知 3.be injured 受伤
4.cut across穿过 横穿 5.as usual像往常一样
6.give out散发出 精疲力竭 7.instead of 代替
8.give a speech演讲 9.put up shelters搭建避难
10.be pleased to do sth.乐意做某事 11.be proud of 以 ····· 而自豪
12.the number of ····· 的数量 13.in the open air 在户外
14.right away立刻 15.in ruins破败不堪 成废墟
16.dig out掘出 17.at an end 终结
18.a number of 许多 大量的 19.too····· to·····太····· 而不能
20.tens of thousands of 成千上万的
21.be trapped in =be caught in 被困在·····中
22.all ····· not····· = not all····· 并非所有·····都
23.to the north of =north of 在·····的北面 24.be rescued from 被从·····解救出
25.be buried 被埋葬 被埋藏 26.bury oneself in =be buried in 专心于，埋头于
27.think little of 评价不高 think highly of 赞许 给予较高评价
28.as if 仿佛 29. be/ get shocked 震惊 30.at an end 终结
1、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings crashed and burst.
城市里，一些大楼里的水管爆裂。
burst爆裂,突发
用法归纳：
I felt as if my heart would burst with joy. 我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。
The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。
There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。
联想扩展：
(1) burst in on…突然打断
He burst in on our conversation. 他突然打断了我们的谈话。
(2) burst into +n. 突然…
The speaker burst into angry speech. 演讲者突然讲粗话。
(3) burst out + doing突然…
The woman burst out crying like a child. 那个妇女突然像小孩一样哭了。
2. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.
地震中，有三分之二的人死亡或受伤。injury n. 伤害
易混辨析：
injure ; hurt; wound; harm 伤害
injure比hurt 正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。
hurt 既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。指肉体上的伤害时，hurt可与badly, slightly, seriously等连用；但若果指精神上的创伤，只能用very much, rather / deeply。
wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤。可以是肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的创伤。
harm 表示引起对身体、物质或精神上的损害，常指伤害人的肉体，损坏东西以及损害健康、品质、事业等。
即时活用：
1、Did you say that our neighbor ______ in the accident?
A. badly hurted B. was badly hurted C. had badly hurted D. was badly hurt
2、My chest _____ when I take a deep breath, doctor.
A. hurts B. wounds C.harms D. injure
3、The old lady died from the _____on her head; she was _______when cleaning windows on the ladder when she fell off it.
A. injury; injured B. wound; wound C. wounded; hurt D. hurt; injured
5、The bus driver was badly ___on both legs in the traffic accident.
A. wounded B. broken C. injured D. destroyed
3. It seemed as if the world was at an end!
【短语归纳】与end搭配的常用短语：
come to an end vi.结束（用作谓语） bring/put sth.to an end vt.结束；制止
at the end of在…尽头（末）（指时间或空间） by the end of到…末为止（现在完成时连用）
by the end of last...（与过去完成时连用） by the end of next...（用于将来完成时）
in the end最后，终于（作状语） on end连续
to the end到底 without end没完没了的
【随堂练习】用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。
（1）How many English words have you learned ____________ last term?
（2）He became an outstanding doctor ___________.
（3）My uncle will fly to China _________ this year.
It seemed + that从句是一个句型，表示“看起来好象”。
eg: It seemed that he didn't notice this. 看起来他好象没注意这件事。
as if是连词词组，意为“好像、好似”，相当于as though，一般用于句型It looks/seems as if...中，其意思是“看起来好像……”。如果与事实相反，则用虚拟语气；如果与事实一致，则保持正常时态。
eg: 1.There is a lot of cloud. It seems as if it's going to rain.
有这么多乌云，看起来好象要下雨了。（是事实，不用虚拟）
2.She is so kind to me. It seems as if she were my mother.
她对我非常好，看起来好象她是我的母亲。（事实上不是，与现在事实相反）
sb. 作主语时，seem后常跟adj. 作表语。
eg: He seemed a little angry. 他看起来有点生气。
4.、In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
（1）n. 残垣断壁；废墟（名词时常用复数）
The city lay in ruins after years of bombing.
（2）v. 毁灭；使破产
The hurricane ruined all the houses here.
【拓展】
be in ruins 呈一片废墟 fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to ruin 毁灭，落空
ruin oneself 自我毁灭 bring sb. to ruin 使毁灭
5. shock vt．&vi．(使)震动，震惊；(使)受电击n．打击；震惊；震动[C]令人震惊的人或事
People were shocked.(回归课本P26)
①1 was shocked to see him alone．我很吃惊地发现他独自一人。
②I felt the shock as the aircraft hit the ground．飞机着陆时我感觉到震了一下。
③If you touch this live wire，you’11 get a shock．如果触摸这条带电的电线，你就会遭到电击。
归纳拓展 with/from shock由于震惊
shocked口办震惊的，震撼的 shocking adj．令人震惊的
a shocking accident令人吃惊的事故
be shocked at对……感到吃惊 be shocked to do深感意外地去做
特别提示
(1) shocked/surprised/amazed等的主语多为人，而shocking/surprising/amazing等的主语多为物。这两种形式的形容词辨析常在高考题中出现。如：
①They were shocked by her rudeness．他们对她的无礼感到震惊。
②What a shocking waste of time!时间的浪费多么惊人呀!
(2) 当表示具体的令人震惊的人或事的时候，shock是可数名词，这一点常和冠词一起考查。如：
The news of his mother’s death was a terrible shock to him．
他母亲去世的噩耗使他非常震惊。
6 Trap
vt．(trapped，trapped)使陷入困境；设陷阱捕 n．陷阱；困境；捕捉(动物的)夹子
①The lift broke down and we were trapped inside(it)．电梯出了故障，我们被困在里面了。
②The thieves were caught in a police trap．窃贼落人警方设的陷阱而被捕。
归纳拓展
(1)fall into a trap：be caught in a trap掉人陷阱；落人圈套 be trapped in…
(2)trap sb into doing sth诱使某人做某事
By clever questioning they trapped him into making a confession．他们用巧妙的提问诱使他招认了。
7、Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.
(1) n.援救，营救
The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river
（2）v. 救援；拯救
He rescued a boy from drowning.
【拓展】
rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把•••从•••营救出来
come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援队
a rescue mission 救援任务 rescue workers 救援人员
【随堂练习】用rescue的适当形式填空
（1）The mother, along with her two children, _________from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
（2）The firemen ________ five children from the burning house yesterday.
8. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
(1) be trapped in 陷入困境
They were trappend in the burning building.
(2) bury 埋葬，掩埋
be buried in / bury oneself in 埋头于，专心于
（3）the dead 死者，表示一类人。形容词前加the常用来表示一类人或一类东西。
eg: the rich 富人 the young 年轻人
the old 老年人 the deaf 聋人
the blind 盲人 the injured 受伤的人
the new 新的东西 the ordinary 普普通通的东西
the unusual 不同寻常的东西
注意："the + 形容词" 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由上下文的意思而定。如表示一类人，作复数看待；如表示抽象概念或具体的某个人时，谓语动词用单数。
eg: 1.The young respect the old; the old love the young. 尊老爱幼。
2.All the injured have been sent to hospita. 所有受伤的人都已送往医院。
9 congratulation(n.)“祝贺”，一般要用复数形式，常与on连用。congratulations on sth./doing sth.
eg: 1.Let's offer our congratulations on her success. 对她的成功表示祝贺。
2.Congratulations on winning the race. 祝贺你比赛获胜。
注意：表示向某人祝贺，接介词to。congratulations to sb.
eg: 1.Congratulations to you. 祝贺你。
2.Let's send our congratulations to him on winning the Nobel Prize.
让我们祝贺他获得诺贝尔奖。
congratulate(v.) “祝贺，恭喜；道贺，向......致词”，congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth.
eg: 1.I congratulated my girlfriend on her birthday. 我向女友祝贺生日。
2.Let me congratulate you on the birth of your daughter.
我祝贺你喜获千金。
2. We congratulated him on having passed the examination.
课堂训练
一、根据句意以及首字母提示完成单词
1、Older students were having difficulty in studying and o_________ themselves.
2、That place is dirty and s_________.
3、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and b________.
4、People began to wonder how long the d_________ would last.
5、F_________ water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane.
6、Everywhere they looked nearly everything was d__________.
7、The railway tracks were now u_______ pieces of steel.
8、Without _________ (电)，modern life would be very difficult.
9、_________ (判断)from his appearance, the manger must be over fifty.
10、Dead and ________ (受伤的)people lay everywhere after the terrible accident.
二、用适当的关系代词填空
1、The building ________ wall is white is my uncle’s house.
2、I know the boy ________ you are looking for.
3、Will you please lend me the very book ________ you bought yesterday?
4、The student ________ the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor.
5、The reason ________ comes after spring is summer.
6、This is the museum ________ we visited last Saturday.
7、The boy with ________ John is talking is my brother.
8、The girl _________ leg was broken in the earthquake was talken to the hospital immediately.
9、_________ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.
10、Don’t read such books _________ you can’t understand.
三、单项选择
1、We don’t need to do extra work this evening. The day’s work was almost ______ now.
A. at the end B. at an end C. at one end D. at our end
2、I’ve read all the books ________ you gave me.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. that
3、In that big fire all their houses were__________, so they had to build new ones.
A. hurt B. harmed C. injured D. destroyed
4、The boy ________ on the ground ________ to me that his hen _______ three eggs a day.
A. lies; lied; laid B. lying; lied; laid
C. lay; lied; lain D. lay; lying; has laid
5、Alice received an invitation from her boss, ________ came as a surprise.
A. it B. this C. which D. that
6、After the Tsunami passed away, all the villages and towns were ________. And no being was seen.
A. in ruin B. in ruins C. at ruins D. for ruins
7、The bus driver was badly ________ on both legs in the traffic accident.
A. wounded B. broken C. injured D. destroyed
8、I haven’t seen both of her films, but ________ from the one I have seen I think she’s a promising
actress.

400-500元 13 26%A. judging B. judge C. judged D. judgment

与此同时，上海市工商行政管理局也对大学生创业采取了政策倾斜：凡高校毕业生从事个体经营的，自批准经营日起，１年内免交登记注册费、个体户管理费、集贸市场管理费、经济合同鉴证费、经济合同示范文本工本费等，但此项优惠不适用于建筑、娱乐和广告等行业。9、— We need a quick reply.
— I see. I’ll send the paper to you _______.
A. now and then B. sooner or later

随着社会经济、文化的飞跃发展，人们正从温饱型步入小康型，崇尚人性和时尚，不断塑造个性和魅力的现代文化价值观念，已成为人们的追求目标。因此，顺应时代的饰品文化显示出强大的发展势头和越来越广的市场，从事饰品销售是有着广阔的市场空间。C. just now D. right away
10、The whole world was ________ when they learned that the quake had brought so much damage.

2003年，上海市人均GDP按户籍人口计算就达到46700元，是1995年的2.5倍；居民家庭人均月可支配收入为14867元，是1995年的2.1倍。收入不断增加的同时，居民的消费支出也在增加。2003年上海居民人均消费支出为11040元，其中服务性消费支出为3369元，是1995年的3.6倍。A. concerned B. interested C. shocked D. frustrated

4、如果学校开设一家DIY手工艺制品店，你是否会经常去光顾？

朋友推荐□ 宣传广告□ 逛街时发现的□ 上网□四、完成句子

（二）创业优势分析1、Professor Yu ______ ______ ______ before ______ his speech.
于教授在演讲之前先理顺了一下自己的思路。

“碧芝”最吸引人的是那些小巧的珠子、亮片等，都是平日里不常见的。店长梁小姐介绍，店内的饰珠有威尼斯印第安的玻璃珠、秘鲁的陶珠、奥利的施华洛世奇水晶、法国的仿金片、日本的梦幻珠等，五彩缤纷，流光异彩。按照饰珠的质地可分为玻璃、骨质、角质、陶制、水晶、仿金、木制等种类，其造型更是千姿百态：珠型、圆柱型、动物造型、多边形、图腾形象等，美不胜收。全部都是进口的，从几毛钱一个到几十元一个的珠子，做一个成品饰物大约需要几十元，当然，还要决定于你的心意。“碧芝”提倡自己制作：端个特制的盘子到柜台前，按自己的构思选取喜爱的饰珠和配件，再把它们串成成品。这里的饰珠和配件的价格随质地而各有同，所用的线绳价格从几元到一二十元不等，如果让店员帮忙串制，还要收取１０％～２０％的手工费。2、All the students ______ ________ _______ the Internet.
并非所有学生都喜欢上网。
3、The police _______ a man _______ drowning.
警方援救一男子，使之免遭溺水。

（一）创业机会分析4、She _______ very _______ ________ her children’s success.
她对她的孩子们的成功感到非常自豪。
5、______ ______ _______ the teacher was satisfied with what you have done.

据介绍，经常光顾“碧芝”的都是些希望得到世界上“独一无二”饰品的年轻人，他们在琳琅满目的货架上挑选，然后亲手串连，他们就是偏爱这种ＤＩＹ的方式，完全自助。 老师好像对你做的事很满意。
6、________ _________ families _______ ________and many children were left ________ parents.
成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子成了孤儿。